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Case report
Available online 25 November 2024
Anesthetic management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension during pregnancy. A case report
Hipertensión intracraneal idiopática durante la gestación. A propósito de un caso
D. Revueltaa, M. López-Baamondea, M. Vendrella, A. Plazaa, T. Cobob, M. Magaldia,
Corresponding author
mmagaldi@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Modified Dandy-Smith criteria.
Abstract

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown etiology, more prevalent in obese women of childbearing age. The management of IIH during pregnancy represents a multidisciplinary challenge, as medical treatment is contentious due to the foetal teratogenic risk, and the technically challenging placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is hindered by the presence of the pregnant uterus. The goal of anaesthetic management during childbirth is to maintain hemodynamic stability, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral tissue oxygenation, while avoiding abrupt fluctuations in intracranial pressure. The choice of anaesthetic technique is complex and depends on the assessment of risks and benefits associated with each technique, involving a decision between neuraxial anaesthesia and general anaesthesia.

We present the case of a pregnant woman with rapidly progressing IIH, approached in a multidisciplinary manner, whose anaesthetic management was technically challenging, resulting in a favourable outcome without subsequent complications.

Keywords:
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Pregnancy
Obstetrical anesthesia
Spinal anesthesia
Neurosurgical procedures
Resumen

La hipertensión intracraneal idiopática (HII) es una afección que consiste en una elevada presión intracraneal (PIC) de etiología desconocida, más frecuente en mujeres obesas en edad fértil. El manejo durante la gestación supone un reto multidisciplinario, siendo el tratamiento médico controvertido debido al riesgo teratogénico fetal y la colocación de una derivación ventrículo-peritoneal técnicamente difícil debido al útero gestante. El objetivo del manejo anestésico durante el parto consiste en mantener la estabilidad hemodinámica, la presión de perfusión cerebral y la oxigenación del tejido cerebral, evitando aumentos bruscos de la PIC. La elección de la técnica anestésica es compleja y dependerá de los riesgos y beneficios que nos aporte cada técnica, optando entre la anestesia neuroaxial y la anestesia general.

Presentamos el caso de una gestante con HII de rápida evolución que se abordó de forma multidisciplinaria, cuyo manejo anestésico fue técnicamente dificultoso, evolucionando favorablemente y sin complicaciones posteriores.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión intracraneal idiopática
Gestación
Anestesia obstétrica
Anestesia espinal
Procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos

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