was read the article
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2341192920301050" "issn" => "23411929" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2020.03.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-08-01" "aid" => "1152" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2020;67:381-90" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0034935620301146" "issn" => "00349356" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2020.03.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-08-01" "aid" => "1152" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2020;67:381-90" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Práctica actual de la inducción de secuencia rápida en adultos: una encuesta nacional entre anestesiólogos en España" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "381" "paginaFinal" => "390" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Current practice of rapid sequence induction in adults: A national survey among anesthesiologists in Spain" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figura 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1541 "Ancho" => 2083 "Tamanyo" => 269577 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Medicamentos administrados en ISR.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J.A. Sastre, T. López, M.A. Gómez-Ríos, J.C. Garzón, M.L. Mariscal, E. Martínez-Hurtado, M. Freire-Otero, J.M. Redondo, G. Gómez, M. Casalderrey-Rivas" "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Sastre" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "López" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Gómez-Ríos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Garzón" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "Mariscal" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Martínez-Hurtado" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Freire-Otero" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Redondo" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Gómez" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Casalderrey-Rivas" ] 10 => array:1 [ "colaborador" => "el Grupo de Estudio en ISR" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2341192920301050" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2020.03.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192920301050?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034935620301146?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/00349356/0000006700000007/v2_202009081646/S0034935620301146/v2_202009081646/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2341192920300998" "issn" => "23411929" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2020.05.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-08-01" "aid" => "1160" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "pgl" "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2020;67:391-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">CONSENSUS STATEMENT</span>" "titulo" => "SEDAR-SEMICYUC consensus recommendations on the management of haemostasis disorders in severely ill patients with COVID-19 infection" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "391" "paginaFinal" => "399" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Recomendaciones de consenso SEDAR-SEMICYUC sobre el manejo de las alteraciones de la hemostasia en los pacientes graves con infección por COVID-19" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2343 "Ancho" => 3167 "Tamanyo" => 455776 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Outline of thromboprophylaxis and management of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs in patients with COVID-19 infection.</p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; AF: atrial fibrillation; AVK: antivitamin K; DD: <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">d</span>-dimer; DOA: direct oral anticoagulant; FIB: fibrinogen; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; HIT: heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia; IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation; LMWH: low molecular weight heparin; NR: normal range; NIMV: non-invasive mechanical ventilation; UFH: unfractionated heparin; VTE: venous thromboembolism.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J.V. Llau, R. Ferrandis, P. Sierra, F. Hidalgo, C. Cassinello, A. Gómez-Luque, M. Quintana, R. Amezaga, M. Gero, A. Serrano, P. Marcos" "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.V." "apellidos" => "Llau" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Ferrandis" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Sierra" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Hidalgo" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Cassinello" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Gómez-Luque" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Quintana" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Amezaga" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Gero" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Serrano" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Marcos" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0034935620301237" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2020.05.007" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034935620301237?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192920300998?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23411929/0000006700000007/v1_202009130733/S2341192920300998/v1_202009130733/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2341192920301013" "issn" => "23411929" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2019.10.011" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-08-01" "aid" => "1128" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2020;67:374-80" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Gender differences in Anaesthesiology. At what point do we find ourselves in Spain? Results from a Spanish survey" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "374" "paginaFinal" => "380" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Gender disparities in anaesthesia: results from a Spanish survey" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Aliaño, G. Franco, F. Gilsanz" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Aliaño" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Franco" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Gilsanz" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0034935620300505" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2019.10.012" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034935620300505?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192920301013?