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Inicio Medicina Clínica Valor de las citocinas proinflamatorias como factor de predicción de sepsis y m...
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Vol. 121. Issue 10.
Pages 361-366 (January 2003)
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Vol. 121. Issue 10.
Pages 361-366 (January 2003)
Originales
Valor de las citocinas proinflamatorias como factor de predicción de sepsis y mortalidad en el anciano con fiebre
Cytokines value as a sepsis and mortality predictor in elderly patients with fever
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L. Martía, A. Morenoa,
Corresponding author
amoreno@medicina.ub.es

Correspondencia: Dr. A. Moreno Institut Clínic d'Infeccions i Immunologia. Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170. 08036 Barcelona. España.
, X. Filellab, J.L. Marínb, M. Almelac, N. Benitoa, M. Sánchezd, J.M. Gatella
a Servicio de Bioquímica. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona
b Servicio de Bioquímica. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona
c Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona
d Servicio de Urgencias. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. España
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Fundamento y objetivo

Las citocinas proinflamatorias (interleucina 1β [IL-1β] IL-6 y factor denecrosis tumoral alfa [TNF-α]) son predictoras de dano tisular, inflamacion e infeccion. No sedispone de datos en ancianos con sepsis aguda. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido definir quecitocinas se correlacionan con bacteriemia y cuales son predictoras de mala evolucion en el anciano.

Pacientes y metodo

Estudio prospectivo realizado durante 1999. Se incluyo a los pacientes conedad de 60 anos o superior y temperatura de 38 oC o mas que acudieron a urgencias. Se solicitoal ingreso la determinacion de IL-1β, IL-6, y TNF-α, proteina C reactiva (PCR) y se realizaroncultivos segun el foco infeccioso sospechado. Al cuarto dia se determinaron nuevamente las citocinasy la PCR, y se siguio la evolucion hasta la curacion o fallecimiento.

Resultados

Se incluyo a 50 pacientes (29 varones), con una edad media (DE) de 75,6 (8,98)anos. La etiologia fue infecciosa en 44 (88%) y los focos fueron: respiratorio en 29 (66%), urinarioen 8 (18%) y otros en 7. Trece pacientes (32%) presentaron bacteriemia, en 5 casos porStreptococcus pneumoniae, en 4 por Escherichia coli y en 4 por otros. Fallecieron 10 pacientes(20%). La mediana de las determinaciones efectuadas al ingreso fueron: PCR, 6,67 mg/dl(valor normal [VN] < 0,8); TNF-α, 29 pg/ml (VN, 0-20); IL-1β, 7 pg/ml (VN, 0-15), e IL-6, 121pg/ml (VN, 0-5). Los valores al cuarto dia fueron: 4,23 mg/dl, 22 pg/ml, 1 pg/ml y 41 pg/ml,respectivamente. La IL-1β al cuarto dia fue significativamente menor en las mujeres (p =0,019). Los valores iniciales de TNF-α (p = 0,033), IL-1β (p = 0,013) e IL-6 (p = 0,031) fueronsuperiores en los pacientes con bacteriemia. Los valores de IL-6 al cuarto dia fueron superioresen los pacientes que fallecieron (p = 0,006). La segunda determinacion de IL-6 respectoa los valores iniciales en los pacientes que fallecieron fue superior (p = 0,09).

Conclusiones

Los valores iniciales de todas las citocinas fueron superiores en los pacientes conbacteriemia. La existencia de concentraciones elevadas de IL-6 al cuarto día se correlacionócon mal pronóstico.

Palabras clave:
Citocinas
Ancianos
Sepsis
Background and objective

Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1s, IL-6, TNF-α) are excellent predictivefactors of tissue damage, inflammation and infection. However, there is not sufficient dataabout their usefulness in elderly patients with acute septic pathology. Our objectivewas to identify the cytokines related to bacteremia and those that predicted a bad prognosis inelderly patients.

Patients and method

Prospective study carried out during 1999. Patients aged ≥ 60 years withtemperature ≥ 38 °C admitted to the emergency ward. We determined IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α andC-reactive protein (CRP); cultures were done according to the infectious source. On the 4th day,cytokines and CRP were recorded again. The follow-up was completed until cure or death.

Results

50 patients were included (29 males). Median age was 75.6 (SD: 8.98). The etiologywas infectious in 44 (88%): respiratory in 29 (66%), urinary in 8 (18%) and other sources in 7.Thirteen patients had bacteremia (32%): Escherichia coli (4), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5)and others (4). Ten patients died (20%). Median values on admission were CRP : 6.67 mg/dl(NV ≤ 0.8), TNF-α: 29 pg/ml (NV ≥ 0-20), IL-1β: 7 pg/ml (NV ≤ 15) and IL-6: 121 pg/ml (NV .5). 4th day values were: 4.23 mg/dl, 22 pg/ml, 1 pg/ml and 41 pg/ml, respectively. The levels of IL-1b in the 2nd determination were significantly lower in females (p = 0.019). Initial TNF-α (p =0.033), IL-1s (p = 0.013) and IL-6 (p = 0.031) values were significantly higher in bacteremiapatients. IL-6 values on the 4th day were higher in patients who died (p = 0.06). In patients whodied, IL-6 levels were higher in the 2nd determination (p = 0.09).

Conclusions

Median values of all cytokines were higher in the bacteremia population. Patientswho died showed higher levels of IL-6 on the 4th day.

Key words:
Cytokines
Elderly
Septicemia

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