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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To the Editor:</span>" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "366" "paginaFinal" => "368" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "M. José Zamora-López, M. Victoria Pulián Morais, Rubén Tato Rodríguez, Marta García-Campello" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "M. José" "apellidos" => "Zamora-López" "email" => array:2 [ 0 => "mjzamoralopez@hotmail.com" 1 => "Maria.Jose.Zamora.Lopez@sergas.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M. Victoria" "apellidos" => "Pulián Morais" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rubén" "apellidos" => "Tato Rodríguez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marta" "apellidos" => "García-Campello" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Listeriosis invasiva en la provincia de Pontevedra: ¿objetivo de vigilancia epidemiológica?" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Listeriosis is a serious invasive disease, transmitted to humans through contaminated food. It mainly affects infants, pregnant women, people with cell immunosuppression and those over 60 years of age.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> The most common clinical manifestations are: sepsis, meningitis and encephalitis, with an associated mortality rate of between 20% and 30%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In pregnant women it can cause abortion or stillbirth, so discarding this bacterium is advised in the third trimester when a flu-like illness presents itself.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In healthy adults, however, it is usually associated with fever and intestinal symptoms after consuming large amounts of food containing such a microorganism,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and also it is estimated that 5% of the population is faecal carrier.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Other routes of infection include vertical transmission from mother to child through the placenta or through aspiration as it passes through the birth canal.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years the susceptible population has increased,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> mainly due to two factors: increased life expectancy and expectation in immunocompromised patients. Although in the USA the incidence appears to have decreased (0.4 cases/10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> inhabitants-year) in Europe it has been increasing since 2009, countries such as Germany and France have declared 330 and 282 cases per year, respectively, in 2011, with an incidence of 0.40 and 0.43/10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> inhabitants-year, reaching a peak incidence of 0.88 cases/10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> inhabitants-year in Denmark<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>. Among the studies published in our country, none exceeds an incidence of one case/10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> inhabitants-year.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Spain, cases of listeriosis are known through the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (SIM), contained in the annual reports of the Carlos III Health Institute. In 2009 130 cases were reported. A downward trend is observed until 2011 (114 cases), which increases again in subsequent years, reaching a maximum of 137 notified cases in 2013. In all these years, the number of cases is still above the ones declared between 2005 and 2008, period which does not exceed 90 cases per year.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> It is considered a rare disease and, as such, is included in ORPHANET, the European Consortium for Orphan Drugs and Rare Diseases. Spain is among the few European countries where, until now, listeriosis is not included in the system of Notifiable Diseases (EDO),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> so we are talking about a voluntary declaration disease. Usually no serotyping of strains is performed, and this is an obstacle to properly studying possible outbreaks and epidemiology. As a result, there is no real impact number.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this paper is to describe epidemiologically and clinically different cases of invasive listeriosis detected in our hospital in a period of five years (January 2009–December 2013), and to determine the incidence of this organism in our health area. A retrospective study of diagnosed cases is performed by the Microbiology Department of the Hospital of Pontevedra, which is part of the Integrated Management Health Area of Pontevedra and O Salnés. SIM, the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, the Epidemiological Bulletin of Galicia and the European Committee for Food Security are used as information sources. Incidence rates are calculated per 100,000 inhabitants-year using as denominator the population published and updated by the National Institute of Statistics (<a id="intr0010" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.ine.es/">www.ine.es</a>). The following variables are collected: reporting year, age, sex, length of stay, predisposing factors, clinical presentation, underlying disease, type of sample in which the microorganism is isolated, antibiotic sensitivity, treatment, evolution and serotype of the isolated strain, the latter, in cases in which this was studied (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). A case is considered confirmed when someone has symptoms consistent with the disease, and also presents a clinical specimen (blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid) with laboratory confirmation.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 15 isolates of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes)</span> are collected in 15 patients. The largest number of cases was recorded in 2013 (8/15). A total of 13 patients had an underlying disease (86.67%). As for comorbidities, 33.33% (5/15) were cancer patients, 20% (3/15) had heart problems and 13.33% (2/15) were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. No cases were detected in infants and/or pregnant women; one of the cases came from the Paediatrics Department. The age range was 0.6–83 years, with a mean age of 64.11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21.55 years and a male predominance (53.33%, 8/15). The most severe clinical manifestations were acute meningoencephalitis and encephalitis. Fever was the most common symptom (73.33%, 11/15). Diagnostic samples were blood in 86.67% (13/15) of cases and cerebrospinal fluid in 13.33% (2/15). All strains were sensitive to ampicillin (AMP), gentamicin (GEN) and cotrimoxazole (SXT). Targeted treatment included AMP in 10 (66.67%) cases, often in combination with GEN (46.67%). All treated patients developed favourably. In strains where the serotype (7/15) was studied, 1/2a was the most prevalent. The number of cases reported were: one in 2009, 3 in 2010, one in 2011, 2 in 2012 and 8 in 2013. The average incidence rate in the community of Pontevedra in the 2009–2013 period was 1.5617 cases/10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> inhabitants.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our health area, an increase in the frequency of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">L. monocytogenes</span> isolation was observed, especially during the last year. Infection with this microorganism is not uncommon, and may be under-reported basically because of its exclusion from the EDO system and the lack of official records. In our study, AMP was the treatment of choice, associated in most cases to GEN. Other antibiotics like clarithromycin or SXT, were administered as monotherapy in patients who, despite isolation, presented a favourable progression after 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h with no apparent serious symptoms. Mortality could not be related to the lack of treatment in 2 patients who died because of the complicated underlying disease and the many associated risk factors.