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23411929/0000006700000007/v1_202009130733/S2341192920301013/v1_202009130733/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:22 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Current practice of rapid sequence induction in adults: A national survey among anesthesiologists in Spain" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "381" "paginaFinal" => "390" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J.A. Sastre, T. López, M.A. Gómez-Ríos, J.C. Garzón, M.L. Mariscal, E. Martínez-Hurtado, M. Freire-Otero, J.M. Redondo, G. Gómez, M. Casalderrey-Rivas" "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Sastre" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jasastre@saludcastillayleon.es" ] "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i</span>" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "López" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Gómez-Ríos" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Garzón" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "Mariscal" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Martínez-Hurtado" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Freire-Otero" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Redondo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Gómez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Casalderrey-Rivas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] 10 => array:2 [ "colaborador" => "the ISR Study Group" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>" "identificador" => "fn0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Anestesia y Medicina Perioperatoria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Mallorca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Grupo Español de Vía Aérea Difícil (GEVAD), Spain" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 8 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Difficult Airway Society, UK" "etiqueta" => "i" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Práctica actual de la inducción de secuencia rápida en adultos: una encuesta nacional entre anestesiólogos en España" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3293 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 433035 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preparation for RSI. NGT: nasogastric tube.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rapid sequence induction (RSI) was initially described by Stept and Safar in 1970. The original method consisted of 15 steps to reduce the risk of aspiration of gastric contents during induction of general anaesthesia in patients with full stomachs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> "Classical" RSI consists of: pre-oxygenation for at least 2 min, stomach decompression with a nasogastric tube (NGT), head elevation, precurarization, rapid administration of a hypnotic followed immediately by succinylcholine, application of cricoid pressure (CP) and absence of ventilation until insertion of the tracheal tube.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The few studies carried out in the past 10 years have shown that the clinical practice and components of RSI vary considerably among anaesthesiologists,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–5</span></a> and have attributed this to various different factors, such as the absence of universally accepted RSI management guidelines, the controversy currently surrounding some steps (for example, the effectiveness of CP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6–8</span></a> or the most suitable patient position during induction), and the introduction of new drugs and technology (for example, sugammadex, ultrasound to quantify gastric content, Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange [THRIVE] for pre-oxygenation).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9–11</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current situation in Spain, however, remains unknown, although we hypothesise that clinical practice in our setting varies to a similar extent to that described in the foregoing studies. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical practice of RSI among Spanish anaesthesiologists. Secondary objectives include evaluating the factors that may be causing such variability and comparing the results with other approaches used in other countries.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain (Ethics Committee approval number PI 2018.11.132).</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first 4 study authors developed a pilot questionnaire. The questions were selected, drafted and validated on the basis of the comments received after evaluating several drafts distributed to members of the Spanish Difficult Airway Group (GEVAD). The final version consisted of 31 questions that addressed the following topics: demographic factors, premedication used to reduce the risk of aspiration, the use of an NGT, patient positioning, pre-oxygenation technique, application of CP, and anaesthetic agents used (Additional Appendix <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0045">B</a> material, Annex 1). The survey was sent to anaesthesiologists practising in public hospitals in Spain; anaesthesiology residents and anaesthesiologists involved exclusively in post-anaesthesia care and critical care units or paediatric anaesthesia were excluded. A group of 26 professionals with experience in difficult airway management (RSI Study Group) was formed to disseminate the survey among the Spanish autonomous communities. They were asked to email the questionnaire to 1500 anaesthesiologists working in public hospitals in their region (randomly selected from the lists of emails of members of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology [SEDAR] available in each autonomous community), using Google Forms (available at: <a href="https://forms.gle/4tH2Gap5zDcgv5VG6">https://forms.gle/4tH2Gap5zDcgv5VG6</a>), accompanied by a cover letter. Email recipients were randomised using Epidat 3.1 (General Directorate of Public Health, Xunta de Galicia, Spain). A second email was sent 2 weeks later if no response was received. The survey was conducted between February 15 and April 15, 2019. All the data obtained were processed anonymously to safeguard confidentiality.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc statistic® version 18.9.1 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium). Data are shown as frequencies and percentages. Respondents were grouped according to their experience in the specialty (less or more than 10 years) and the complexity of the hospital where they worked (≤secondary or higher) to facilitate statistical comparisons. Variables were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The response rate was 66.6% (n = 1002) of anaesthesiologists polled (this represents almost 15.89% of all anaesthesiologists working in public hospitals in Spain).</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample consisted of anaesthesiologists with varying degrees of experience, working mainly in tertiary level university hospitals. Respondent demographics are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. These variables significantly affected different items in the survey (see additional information, Table S1).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results obtained for each item varied widely. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1 and 2</a> show the results of the questions on preoperative evaluation/reduction of gastric contents and the procedure used in this respect, respectively.