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Journal Information
Vol. 34. Issue S2.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 89-92 (October 2011)
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Vol. 34. Issue S2.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 89-92 (October 2011)
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Páncreas y vía biliar. Pancreatitis aguda
The pancreas and the biliary tract. Acute pancreatitis
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Enrique de-Madaria
Unidad de Patología Pancreática, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
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Resumen

Las conclusiones de los estudios más interesantes de la Digestive Disease Week 2011 respecto a la pancreatitis aguda (PA) se enumeran a continuación. Los sistemas pronósticos específicos de PA tienen una precisión moderada, que puede mejorarse mediante su combinación escalonada. La presencia de criterios del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica parece tener mayor valor pronóstico que el sistema BISAP. El hematocrito inicial, la creatinina a las 24h y el nitrógeno ureico en sangre a las 24h predicen el desarrollo de necrosis pancreática. El antecedente de enfermedad cardiovascular podría predisponer a PA grave post-colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. Se debe evitar la realización de una tomografía computarizada abdominal con intención pronóstica antes del segundo día de ingreso. La necrosectomía endoscópica podría asociarse a una menor estancia hospitalaria, similar frecuencia de éxito radiológico y probablemente una menor incidencia de complicaciones que la necrosectomía endoscópica. El tratamiento combinado de la necrosis pancreática organizada mediante drenaje endoscópico y percutáneo se asocia a buenos resultados a largo plazo. Los pacientes que reciben más de un tercio de la fluidoterapia de los primeros 3 días durante el primer día de evolución tienen mejor pronóstico. El parámetro determinado en urgencias que mejor predice unas necesidades aumentadas de fluidos es el recuento leucocitario.

Palabras clave:
Pancreatitis aguda
Pronóstico
Tratamiento
Abstract

The present article reviews the conclusions of the most interesting studies on acute pancreatitis presented at Digestive Disease Week 2011. Specific prognostic systems for acute pancreatitis show moderate accuracy in predicting outcome, which may be improved by step-up combination rules. The presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome seems to be a better marker of severity than the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score. Admission hematocrit, 24h creatinine and 24h BUN seem to predict the development of pancreatic necrosis. Cardiovascular disease may be associated with an increased risk of severe post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) acute pancreatitis. Prognostic abdominal computed tomography scan should be avoided until the second day of admission. Endoscopic necrosectomy may be associated with shorter length of hospital stay, similar radiologic success and probably a lower incidence of complications than open necrosectomy. Combination therapy involving endoscopic plus percutaneous drainage is associated with good long-term outcomes. Outcome is better in patients who receive more than one third of their 72h total fluid therapy within the first 24h. The best predictor of a high need for fluid therapy in the first 48h is leukocyte count.

Keywords:
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis
Prognoses
Treatment
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Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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