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Original article
Available online 1 November 2024
Drug-induced pancreatitis: Study of 38 patients
Pancreatitis inducidas por fármacos: estudio de 38 pacientes
Adrià Domingo-Carnicea, Dolores Rodrígueza,b,
Corresponding author
, Pilar Ordoñeza, Roser Llopa,b, Silvia Salordc, Pilar Hereua,b
a Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
b Unidad de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología y Terapéutica Experimental, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
c Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
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Figures (2)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Patient characteristics.
Table 2. Characteristics of cases according to whether they had one or more suspected drugs.
Table 3. Drugs and therapeutic groups suspected to cause drug-induced pancreatitis and the group proposed by Baladov et al. (2007)*.
Table 4. Cases considered positive for drug re-exposure.
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Abstract
Introduction

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease with multiple etiologies, and the emergence of complications. Between 0.1%–5% of cases are attributed to drugs. The absence of specific characteristics complicates the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced AP. Reviewing patients admitted with the diagnosis of drug-induced AP can provide information and improve its management.

Patients and methods

This is a descriptive, observational, and retrospective study. All patients admitted to the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB) between June 2007 and March 2023 with suspected drug-induced AP were included. The data were obtained from the HUB pharmacovigilance program database.

Results

Thirty-eight patients with suspected drug-induced AP were identified, representing 0.62% of all adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (n = 6085). Of these, 65.8% (n = 25) had a single suspected drug. The median latency period for the onset of ADRs was 160.5 days (IQR 18–582 days), and the median hospital stay was 5 days (IQR 3–7 days). Fifty-nine suspected drugs were identified, involving 26 active principles. Azathioprine and atorvastatin were the most frequent, with 9 cases each (15.2%), followed by enalapril with 8 cases (13.6%). Drug etiology was assessed in 23 cases (60.5%), and the suspected drug was discontinued in all cases. There was 1 fatal case documented (2.63%).

Conclusion

This study can contribute to better understanding of drug-induced pancreatitis episodes. We propose the creation of a diagnostic algorithm that includes the assessment of the drug as a possible cause.

Keywords:
Acute pancreatitis
Drug-induced pancreatitis
Pharmacovigilance
Adverse drug reaction
Observational study
Aetiology
Resumen
Introducción

La pancreatitis aguda (PA) es una enfermedad inflamatoria con múltiples etiologías y complicaciones. Entre un 0,1%–5% son secundarias a fármacos. La ausencia de características propias complica el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las PA fármaco-inducidas. La revisión de los pacientes ingresados con el diagnóstico de PA atribuida a fármacos puede aportar información y mejorar su abordaje.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB) entre junio de 2007 y marzo de 2023 con la sospecha de PA atribuida a fármaco. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de la base de datos del programa de farmacovigilancia del HUB.

Resultados

Se identificaron 38 pacientes con sospecha de PA inducida por fármacos, un 0,62% del total de reacciones adversas medicamentosas (RAM) (n = 6085). Un 65,8% (n = 25) presentaban un solo fármaco sospechoso. La mediana de la latencia de aparición de la RAM fue de 160,5 días (IQR 18–582 días) y la duración del ingreso de 5 días (IQR 3–7 días). Se identificaron 26 principios activos como sospechosos. Azatioprina y atorvastatina en 9 casos (15,2%) y enalapril en 8 casos (13,6%) fueron los más frecuentes. La etiología farmacológica fue valorada en 23 casos (60,5%) y se retiró el fármaco sospechoso en todos. Se documentó 1 caso mortal (2,63%).

Conclusión

Este estudio puede contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento de los episodios de pancreatitis fármaco-inducidas. Proponemos la creación de un algoritmo diagnóstico en el que se incluye la valoración del fármaco como posible causa.

Palabras clave:
Pancreatitis aguda
Pancreatitis inducida por medicamentos
Farmacovigilancia
Reacción adversa a medicamentos
Estudio observacional
Etiología

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