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main indications for anti-aspiration prophylaxis, according to respondents, are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. Up to 40.3% of respondents described cases of aspiration despite having performed CP. The percentage of patients presenting aspiration was similar between anaesthesiologists who performed the Sellick manoeuvre before loss of consciousness (38.9%), after (44.7%), and those who did not apply the manoeuvre (42.5%) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> = .28).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respondents confirmed that they assessed the efficacy of pre-oxygenation by pulse oximetry (SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) (31.3%, n = 313), end tidal O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ≈ 90% (25.4%, n = 255), capnography (6.18%, n = 62), the pressure-volume curve (0.99%, n = 10), the oxygen reserve index (ORI) (0.49%, n = 5), time (0.49%, n = 5), end tidal N<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> (0.19%, n = 2) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) (0.09%, n = 1); 2 respondents (0.19%) said they did not use any method.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Propofol was by far the most widely used hypnotic, while the ratio of succinylcholine to rocuronium for muscle relaxation was approximately 1: 1. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a> shows the results of questions on the use of anaesthetic agents in RSI.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of our survey show considerable variability in most aspects of RSI interrogated.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A significant percentage of respondents claim not to follow the recommendations for fasting in deferrable emergencies, despite clear evidence-based recommendations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12–14</span></a> This is further proof of the difficulty involved in universally implementing an intervention in clinical practice once scientific evidence has been obtained. The survey also shows the limited use of ultrasound to assess gastric residue, even though this has proved to be a promising technique.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Metoclopramide appears to be widely used as an anti-aspiration drug, although it has no effect on acidity in gastric fluids.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Some respondents (14%) administered it in patients with intestinal obstruction, although this is a contraindication for its use. In fact, recent guidelines advise against using metoclopramide (grade E recommendation), and instead recommend H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> blockers, proton pump inhibitors, or sodium citrate 0.3 M in high-risk patients (grade B recommendation).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,13</span></a> However, very few of the anaesthesiologists polled administer sodium citrate 0.3 M, probably because it is not readily available in many Spanish hospitals.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of an NGT is one of the controversial aspects of RSI. Different clinical studies have shown that the presence of an NGT does not reduce the effectiveness of upper oesophageal compression during CP, and may even improve it.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Some authors have proposed an algorithm for the use of NGTs based on the existing literature<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>; Scandinavian clinical practice guidelines on general anaesthesia for emergency situations recommend continuous aspiration with an NGT (grade E recommendation) in patients with ileus, subileus, or bowel obstruction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A considerable number of respondents do not apply CP routinely, or only apply it in patients at high risk of aspiration. This finding is similar to that obtained in a survey of German anaesthesiologists,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> although it differs greatly from the results of surveys conducted in the UK and US, which report that more than 90% always use the CP manoeuvre.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5,18</span></a> The Difficult Airway Society (DAS) maintains the recommendation for the routine use of CP,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> while the Scandinavian and German guidelines recommend that it should not be used routinely in all patients, although it can be considered individually in high-risk patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,13</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Up to 40% of anaesthesiologists confirmed having had a case of aspiration despite application of CP, with no differences between those who applied it before or after loss of consciousness. These data should be viewed with caution, as participants were not asked about the degree of pressure used or if they routinely practice this manoeuvre. Furthermore, the effectiveness of CP has been widely questioned in recent years, with some authors considering it unnecessary and even potentially harmful.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,12–14,20,21</span></a> The DAS guidelines recommend releasing CP if it hinders laryngoscopy or insertion of a supraglottic rescue device; however, approximately half of our respondents maintain CP in both situations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Almost two thirds of respondents always use the reverse Trendelenburg position with the head elevated 25−30° during RSI, while 7% use the Trendelenburg position in order to reduce the passage of gastric contents to the glottis in case of regurgitation. Elevating the head can reduce the risk of regurgitation while also increasing functional residual capacity and apnoea time without desaturation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22,23</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pre-oxygenation is a basic requirement for extending the safe apnoea time. More than half of all respondents adapt the pre-oxygenation method to the degree of emergency, and just over a third use the tidal volume technique for 3−5 min. Various techniques have been introduced in recent years, such as nasal oxygen insufflation or nasal oxygenation during efforts securing a tube (NO DESAT) and THRIVE to extend apnoea time.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,24</span></a> Although both techniques are recommended in various guidelines,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19,25</span></a> they are still rarely used both in Spain (22%) and the UK.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,18</span></a> Only a quarter of all respondents monitor the efficacy of pre-oxygenation by measuring end-tidal oxygen concentration, which is the most reliable method of evaluating denitrogenation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> This percentage is clearly lower than that obtained among British (59%–68%)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,18</span></a> and German (38%)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> anaesthesiologists, but higher than that reported by anaesthesiologists in the USA (19%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a British survey, only 17% of anaesthesiologists ventilated patients between loss of consciousness to intubation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> A subsequent survey of RSI for Caesarean section showed that 49% of respondents ventilated patients during apnoea.