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Inicio Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación Un mecanismo nefrogénico subyace a la poliuria inducida por dexmedetomidina: in...
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Vol. 71. Issue 4.
Pages 332-338 (April 2024)
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Vol. 71. Issue 4.
Pages 332-338 (April 2024)
Caso clínico
Un mecanismo nefrogénico subyace a la poliuria inducida por dexmedetomidina: informe de un caso
Nephrogenic mechanism underlies dexmedetomidine-induced polyuria: A case report
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126
L. Vaz Rodriguesa,
Corresponding author
marialuisa.vazrodrigues@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, D. Rorizb, F.S. Seixasa, S. Marinhoc, P.R. Ferreirad
a Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
b Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro E.P.E., Vila Real, Portugal
c Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
d Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Tabla 1. Valores plasmáticos y urinarios obtenidos en los periodos pre, intra y/o postoperatorios (inmediatamente tras la cirugía, a las 24h/D1 y 48h/D2)
Resumen

La dexmedetomidina, agonista del adrenorreceptor α, se utiliza cada vez más como agente sedativo-hipnótico y analgésico, aunque su popularidad suscita preocupación acerca de los efectos secundarios de dicho fármaco.

La bradicardia y la hipotensión son efectos adversos comunes, pero también existen diversos informes de gasto urinario excesivo, posiblemente debido a la secreción de vasopresina y a la permeabilidad de los conductos colectores.

La poliuria se resuelve normalmente con la discontinuación del fármaco, no habiéndose reportado morbilidad significativa. La identificación temprana, la eliminación del agente y el tratamiento son imperativos para minimizar las complicaciones, principalmente natremia y síntomas neurológicos.

Este informe de caso describe la poliuria relacionada con dexmedetomidina durante la anestesia general libre de opioides para cirugía mayor de cabeza y cuello. Nuestra hipótesis de etiología nefrogénica se ve reforzada por los datos analíticos obtenidos. También describimos cómo abordar la poliuria intraoperatoria.

Palabras clave:
Dexmedetomidina
Poliuria
Farmacología
Abstract

Dexmedetomidine's α-adrenoreceptor agonism has been gaining popularity in the anesthetic room as a sedative-hypnotic and analgesic agent, and with extensive perioperative use rising concern about side effects is necessary.

Bradycardia and hypotension are common but excessive urine output is increasingly reported, suggested mechanisms being vasopressin secretion and increasing permeability of the collecting ducts.

Polyuria usually resolves with discontinuation of the drug and significant morbidity has not been reported. Early identification, removal of agent and treatment are imperative to minimize complications, mainly associated with natremia levels and neurological symptoms.

This case report describes a dexmedetomidine-related polyuric syndrome during opioid-free general anesthesia for major head and neck surgery. A nephrogenic mechanism for the clinical effect is proposed and reinforced by analytical data obtained. An intra-operative polyuria approach is also delineated.

Keywords:
Dexmedetomidine
Polyuria
Pharmacology

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