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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Evolución de los pacientes con infección crónica por hepatitis C con fibrosis...
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Vol. 45. Issue 10.
Pages 767-779 (December 2022)
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Vol. 45. Issue 10.
Pages 767-779 (December 2022)
Original
Evolución de los pacientes con infección crónica por hepatitis C con fibrosis avanzada o cirrosis curados con antivirales de acción directa. Seguimiento a largo plazo
Evolution of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis cured with direct-acting antivirals. Long-term follow-up
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Ester Badia Aranda
Corresponding author
esterbadara@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Cristina Fernández Marcos, Aida Puebla Maestu, Visitación Gozalo Marín, Raquel Vinuesa Campo, Sara Calvo Simal, Judith Gómez Camarero
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España
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Resumen
Objetivos

Analizar la evolución analítica, clínica y de la fibrosis en pacientes F3-F4 curados con antivirales de acción directa (AAD).

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio unicéntrico, observacional y prospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con hepatitisC F3-F4 curados con AAD del 1 de noviembre de 2014 al 31 de agosto de 2019. Se realizó una visita basal (VB) y a las 12semanas (12s), 1, 2, 3 y 4años tras finalizar el tratamiento.

Se recogieron variables demográficas, analíticas, medición no invasiva de la fibrosis, marcadores indirectos de hipertensión portal, presencia de varices esofágicas, descompensaciones de la cirrosis y hepatocarcinoma.

Resultados

Se trataron 169 pacientes: 123 (72,8%) hombres, edad 57,5±12 años; 117 (69,2%) presentaban cirrosis, 99 (84,6%) ChildA. El 96,4% consiguieron respuesta virológica sostenida (RVS).

La mediana de seguimiento fue de 46,14 (2,89-62,55) meses. Durante el seguimiento se observó precozmente un aumento significativo de plaquetas (155×103/μl [VB]; 163×103/μl [12s]), colesterol (158mg/dl [VB]; 179mg/dl [12s]) y albúmina (4,16g/dl [VB]; 4,34g/dl [12s]), y un descenso significativo de GPT (82UI/l [VB]; 23UI/l [12s]), GOT (69UI/l [VB]; 26UI/l [12s]), GGT (118UI/l [VB]; 48UI/l [12s]), y bilirrubina (0,9mg/dl [VB]; 0,7mg/dl [12s]). La fibrosis disminuyó, también inicialmente, tanto con métodos serológicos como Fibroscan (19,9KPa [VB]; 14,8KPa [12s]); p<0,05).

El 8,1% de los pacientes con cirrosis compensada presentaron alguna descompensación. El 4,5% desarrollaron varices esofágicas.

Nueve (5,52%) pacientes presentaron hepatocarcinoma de novo; seis (3,68%) lo presentaban basalmente, y el 40% sufrieron recidiva.

Durante el seguimiento la mortalidad fue del 9,2%.

Conclusiones

Existe mejoría de los parámetros analíticos y de la fibrosis hepática medida por métodos no invasivos en los pacientes F3-F4 curados con AAD. Sin embargo, el riesgo de descompensación y de hepatocarcinoma persiste, por lo que se debe mantener el seguimiento.

Palabras clave:
Hepatitis C
Antivirales de acción directa
Respuesta virológica sostenida
Evolución
Descompensaciones
Hepatocarcinoma
Abstract
Aims

To analyze laboratory parameters, clinical and fibrosis evolution in F3-F4 patients cured with direct-acting antivirals (DAA).

Patients and methods

Unicenteric, observational and prospective study. All F3–F4 hepatitis C patients cured with DAA from 01/11/2014 to 31/08/2019 were included. A basal visit (BV) was performed and at 12 weeks (12w), 1, 2, 3 and 4 years after treatment.

Demographic and laboratory variables, fibrosis measured by non-invasive tests, indirect markers of portal hypertension, the presence of esophageal varices, cirrhosis decompensation and hepatoceullar carcinoma were collected.

Results

169 patients were treated: 123 (72.8%) men, age 57.5±12 years; 117 (69.2%) with cirrhosis, 99 (84.6%) ChildA. 96,4% achieved SVR.

The study was conducted for a median follow-up of 46.14 (2.89-62.55) months. It was observed a significant increase in platelets [155×103/μL (BV); 163×103/μL (12w)], cholesterol [158mg/dL (BV); 179mg/dL (12w)] and albumin [4.16g/dL (BV); 4.34g/dL (12w)] and a significant decrease in ALT [82UI/L (BV); 23UI/L (12w], AST [69UI/L (BV); 26UI/L (12w)], GGT [118UI/L (BV); 48UI/L (12w)] and bilirrubin [0.9mg/dL (BV); 0.7mg/dL (12w)]. Fibrosis also improved early in follow-up, both by serological methods and Fibroscan [19.9kPa (BV); 14.8kPa (12w; P<.05].

8.1% of compensated cirrhosis patients had some decompensation. 4.5% developed esophageal varices.

Nine patients (5.52%) had de novo hepatocellular carcinoma; 6 (3.68%) had hepatoceullar carcinoma in BV and 40% had a recurrence.

During follow-up mortality was 9.2%.

Conclusions

There is an improvement in laboratory parameters and fibrosis measured by non-invasive methods in F3-F4 patients cured with DAA. However, the risk of decompensation and the incidence/recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma still remain, so there is a need to follow these patients.

Keywords:
Hepatitis C
Direct-acting antivirals
Sustained virological response
Evolution
Decompensation
Hepatocellular carcinoma

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