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Inicio Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Role of adjuvants in regional anesthesia: A systematic review
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Vol. 70. Issue 2.
Pages 97-107 (February 2023)
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Vol. 70. Issue 2.
Pages 97-107 (February 2023)
Review
Role of adjuvants in regional anesthesia: A systematic review
Papel de los coadyuvantes en la anestesia regional: revisión sistemática
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10
M.T. Fernández Martina,
Corresponding author
maitefm70@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, S. Alvarez Lopezb, C. Aldecoa Alvarez-Santullanoa
a Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
b Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Abente y Lago, A Coruña, Spain
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Abstract

The combination of drugs and routes of administration produces a synergistic effect, and one of the most important components of multimodal analgesic strategies are, therefore, nerve blocks for pain management. The effect of a local anaesthetic can be prolonged by administering an adjuvant. In this systematic review, we included studies on adjuvants associated with local anaesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks published in the last 5 years in order to evaluate their effectiveness. The results were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. The 79 studies selected using our criteria showed a clear prevalence of dexamethasone (n=24) and dexmedetomidine (n=33) over other adjuvants. Different meta-analyses comparing adjuvants suggest that dexamethasone administered perineurally achieves superior blockade with fewer side effects than dexmedetomidine. Based on the studies reviewed, we found moderate evidence to recommend the use of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to peripheral regional anaesthesia in surgeries that can cause moderate to severe pain.

Keywords:
Adjuvants
Regional anaesthesia
Peripheral nerve block
Local anaesthetic
Postoperative pain
Opioids
Resumen

La combinación de fármacos y vías de administración consigue un efecto sinérgico, por eso las estrategias analgésicas multimodales incorporan bloqueos periféricos como componente imprescindible para un buen control del dolor. La asociación de un coadyuvante al anestésico local prolongaría su efecto. Esta revisión sistemática ha incluido estudios sobre coadyuvantes asociados a anestésicos locales en bloqueos periféricos publicados en los últimos 5años. El objetivo principal ha sido evaluar su eficacia. Los resultados de la búsqueda se informaron de acuerdo con los elementos PRISMA. Los 79 artículos seleccionados según criterios, mostraron una clara prevalencia de dexametasona (n=24) y dexmedetomidina (n=33) sobre los demás coadyuvantes. Diferentes metaanálisis comparando coadyuvantes sugieren un bloqueo de características superiores y menores efectos adversos con dexametasona versus dexmedetomidina perineuralmente. En base a los estudios encontramos una evidencia moderada en el empleo de dexametasona como coadyuvante de la anestesia regional periférica en cirugías que generen dolor moderado- severo, lo que haría recomendable su empleo.

Palabras clave:
Coadyuvantes
Anestesia regional
Bloqueo nervioso periférico
Anestésicos locales
Dolor postoperatorio
Opioides

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