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Inicio Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Preoperative coagulation tests: A narrative review of current guidelines
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Vol. 71. Issue 10.
Pages 740-747 (December 2024)
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Vol. 71. Issue 10.
Pages 740-747 (December 2024)
Original article
Preoperative coagulation tests: A narrative review of current guidelines
Pruebas de hemostasia preoperatorias: una revisión narrativa de las guías existentes
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J.L. Jover Pinillosa,
Corresponding author
jljover@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, R. Ferrandis Comesb, D. Zamudio Penkoc, M. Bermúdez Lópezd, M. Basora Macayae, M.J. Colomina Solerf
a Servicio Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital «Verge dels Lliris», Alcoy, Alicante, Spain
b Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación, Hospital Clínic Universitari La Fe, Valencia, Spain
c Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación, Fundación Hospital Universitario Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
e Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic Universitari Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
f Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínic Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Factors to be considered before ordering coagulation tests, according to the guidelines reviewed. In green: MUST be considered; Red-Green: No data for or against; Red: SHOULD NOT be considered; White: Not mentioned in guidelines, no evidence either for nor against consideration. SISET: Italian society for the study of hemostasis and thrombosis. SEDAR: Spanish Society of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Pain Therapy. SFAR: French Society of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation. NICE: National Institute for Clinical Excellence. ESAIC: European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care. ASA American Society of Anesthesiology. AuSA: Austrian Society of Anaesthesiology: CSA Canadian Society of Anesthesiology. ChSA: Chilean Society of Anaesthesiology ANZCA: Australian and New Zealand Society of Anaesthesiology.
Table 2. HEMSTOP Preoperative Hemostatic Assessment Questionnaire.
Table 3. The main causes of alterations in basic coagulation tests are shown.
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Abstract
Introduction

Hemostasis tests are traditionally requested for all patients requiring any surgical act or invasive diagnostic-therapeutic procedure to prevent hemorrhagic complications. The aim of this study is to assess the necessity of requesting standard pre-procedure hemostasis tests.

Methodology

A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed data-base. Search terms included «Hemostasis» or «Blood coagulation» in combination with «Preoperative care», «Preoperative period», or «Preoperative procedure». Additionally, a targeted search was performed to find recommendations from international societies related to the topic.

Results

A total of 233 articles were found, 17 were pre-selected, and after full-text evaluation, 14 relevant articles were identified. The targeted search yielded an additional 12 articles.

The request for tests should be individualized according to the clinical history. Standardized screening questionnaires for hemostasis disorders are useful and complement the aforementioned approach. Factors such as age, ASA classification, bleeding potential-complexity of the procedure, and anesthetic technique may influence their request.

Discussion

The incidence of hemostasis disorders in the general population is very low, and these can mostly be detected through clinical history. Thus, it is the clinical history that should guide the need for laboratory test requests.

Conclusions

Preoperative hemostasis tests should not be indiscriminately requested for all patients needing an intervention or invasive diagnostic-therapeutic procedure, but rather when there are doubts about their hemostatic competence or as advised by the nature of the procedure they are undergoing.

Keywords:
Perioperative medicine
Haemostasis
Preoperative
Resumen
Introducción

Tradicionalmente, se solicitan pruebas de hemostasia a todo paciente que requiere cualquier acto quirúrgico o procedimiento diagnóstico-terapéutico invasivo tratando evitar complicaciones hemorrágicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es valorar la necesidad de solicitar pruebas de hemostasia estándar pre-procedimiento.

Metodología

Revisión bibliográfica narrativa mediante la base de datos PubMed. Los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron: «hemostasis» o «blood coagulation» en combinación con«preoperative care» o «preoperative period» o «preoperative procedure». De forma complementaria, se realizó una búsqueda dirigida a encontrar recomendaciones de sociedades internacionales relacionados con el tema.

Resultados

Se encontraron 233 artículos, se preseleccionaron 17 y, tras su evaluación a texto completo, se obtuvieron 14 artículos relevantes. La búsqueda dirigida proporcionó 12 artículos adicionales.

La solicitud de pruebas debe ser individualizada de acuerdo con la historia clínica. Los cuestionarios estandarizados de cribaje de alteraciones de la hemostasia son útiles y complementan a la anterior. Factores como La edad, ASA, complejidad-potencialidad de sangrado del procedimiento y técnica anestésica pueden influir en su solicitud.

Discusión

Las alteraciones de la hemostasia en la población general son muy bajas y estas pueden ser detectadas en su mayoría mediante la historia clínica. De esta forma, es esta la que debe guiar la necesidad de solicitud de pruebas de laboratorio.

Conclusiones

Las pruebas de hemostasia preoperatorias no deben solicitarse de forma indiscriminada a todo paciente que precisa una intervención o procedimiento diagnóstico-terapéutico invasivo, sino cuando existan dudas sobre su competencia hemostásica o así sea aconsejable por el tipo de procedimiento a que se someten.

Palabras clave:
Medicina perioperatoria
Hemostasia
Preoperatorio

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