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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Vaccines against monkeypox
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Vol. 160. Issue 7.
Pages 305-309 (April 2023)
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Vol. 160. Issue 7.
Pages 305-309 (April 2023)
Review
Vaccines against monkeypox
Vacunas frente a la viruela del mono (monkeypox)
Jordi Reina
Corresponding author
jorge.reina@ssib.es

Corresponding author.
, Carla Iglesias
Unidad de Virología, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidat Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Abstract

The monkeypox virus is a virus that has 90% genomic homology with the human (smallpox), but it is naturally transmitted between different wild animal reservoirs and is considered a zoonosis. Throughout the 20th century, different vaccines based on the vaccinia poxvirus were developed and used for vaccination against smallpox. After the eradication of smallpox, these vaccines were no longer used. Current vaccines against monkeypox virus are classified by the WHO as replicative (ACAM2000), minimally replicative (LC16m8) and non-replicative (MVA-BN), the latter being the one currently used. The 2022 extra-African monkeypox virus epidemic has highlighted the lack of vaccines with proven efficacy and low reactogenicity. It is considered that the use of this vaccine in the current outbreak may play a role in the prevention or attenuation of the disease as pre-exposure prophylaxis in close contacts of confirmed cases.

Keywords:
Monkeypox virus
Vaccines
Vaccination
Resumen

El virus de la viruela de los monos es un virus que presenta un 90% de homología genómica con el humano (smallpox), pero se trasmite de forma natural entre diferentes reservorios animales salvajes y es considerado una zoonosis. A lo largo del siglo XX se desarrollaron diferentes vacunas basadas en el poxvirus vaccinia que fueron utilizadas para la vacunación frente a la viruela humana. Tras la erradicación de la viruela humana estas vacunas dejaron de utilizarse. Las vacunas actuales frente a la viruela de los monos se clasifican por la OMS como replicativas (ACAM2000), mínimamente replicativas (LC16m8) y no replicativas (MVA-BN), siendo esta última la utilizada en la actualidad. La epidemia extraafricana de viruela de los monos de 2022 ha puesto en evidencia la falta de vacunas de eficacia demostrada y de baja reactogenicidad. Se considera que la utilización de esta vacuna en el brote actual puede desempeñar un papel en la prevención o atenuación de la enfermedad como profilaxis preexposición en contactos estrechos de casos confirmados.

Palabras clave:
Viruela del mono
Vacunas
Vacunación

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