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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) COVID-19 and its implications on the clinico-radiological course of multiple scl...
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Vol. 160. Issue 5.
Pages 187-192 (March 2023)
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Vol. 160. Issue 5.
Pages 187-192 (March 2023)
Original article
COVID-19 and its implications on the clinico-radiological course of multiple sclerosis: A case–control study
COVID-19 y sus implicaciones en el curso clínico-radiológico de la esclerosis múltiple: un estudio de casos y controles
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Mohammad Rahmania, Abdorreza Naser Moghadasib, Shayan Shahic, Sharareh Eskandariehb, Hossein Azizid, Alireza Hasanzadehd, Ali Ahmadzaded, Ali Zare Dehnavie, Ramin Hamidi Farahanif, Mohammad Aminianfarg, Alireza Ranjbar Naeinia,
Corresponding author
ranjbar1382@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
b Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
c Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
d Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
e Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
f Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
g Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Be'sat Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that has been related to several risk factors such as various viral infections. We carried out this study in order to establish a relationship between COVID-19 infection and MS severity.

Methods

In a case–control study, we recruited patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Patients were divided into two groups based on positive COVID-19 PCR at the end of the enrollment phase. Each patient was prospectively followed for 12 months. Demographical, clinical, and past medical history were collected during routine clinical practice. Assessments were performed every six months; MRI was performed at enrollment and 12 months later.

Results

Three hundred and sixty-two patients participated in this study. MS patients with COVID-19 infection had significantly higher increases in the number of MRI lesions (p: 0.019, OR(CI): 6.37(1.54–26.34)) and EDSS scores (p: 0.017), but no difference was found in total annual relapses or relapse rates. COVID-19 infections were positively correlated with EDSS progression (p: 0.02) and the number of new MRI lesions (p: 0.004) and predicted the likelihood of the number of new MRI lesions by an odds of 5.92 (p: 0.018).

Conclusion

COVID-19 may lead to higher disability scores in the RRMS population and is associated with developing new Gd-enhancing lesions in MRI imaging. However, no difference was observed between the groups regarding the number of relapses during follow-up.

Keywords:
COVID-19
Multiple sclerosis
Relapse
Progression
EDSS
Enhancing lesions
Resumen
Antecedentes

La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad inmunomediada que se ha relacionado con varios factores de riesgo, como diversas infecciones virales. Realizamos este estudio para establecer una relación entre la infección por COVID-19 y la gravedad de la EM.

Métodos

En un estudio de casos y controles, reclutamos pacientes con esclerosis múltiple remitente-recurrente (EMRR). Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos según la PCR positiva para COVID-19 al final de la fase de inscripción. Cada paciente fue seguido prospectivamente durante 12 meses. Los antecedentes demográficos, clínicos y médicos anteriores se recogieron durante la práctica clínica habitual. Las evaluaciones se realizaron cada 6 meses. La resonancia magnética se realizó en el momento de la inscripción y 12 meses después.

Resultados

Trescientos sesenta y dos pacientes participaron en este estudio. Los pacientes con EM con infección por COVID-19 tuvieron aumentos significativamente más altos en el número de lesiones de resonancia magnética (p=0,019; OR=6,37 [IC 95%: 1,54-26,34]) y puntajes EDSS (p=0,017), pero no se encontraron diferencias en el total de recaídas anuales o en las tasas de recaída. Las infecciones por COVID-19 se correlacionaron positivamente con la progresión de EDSS (p=0,02) y la cantidad de nuevas lesiones en la resonancia magnética (p=0,004) y predijeron la probabilidad de la cantidad de nuevas lesiones en la resonancia magnética con una probabilidad de 5,92 (p=0,018).

Conclusión

COVID-19 puede conducir a puntajes de discapacidad más altos en la población de EMRR y está asociado con el desarrollo de nuevas lesiones realzadas con Gd en imágenes de resonancia magnética. Sin embargo, no se observó diferencia entre los grupos en cuanto al número de recaídas durante el seguimiento.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Esclerosis múltiple
Recaída
Progresión
EDSS
Realce de lesiones

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