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> However, almost three-quarters of our respondents ventilated all patients during apnoea, or at least those at risk of early desaturation—a major modification of the classic SRI protocol. These data are similar to those observed in a US survey that found that 77% of anaesthesiologists ventilated patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This shows that many anaesthesiologists prioritize maintaining oxygenation until the airway is secured, particularly in patients at high risk of desaturation or failed intubation. This recommendation has been included in the latest versions of some airway management guidelines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,13,19</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Awake tracheal intubation may be an alternative to RSI in patients at high risk for aspiration, particularly when associated with a potentially difficult airway.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> In our survey, more than 90% of respondents would consider this option in such scenarios.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The classic RSI technique described by Stept and Safar includes the use of a stylet to improve the first-attempt intubation rate, and this is also recommended in some guidelines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,27</span></a> However, two thirds of our respondents do not routinely use this adjunct, possibly to avoid the risk of upper airway complications.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinical practice in Spain has changed considerably in terms of the drugs used during RSI. Propofol is superior to other induction agents in suppressing airway reflexes and facilitating intubation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>; this may explain why it is the hypnotic of choice for the vast majority of respondents. The ratio of rocuronium to succinylcholine use is approximately 1: 1. The proportion of Spanish anaesthesiologists using rocuronium is greater than that reported in Germany in 2009 (1: 2 ratio), in the US in 2012 (approximately 1: 1.5 ratio) or the UK in 2016 (1: 2).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–5</span></a> However, the survey of RSI in obstetric patients showed that the muscle relaxant of choice for a large majority of respondents (92%) was still succinylcholine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Although the onset time of succinylcholine and rocuronium at doses of 1–1.2 mg/kg is similar,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> a recent meta-analysis found that better intubation conditions were achieved with succinylcholine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Greater use of rocuronium in Spain may be due to the wide availability of sugammadex and the adverse effects of succinylcholine (more rapid desaturation during apnoea, hyperkalaemia, myalgia, or longer recovery of oxygen saturation).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,30,31</span></a> Before using rocuronium, is advisable to ensure that sugammadex is immediately available and to calculate the required dose<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32,33</span></a>; these recommendations are only followed by 44% and 61% of respondents, respectively.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These results could be due to several factors: the absence of clinical guidelines,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> the scant evidence to support the recommendations on certain aspects of RSI, such as the use of NGTs,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> the emergence of new techniques with limited penetration in Spain (THRIVE for pre-oxygenation, ultrasound to evaluate gastric residue),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,35</span></a> the ongoing controversy surround some key aspects of RSI (real benefit of the Sellick manoeuvre,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,8,24,35</span></a> patient positioning during anaesthesia induction,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> and the best neuromuscular relaxant to facilitate tracheal intubation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,37–39</span></a>), together with work- and training-related factors that can play an important role in specific aspects of RSI. Only 17% of respondents, of which more than 70% work in highly specialised tertiary hospitals, stated that their hospital has implemented a RSI protocol. We could speculate that the absence of universal guidelines has driven some hospitals to develop their own protocols.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All these discrepancies are not exclusive to Spain; in fact, previous studies in the UK,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,18</span></a> the US<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and Germany<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> showed similar variability. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows the items included in these national surveys compared to ours.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has several limitations. First, the method chosen to disseminate the survey could lead to selection bias. The group of respondents could be composed of anaesthesiologists with a particular interest in RSI, and whose practices may differ from those of non-respondents. Furthermore, the questionnaire was only sent to anaesthesiologists working in Spanish public hospitals, preventing extrapolation of the results to private practice. Second, the questionnaire did not include other aspects of RSI, such as the role of video laryngoscopy, the specific use of different drugs (e.g. precurarization, opioids), the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during pre-oxygenation, or the management of various clinical situations (e.g., pregnancy, neurocritical patients). Finally, we compared our results with those of similar studies performed at different times whose results may have been determined by the literature and evidence available at that time. The lack of universally accepted recommendations for the management of RSI, the low level of available scientific evidence, and the emergence of new techniques and drugs have led to considerable heterogeneity in the management of RSI compared to the classic sequence. High quality prospective studies are needed to gather further evidence to support firm recommendations for standardised RSI.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Funding</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have not received funding for this study.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Authorship</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">JAS, TL, MAGR and JCG conceived the study and designed the questionnaire.</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">JAS, TL, MAGR, JCG, MLM and EMH selected and validated each element.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">JAS, TL, MAGR, JCG, MLM, EMH, MFO, JMR, GG and MCR supervised the performance of the survey and the data collection. All members of the RSI Study Group participated in data collection and management, including quality control.