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Inicio Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular Prevalence of depression in hypertensive patients and its associated factors in ...
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Vol. 41. Issue 4.
Pages 217-225 (October - December 2024)
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Vol. 41. Issue 4.
Pages 217-225 (October - December 2024)
Original article
Prevalence of depression in hypertensive patients and its associated factors in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Prevalencia de la depresión en pacientes hipertensos y sus factores asociados en la India: una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis
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A. Duttaa, V. Chaudharya, A.K. Guptab, K. Murtic, S. Kumaria, D. Dhira, S. Meenakshic, C. Ahujaa, B. Sharmaa, B. Pala,
Corresponding author
biplab2006pal@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
b School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
c Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
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Table 1. Study characteristics.
Table 2. Summary of findings from subgroup analyses.
Table 3. Factors associated with depression among hypertensive patients.
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Abstract
Background

Hypertension is a prevalent health challenge in India, with a bidirectional link to depression. Recognizing the prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients and associated factors are important for better health outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies. R software was used for analysis, employing a random effects model with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analyses were done to explore sources of heterogeneity within the included studies.

Results

The prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients in India was 39.8% (95% CI: 28.6; 52.1). Despite a higher prevalence observed in South region (44.7%) compared to North (26.9%), the difference was not significant (p=0.39). Studies utilizing different assessment scales and varying sample sizes yielded similar prevalence. However, a temporal trend analysis indicated a higher prevalence in studies published between 2020 and 2023 (52.6%) compared to those published between 2016 and 2019 (35.5%) (p=0.03). Major factors associated with depression included lower socioeconomic status, low education level, female gender, uncontrolled hypertension, and COVID-19 related factors.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of hypertensive patients suffer from depression. Therefore, screening for depression in hypertensive patients is essential to improve hypertension management in India.

Keywords:
Hypertension
Blood pressure
Depression
Mental health
Epidemiology
India
Abbreviations:
MADRS
PHQ-9
HDRS (Ham-D)
DASS
PRISMA
MeSH
NOS
Resumen
Antecedentes

La hipertensión es un problema de salud prevalente en la India, con un vínculo bidireccional con la depresión. Reconocer la prevalencia de la depresión entre los pacientes hipertensos y los factores asociados es importante para obtener mejores resultados sanitarios.

Métodos

Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, Scopus y Google Scholar para identificar estudios relevantes. Se utilizó el software R para el análisis, empleando un modelo de efectos aleatorios con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Se realizaron análisis de subgrupos para explorar las fuentes de heterogeneidad dentro de los estudios incluidos.

Resultados

La prevalencia de la depresión entre los pacientes hipertensos en la India fue del 39,8% (IC del 95%: 28,6-52,1). A pesar de que se observó una mayor prevalencia en la región sur (44,7%) en comparación con el norte (26,9%), la diferencia no fue significativa (p=0,39). Los estudios que utilizaron diferentes escalas de evaluación y variaron el tamaño de las muestras arrojaron una prevalencia similar. Sin embargo, un análisis de tendencia temporal indicó una mayor prevalencia en los estudios publicados entre 2020-2023 (52,6%) en comparación con los publicados entre 2016-2019 (35,5%) (p=0,03). Los principales factores asociados con la depresión incluyeron un nivel socioeconómico más bajo, bajo nivel educativo, sexo femenino, hipertensión no controlada y factores relacionados con COVID-19.

Conclusiones

Una proporción significativa de pacientes hipertensos sufre depresión. Por lo tanto, el cribado de la depresión en los pacientes hipertensos es esencial para mejorar el tratamiento de la hipertensión en la India.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión
Presión arterial
Depresión
Salud mental
Epidemiología
India

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