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Inicio Medicina Clínica Influencia del tratamiento con estatinas en una cohorte de pacientes ingresados ...
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Vol. 158. Issue 12.
Pages 586-595 (June 2022)
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Vol. 158. Issue 12.
Pages 586-595 (June 2022)
Original
Influencia del tratamiento con estatinas en una cohorte de pacientes ingresados por COVID-19
Influence of statin treatment in a cohort of patients admitted for COVID-19
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Juan R. Reya,1,
Corresponding author
juanr.rey@salud.madrid.org

Autor para correspondencia.
, José Luis Merino Llorensa, Ángel Manuel Iniesta Manjavacasa, Sandra Ofelia Rosillo Rodrígueza, Sergio Castrejón-Castrejóna, Emilio Arbas-Redondoa, Isabel Dolores Poveda-Pinedoa, Daniel Tebar-Márqueza, Andrea Severo-Sáncheza, Borja Rivero-Santanaa, Víctor Juárez-Olmosa, Marcel Martínez-Cossiania, Antonio Buño-Sotob, Luis Gonzalez-Vallec, Alicia Herrero-Ambrosioc, Esteban López-de-Sáa, Juan Caro-Codóna,1
a Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
b Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
c Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
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Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos

Se ha especulado que las estatinas pueden ser de utilidad en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19, pero no existen evidencias clínicas sólidas. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer su utilidad en una cohorte de gran tamaño de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19, así como si su retirada se asocia con un peor pronóstico.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo observacional. Se incluyeron 2.191 pacientes hospitalizados con infección confirmada con SARS-CoV-2.

Resultados

La edad media fue de 68,0 ± 17,8 años y fallecieron un total de 597 (27,3%) pacientes. Un total de 827 pacientes (37,7% de la muestra) estaban tratados previamente con estatinas. Aunque precisaron con mayor frecuencia de ingreso en camas de críticos, dicho grupo terapéutico no resultó un factor predictor independiente de muerte en el seguimiento [HR 0,95 (0,72-1,25)]. Un total de 371 pacientes (16,9%) recibió al menos una dosis de estatina durante el ingreso. A pesar de ser una población con un perfil clínico más desfavorable, tanto su uso [HR 1,03 (0,78-1,35)] como la suspensión durante el ingreso en pacientes que las recibían crónicamente [HR 1,01 (0,78-1,30)] presentaron un efecto neutro en la mortalidad. No obstante, el grupo con estatinas desarrolló con mayor frecuencia datos de citolisis hepática, rabdomiolisis y más eventos trombóticos y hemorrágicos.

Conclusiones

En nuestra muestra, las estatinas no se asociaron de forma independiente a una menor mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19. En aquellos pacientes que tengan indicación de recibirlas por su patología previa es necesario monitorizar estrechamente sus potenciales efectos adversos durante el ingreso hospitalario.

Palabras clave:
Estatinas
COVID-19
Mortalidad
Morbilidad
Efectos adversos
Retirada medicación
Abstract
Aims and objectives

Statins have been proposed as potentially useful agents for modulating the host response in COVID-19. However, solid evidence-based recommendations are still lacking. Our aim was to study the association between statin use and clinical outcomes in a large cohort of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the specific consequences of chronic treatment withdrawal during hospital admission.

Material and methods

Retrospective observational study including 2191 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results

Mean age was 68.0±17.8 years and 597 (27.3%) patients died during follow-up. A total of 827 patients (37.7% of the whole sample), received chronic treatment with statins. Even though they underwent more frequent admissions in critical care units, chronic treatment with statins was not independently associated with all-cause mortality [HR 0.95 (0.72-1.25)]. During the whole hospital admission, 371 patients (16.9%) received at least one dose of statin. Although these patients had a significantly worse clinical profile, both treatment with statins during admission [HR 1.03 (0.78-1.35)] and withdrawal of chronic statin treatment [HR 1.01 (0.78-1.30)] showed a neutral effect in mortality. However, patients treated with statins presented more frequently hepatic cytolysis, rhabdomyolysis and thrombotic/hemorrhagic events.

Conclusions

In this large cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, statins were not independently associated with all-cause mortality during follow-up. Clinically relevant statin-associated adverse effects should be carefully monitored during hospital admission.

Keywords:
Statins
COVID-19
Mortality
Morbidity
Adverse effects
Treatment withdrawal

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