</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">JAS and TL performed the statistical analysis.</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">JAS, TL and MAGR participated in the data supervision committee.</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The manuscript was written by JAS, TL, and MAGR, and all authors contributed substantially to the review.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1385688" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1271561" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1385689" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Antecedentes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1271560" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Authorship" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack481602" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2019-11-18" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-03-04" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1271561" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "General anaesthesia" 1 => "Rapid sequence induction" 2 => "Airway management" 3 => "Respiratory aspiration" 4 => "Survey" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1271560" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Anestesia general" 1 => "Inducción de secuencia rápida" 2 => "Manejo de la vía aérea" 3 => "Aspiración respiratoria" 4 => "Encuesta" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Rapid sequence induction (RSI) in adults has undergone changes in recent years due to pharmacological and technological advances. The objective of this survey was to evaluate current practice among Spanish anesthesiologists.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A 31-item questionnaire regarding RSI practice was sent to anesthesiologists working in Spanish public hospitals. Differences in responses according to the type of hospital or experience of the respondent were compared for all data using the chi-square and Fisher's exact test.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Approximately 15.89% of Spanish anesthesiologists participated in the survey (1002 questionnaires). The results show considerable heterogeneity in most aspects of RSI. Less than 20% of respondents administer sodium citrate. Sixty-four percent place a nasogastric tube in patients with intestinal obstruction. Gastric residue is assessed by ultrasound in 6% of cases. Only 25% of respondents measure ETO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> to check the effectiveness of preoxygenation, and 22% use nasal oxygen insufflation with nasal prongs or THRIVE. Sixty two percent of respondents apply cricoid pressure, but only 50% release the pressure when encountering intubation difficulty. Up to 40% of respondents reported cases of aspiration despite applying cricoid pressure. Propofol was the most commonly used hypnotic (97.6%), but there was no clear preference in the choice of neuromuscular relaxant (suxamethonium versus rocuronium ratio of approximately 1:1). Only 44% of respondents calculated the dose of sugammadex that would be required for emergency reversal of rocuronium.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The survey showed significant variation in RSI practice, similar to that of other countries. Quality prospective studies are needed to standardize clinical practice.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La inducción de secuencia rápida (ISR) en adultos ha experimentadcambios en los últimos años debido a los avances farmacológicos y tecnológicos. El objetivo de esta encuesta fue evaluar la práctica actual entre los anestesiólogos españoles.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se envió un cuestionario con 31 preguntas referentes a la práctica de la ISR a anestesiólogos de hospitales del Servicio Nacional de Salud de España. Las diferencias en las respuestas relacionadas con el tipo de hospital o experiencia se compararon para todos los datos utilizando el chi-cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aproximadamente el 15,89% de los anestesiólogos españoles participaron en la encuesta (1002 cuestionarios). Los resultados muestran una gran heterogeneidad en la mayoría de los aspectos de la ISR. El citrato sódico es administrado por menos del 20% de los participantes. El 64% de los encuestados coloca una sonda nasogástrica en pacientes con obstrucción intestinal. El residuo gástrico se evalúa con ultrasonidos en un 6%. Una cuarta parte de los encuestados controla la eficacia de la preoxigenación con la ETO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y el 22% utiliza la insuflación nasal de oxígeno con gafas nasales o THRIVE. El 62% de los encuestados aplica presión cricoidea, pero sólo se libera en un 50% cuando aparece dificultad en la intubación. Hasta el 40% de los anestesiólogos refirieron haber tenido algún caso de aspiración a pesar de aplicar presión cricoidea. El propofol fue el hipnótico más utilizado (97,6%), mientras que no hubo una diferencia clara en la preferencia del relajante neuromuscular (ratio suxametonio versus rocuronio de aproximadamente 1:1). Sólo el 44% de los encuestados calcula la dosis de sugammadex necesaria para una reversión de emergencia del rocuronio.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La encuesta demostró una variación significativa en la práctica de la ISR, similar a la de otros países. Se necesitan estudios prospectivos de calidad para estandarizar la práctica clínica.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Antecedentes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">The names of the components of the ISR Study Group are listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0040">Appendix A</a>.</p>" "identificador" => "fn0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Sastre JA, López T, Gómez-Ríos MA, Garzón JC, Mariscal ML, Martínez-Hurtado E, et al. Práctica actual de la inducción de secuencia rápida en adultos: una encuesta nacional entre anestesiólogos en España. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2020;67:381–390.</p>" ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hospital de San Pedro, Logroño, Spain: A.E. Fraile.</p> <p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">San Juan de Dios Hospital, Tenerife, Spain: O. Hernández.</p> <p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain: C. Costa.</p> <p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alto Deba Hospital, Arrasate, Guipuzkoa, Spain: P. Renedo.</p> <p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Reina Sofía Hospital, Tudela, Navarre, Spain: A. Martín-Rubio.</p> <p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Central University Hospital of Asturias, Spain: D. Fernández.</p> <p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">University Hospital of A Coruña, Spain I. Fernández-Paredes.</p> <p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">University Hospital of Toleda, Spain F. Bustos-Molina.</p> <p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">University Hospital of Salamanca, Spain G. García-Benito.</p> <p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">University Hospital of Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain: I. Morgado, S.C. Montesinos.