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently there are few studies on the overall incidence of invasive listeriosis. At European level, of the 1516 cases confirmed in the latest report published in 2011 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)</span>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> the majority (867, 57%) were people over 65 years of age. Especially significant was the case of Germany, which in 2001 changed its reporting system, from voluntary to mandatory, consequently increasing reported cases from 33 in 2000 to 216 in 2001,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and it is possible that if listeriosis was a notifiable disease in Spain, a similar situation to that of Germany would occur here. In our country, a study conducted at national level between 2001 and 2007, described 151 cases in the Community of Galicia, with A Coruña being the province with the highest number of cases (45.70%), followed by Pontevedra (27.81), Lugo (14.57) and Ourense (11.92%), an increase of 19% in the incidence per year.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Taking into account the notifications made at national level in recent years, an increase in case reporting is observed: 78 in 2005, 80 in 2006, 82 in 2007, 88 in 2008, 130 in 2009, 129 in 2010, 114 in 2011, 130 in 2012 and 137 in 2013. The incidence in our area during the 2009–2013 period remains less than 1/100,000 inhabitants-year, coinciding with other bibliographic data.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,6</span></a> Specifically, the maximum was reached in 2013, with the notification of 8 cases and an incidence of 0.8377/10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> inhabitants-year.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, cases of listeriosis reported in the national registry and the regional registry rarely coincide. Factors that may influence this data variation come from the lack of epidemiological variables among different communities. There is not a homogeneous definition regarding a confirmed case and a probable case, therefore it is necessary to improve the resources and means of epidemiologic surveillance that allow the investigation of foodborne outbreaks, knowing the risk factors that cause their emergence and development, its frequency and trend in the population. The incidence has not decreased, in fact, it has increased in the past year in our health area, keeping in line with other studies, a fact that would support the inclusion of listeriosis in EDO (System of Notifiable Diseases) in Spain, as in most European countries.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Zamora-López MJ, Pulián Morais MV, Tato Rodríguez R, García-Campello M, Listeriosis invasiva en la provincia de Pontevedra: ¿objetivo de vigilancia epidemiológica? Med Clin (Barc). 2015;145:366–368.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AMP: ampicillin; CLR: clarithromycin; Ma: malaise; HD: hepatic decompensation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GEN: gentamicin; AHF: acute heart failure; IMM: immunosuppression; RF: respiratory failure; MA: acute meningoencephalitis; MEM: meropenem; PM: pacemaker; FS: febrile syndrome; SXT: cotrimoxazole.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Case \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex (F/M) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hospital stay (days) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Predisposing factors \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Presentation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sample \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Antibiotic treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Progression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensitivity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Serotype \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2013 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ACI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS, Ma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GEN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Endometrial malignancy, obesity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CLR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Hepatic cirrhosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS, diarrhoea, dyspnoea \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1/2a, 3a \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Obesity, PM, COPD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS, Ma, RF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GEN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1/2a, 3a \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Hepatic cirrhosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS, HD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1/2a, 3a \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Thrombosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS, Ma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GEN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4b, 4d, 4e \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Colitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diarrhoea, Ma, anaemia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Breast neoplasm, metastasis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Vomiting, disorientation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Death \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4b, 4d, 4e \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="12" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2012 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sarcoidosis, IMM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Facial paralysis, headache \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GEN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Not listed \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS, MA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CSF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GEN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="12" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Rectal neoplasia, rheumatoid arthritis, IMM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS, diarrhoea, anaemia, Ma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GEN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1/2b \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="12" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Not listed \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CSF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lung neoplasm, metastasis, IMM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Ma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Death \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, MEM, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1/2a \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lymphoma B, IMM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP, GEN, VAN, SXT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="12" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">n15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes, PM, heart transplant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">FS, nausea, vomiting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Blood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AMP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GEN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Favourable 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Journal Information
Vol. 145. Issue 8.
Pages 366-368 (October 2015)
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Vol. 145. Issue 8.
Pages 366-368 (October 2015)
Scientific letter
Invasive listeriosis in Pontevedra province, Spain: Target of epidemiological surveillance?
Listeriosis invasiva en la provincia de Pontevedra: ¿objetivo de vigilancia epidemiológica?
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M. José Zamora-López
, M. Victoria Pulián Morais, Rubén Tato Rodríguez, Marta García-Campello
Corresponding author
Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
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