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Vol. 63. Issue 3.
Pages 236-244 (May - June 2021)
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Vol. 63. Issue 3.
Pages 236-244 (May - June 2021)
Update in Radiology
Are artificial intelligence systems useful in breast cancer screening programmes?
¿Son los sistemas de inteligencia artificial una herramienta útil para los programas de cribado de cáncer de mama?
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O. Díaza, A. Rodríguez-Ruizb, A. Gubern-Méridab, R. Martíc, M. Chevalierd,e,
Corresponding author
chevalie@ucm.es

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Matemáticas e Informática, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b ScreenPoint Medical BV, Nijmegen, Netherlands
c Instituto de Visión Artificial y Robótica (VICOROB), Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
d Física Médica, Departamento de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Population-based breast cancer screening programmes are efficacious in reducing the mortality due to breast cancer. These programmes use mammography to screen the women who are invited to participate. Digital mammography makes it possible to develop computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems that promise to reduce the workload of radiologists participating in screening programmes. However, various studies have shown that CAD results in a high rate of false positive diagnoses. Systems based on artificial intelligence are being more widely implemented, and studies have shown that these systems have better diagnostic performance than traditional CAD systems.

This article explains the fundamentals of artificial intelligence systems and an overview of possible applications of these systems within the framework of breast cancer screening programmes.

Keywords:
Mammography
Artificial intelligence
Deep learning
CAD
Breast cancer screening
Resumen

Los programas poblacionales de detección precoz del cáncer de mama (PDPCM) contribuyen eficazmente a la reducción de la mortalidad debida a esta patología. Estos programas usan la mamografía para el seguimiento de las mujeres invitadas a participar. La mamografía digital posibilitó el desarrollo de sistemas de diagnóstico asistido por ordenador (CAD) con importantes expectativas para reducir la carga de trabajo de los radiólogos participantes en dichos programas. Distintas investigaciones evidenciaron la obtención de un número importante de falsos positivos con los CAD. La creciente implementación de sistemas basados en inteligencia artificial ha propiciado el desarrollo de investigaciones sobre su rendimiento en mamografía que muestran su superioridad frente a los CAD tradicionales. En este artículo se describen los fundamentos de los sistemas de inteligencia artificial y se aporta una panorámica de sus posibles aplicaciones en el marco de los programas de cribado de mama.

Palabras clave:
Mamografía
Inteligencia artificial
Aprendizaje profundo
CAD
Cribado de cáncer de mama

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