</p> <p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain: A. Ruiz-Escobar.</p> <p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain: P. Argente.</p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Members of the RSI Study Group" "identificador" => "sec0040" ] 1 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are Supplementary data to this article:<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix B" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0050" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3293 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 433035 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preparation for RSI. NGT: nasogastric tube.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 4250 "Ancho" => 2071 "Tamanyo" => 482578 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">During RSI. CP: cricoid pressure; NODESAT: nasal oxygenation during the efforts securing a tube; SAD: supraglottic airway device; THRIVE: Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1541 "Ancho" => 2083 "Tamanyo" => 192449 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Drugs administered during RSI.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0020" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Level 1: Small regional hospitals with less than 150 beds on average, with few high-tech facilities, few doctors and low complexity. Level II: Basic general hospitals or area hospitals, medium size 200–500 beds, with some teaching and medium complexity. Level III: Group of large hospitals differing in terms of facilities, size and activity. Teaching focus (more than 160 residents and high complexity). Level IV: Large hospitals. Complete portfolio of services. More than 680 doctors and around 300 residents. Includes large hospital complexes.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Years of experience</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">233 (23.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6−10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">209 (20.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11−20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">297 (29.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">263 (26.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Resident tutor</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">747 (74.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">255 (25.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of hospital (complexity)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Level 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66 (6.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Level II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">273 (27.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Level III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">425 (42,4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Level IV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">238 (23.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2378540.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Respondent characteristics.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0025" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Indications \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Overall use of medication \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Metoclopramide \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Anti-H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>/Proton-pump inhibitor \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sodium citrate 0.3 M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Obstetric emergencies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">584 (58.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">444 (44.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">401 (40.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">303 (30.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Insufficient fasting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">315 (31.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">278 (27.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">241 (24.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">31 (3.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Trauma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91 (9.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68 (6.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66 (6.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hiatus hernia/gastroesophageal reflux disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">115 (9.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82 (8.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86 (8.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (1.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vascular emergencies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (0.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (0.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Intestinal obstruction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">190 (19.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">142 (14.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">139 (13.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (1.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Morbid obesity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">103 (10.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77 (7.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">81 (8.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (1.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Slow intestinal transit (diabetes mellitus, kidney failure) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">116 (11.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">101 (10.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">87 (8.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (0.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">In all emergencies (without intestinal obstruction) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 (4.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (1.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 (4.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Anticipated difficult airway \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (1.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (1.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (1.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Paediatric emergencies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (0.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (0.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (1.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Uterine curettage \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (0.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Preoperative nausea or vomiting \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 (2.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 (2.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (1.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Acute surgical abdomen \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">170 (17.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">119 (11.