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Vol. 40. Issue 2.
Pages 85-97 (April - June 2023)
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Vol. 40. Issue 2.
Pages 85-97 (April - June 2023)
Review
Home blood pressure self-measurement: “Current situation and new perspectives”
Automedidas domiciliarias de presión arterial: «situación actual y nuevas perspectivas»
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J.A. Divisón-Garrotea,
Corresponding author
jadivison@telefonica.net

Corresponding author.
, S. Velilla-Zancadab, L.M. Artigao-Rodenasc, A. García-Lerínd, A. Vicente-Molineroe, A.M. Piera Carbonellf, F.J. Alonso-Morenog, R. Crespo-Sabarísh, F. Valls-Rocai, E. Martín-Rioboój, V. Pallarés-Carratalak
a Primary Care, Casas Ibáñez Health Care Centre, Professor Medical Degree, Universidad Católica Murcia (UCAM), Albacete, Spain
b Primary Care, Joaquin Elizalde Health Care Centre, Logroño, Spain
c Albacete Vascular Disease Group (GEVA), Primary Care, Albacete, Spain
d Primary Care, Almendrales Health Care Centre, Madrid, Spain
e Primary Care, Utebo Health Care Centre, Zaragoza, Spain
f Primary Care, Luanco Health Care Centre, Asturias, Spain
g Primary Care, Sillería Health Care Centre, Toledo, Spain
h Primary Care, Entrena Rural Clinic, Medical Management Primary Care Administration, La Rioja, Spain
i Primary Care, Beniganim Health Care Centre, Valencia, Spain
j Primary Care, UGC Poniente, Córdoba, IMIBIC, Hospital Reina Sofía, Professor, Department of Medicine, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
k Health Surveillance Unit, Mutual Insurance Union. Department of Medicine, Universidad Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
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Tables (8)
Table 1. Self-measurement of blood pressure and target organ damage at home.
Table 2. Self-measurement of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease at home.
Table 3. Advantages and limitations of self-measurement of blood pressure at home.
Table 4. Indications for SMBP and its use in the diagnosis and monitoring of HTN.10,11,13,36–58
Table 5. Diagnostic cost-effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood pressure at home.a
Table 6. Devices for self-measurement of blood pressure in the home (SMBP).
Table 7. Conditions needed for proper blood pressure measurements.
Table 8. Self-measurement of blood pressure (SMBP) for the diagnosis and monitoring of hypertension.
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Abstract

The method typically used to diagnose and monitor hypertensive patients has been to measure blood pressure in the physician's surgery; however, it is a well-known fact that this approach poses certain drawbacks, such as observer bias, failure to detect an alert reaction in the clinic, etc., difficulties that affect its accuracy as a diagnostic method.

In recent years, the varying international scientific societies have persistently recommended the use of blood pressure measurements outside the clinic (at home or in the outpatient setting), using validated automatic devices. Data from some studies suggest that if we rely solely on in-office measurements, approximately 15–20% of the time we may be wrong when making decisions, both in terms of diagnosis and patient follow-up.

Home blood pressure measurements are a simple and very affordable method that has a similar reproducibility and prognostic value as ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, the availability of which is currently very limited. Moreover, ambulatory self-measurements have the significant benefit of being able to improve control of hypertensive individuals.

Healthcare professionals and patients should be aware of the methodology of home blood pressure measurement, its usefulness and limitations.

Keywords:
Blood pressure
Resumen

El método utilizado habitualmente para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes hipertensos ha sido la medida de la presión arterial en la consulta, pero es un hecho conocido que este método plantea problemas (sesgos del observador, no detecta reacción de alerta en consulta…) que afectan a su precisión como método diagnóstico.

Las diferentes sociedades científicas internacionales, en los últimos años, recomiendan de forma insistente el uso de medidas de presión arterial fuera de la consulta (domiciliarias o ambulatorias) con aparatos automáticos validados para tomar decisiones. Datos de algunos estudios sugieren que si solo utilizamos las medidas de la consulta nos podemos equivocar en torno a un 15-20% de las veces que tomemos decisiones en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes.

Las medidas domiciliarias de presión arterial son un método sencillo y muy accesible que tienen una reproducibilidad y valor pronóstico similar al de las medidas ambulatorias, cuya disponibilidad actualmente e muy limitada, y que además tienen una utilidad importante que es la posibilidad de mejora del control de los hipertensos.

Los profesionales sanitarios y los pacientes deben conocer la metodología de uso de la medida de presión arterial domiciliaria y sus utilidades y limitaciones.

Palabras clave:
Presión arterial

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