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Inicio Radiología La imagen del seudoaneurisma: claves diagnósticas, causas y complicaciones
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Radiología en Imágenes
Available online 9 September 2024
La imagen del seudoaneurisma: claves diagnósticas, causas y complicaciones
Imaging of Pseudoaneurysms: Key Diagnostic Findings, Causes and Complications
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D. Moreno Real
Corresponding author
danielmorenoreal@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, D. de Araújo Martins-Romêo
Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
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Resumen

Los seudoaneurismas son lesiones vasculares frecuentes que resultan como complicación de iatrogenia, traumatismos, procesos inflamatorios y tumorales. Pueden originarse en arterias viscerales toracoabdominales o periféricas. La angiografía por tomografía computarizada (angioTC) es la técnica de imagen de elección para su confirmación diagnóstica, valoración de complicaciones y planificación terapéutica. La ecografía Doppler se utiliza inicialmente en arterias periféricas accesibles. Las complicaciones de los seudoaneurismas pueden ser potencialmente graves, principalmente su rotura, por lo que su diagnóstico precoz y su diferenciación con otras afecciones resulta fundamental para orientar el tratamiento. El objetivo de este manuscrito es representar la imagen del seudoaneurisma en diferentes localizaciones según su etiología, así como revisar las técnicas de imagen, protocolos de estudio y claves diagnósticas. Se abordarán sus complicaciones, prestando especial atención a aquellas que requieran de una actitud terapéutica emergente.

Palabras clave:
Seudoaneurisma
Arterias
Ecografía Doppler
Angiografía por tomografía computarizada
Abstract

Pseudoaneurysms are common vascular lesions that result from medical intervention complications, trauma, or processes associated with inflammation or tumours. They can originate in thoracic, abdominal or peripheral visceral arteries. Computed tomography angiography (CT angiography) is the imaging technique of choice for diagnostic confirmation, assessment of complications and treatment planning. Doppler ultrasound is initially used in accessible peripheral arteries. Complications with pseudoaneurysms can be serious, and this is especially true in the case of rupture. Therefore, an early diagnosis and the ruling out of other pathologies is essential to guide treatment. The objective of this manuscript is to show how pseudoaneurysms appear in different locations depending on their aetiology. We will also review the imaging techniques, study protocols, key diagnostic features, and complications, with a focus on those complications that require an emergent therapeutic attitude.

Keywords:
Pseudoaneurysm
Arteries
Doppler ultrasonography
Computed tomography angiography

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