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">120 (12.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neurocritical patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (1.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (1.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (1.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Postoperative bleeding \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (0.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (0.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Upper gastrointestinal bleeding \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (3.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (1.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 (2.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Peritonsillar abscess \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (0.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (0.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sepsis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Data expressed as No. (%). \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2378538.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Use of premedication to reduce the volume and acidity of gastric contents.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0030" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ETO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>: end tidal O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>; NGT: nasogastric tube; NODESAT: Nasal Oxygenation During Efforts Securing A Tube; RSI: rapid sequence induction; THRIVE: Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange. VC: vital capacity; VT: tidal volume.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Survey \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sajayan et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Desai et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ehrenfeld et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rohsbach et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ISR group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Country</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">UK \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">UK (caesarean section) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">USA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Germany \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Spain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Year</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2014 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2019 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Number of respondents</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">266 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">180 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">490 (231 residents) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2906 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Regurgitation prophylaxis</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NGT aspiration</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Metoclopramide</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anti-H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span></span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29.7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sodium citrate 0.3 M \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">88% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Use of Sellick</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Routine Sellick</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">98% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">62% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Start of Sellick</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Before loss of consciousness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">After loss of consciousness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47.8% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Release of Sellick in difficult intubation</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49.8% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Regurgitation despite Sellick</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Position during RSI</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Head up</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">87% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">62.2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Supine</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trendelenburg</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Pre-oxygenation technique</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">VT > 3 min</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">48% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">VC ≈ 1 min</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ET0<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ≈ 0.9</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">38.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NODESAT/THRIVE</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ventilation during apnoea</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Use of stylet during RSI</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Drugs used in RSI</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Propofol</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">64% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97.6% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rocuronium: succinylcholine ratio</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≈ 1:2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≈ 1:9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≈ 1:1.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≈ 1:2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≈ 1:1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2378539.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of RSI surveys.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.docx" "ficheroTamanyo" => 12789 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:39 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rapid induction-intubation for prevention of gastric-content aspiration" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "W.J. Stept" 1 => "P. Safar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg." "fecha" => "1970" "volumen" => "49" "paginaInicial" => "633" "paginaFinal" => "636" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5534675" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rapid-sequence anesthesia induction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J. Lloréns" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim." "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "87" "paginaFinal" => "96" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12712871" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Current practice of rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia in the UK—a national survey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Sajayan" 1 => "J. Wicker" 2 => "N. Ungureanu" 3 => "C. Mendonca" 4 => "P.K. Kimani" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/bja/aew017" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Anaesth." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "117" "numero" => "Suppl 1" "paginaInicial" => "i69" "paginaFinal" => "i74" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917599" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Survey on the current management of rapid sequence induction in Germany" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C. Rohsbach" 1 => "S. Wirth" 2 => "K. Lenz" 3 => "H. Priebe" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Minerva Anestesiol." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "79" "paginaInicial" => "716" "paginaFinal" => "726" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Modified rapid sequence induction and intubation: a survey of United States current practice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.M. Ehrenfeld" 1 => "E.A. Cassedy" 2 => "V.E. Forbes" 3 => "N.D. Mercaldo" 4 => "W.S. Sandberg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1213/ANE.0b013e31822dac35" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg." "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "115" "paginaInicial" => "95" "paginaFinal" => "101" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22025487" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effectiveness and risks of cricoid pressure during rapid sequence induction for endotracheal intubation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C.M. Algie" 1 => "R.K. Mahar" 2 => "H.B. Tan" 3 => "G. Wilson" 4 => "P.D. Mahar" 5 => "J. Wasiak" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Database Syst Rev." "fecha" => "2015" "paginaInicial" => "CD011656" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cricoid pressure in emergency department rapid sequence tracheal intubations: a risk-benefit analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.Y. Ellis" 1 => "T. Harris" 2 => "D. Zideman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.05.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Emerg Med." "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "653" "paginaFinal" => "665" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17681642" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ideal Cricoid pressure is biomechanically impossible during laryngoscopy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C.E. Trethewy" 1 => "S.R. Doherty" 2 => "J.M. Burrows" 3 => "D. Clausen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/acem.13326" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acad Emerg Med." "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "94" "paginaFinal" => "98" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28960597" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.T. Tran" 1 => "E.K. Newton" 2 => "V.A. Mount" 3 => "J.S. Lee" 4 => "C. Mansour" 5 => "G.A. Wells" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Database Syst Rev." "fecha" => "2015" "paginaInicial" => "CD002788" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of suxamethonium vs rocuronium on onset of oxygen desaturation during apnoea following rapid sequence induction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.K. Taha" 1 => "M.F. El-Khatib" 2 => "A.S. Baraka" 3 => "Y.A. Haidar" 4 => "F.W. Abdallah" 5 => "R.A. Zbeidy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06243.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesia." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "358" "paginaFinal" => "361" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20402874" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE): a physiological method of increasing apnoea time in patients with difficult airways" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Patel" 1 => "S.A. Nouraei" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/anae.12923" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesia." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "70" "paginaInicial" => "323" "paginaFinal" => "329" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25388828" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Scandinavian clinical practice guidelines on general anaesthesia for emergency situations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "A.G. Jensen" 1 => "T. Callesen" 2 => "J.S. Hagemo" 3 => "K. Hreinsson" 4 => "V. Lund" 5 => "J. Nordmark" 6 => "Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02277.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Anaesthesiol Scand." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "54" "paginaInicial" => "922" "paginaFinal" => "950" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20701596" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rapid sequence induction and intubation in patients with risk of aspiration: Recommendations for action for practical management of anesthesia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C. Eichelsbacher" 1 => "H. Ilper" 2 => "R. Noppens" 3 => "J. Hinkelbein" 4 => "T. Loop" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00101-018-0460-3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesist." "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "568" "paginaFinal" => "583" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29959498" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "I. Smith" 1 => "P. Kranke" 2 => "I. Murat" 3 => "A. Smith" 4 => "G. O’Sullivan" 5 => "E. Soreide" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/EJA.0b013e3283495ba1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Anaesthesiol." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "556" "paginaFinal" => "569" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21712716" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Metoclopramide given preoperatively empties the stomach" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B. Adelhoj" 1 => "O.U. Petring" 2 => "N.O. Pedersen" 3 => "R.D. Andersen" 4 => "P. Busch" 5 => "A.S. Vestergard" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02208.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Anaesthesiol Scand." "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "322" "paginaFinal" => "325" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3993321" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cricoid compression is effective in obliterating the esophageal lumen in the presence of a nasogastric tube" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.R. Salem" 1 => "N.J. Joseph" 2 => "H.J. Heyman" 3 => "Belani" 4 => "R. Paulissian" 5 => "T.P. Ferrara" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/00000542-198510000-00016" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesthesiology." "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "443" "paginaFinal" => "446" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4037405" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Gastric tubes and airway management in patients at risk of aspiration: history, current concepts, and proposal of an algorithm" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.R. Salem" 1 => "A. Khorasani" 2 => "S. Saatee" 3 => "G.J. Crystal" 4 => "M. El-Orbany" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182917f11" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "118" "paginaInicial" => "569" "paginaFinal" => "579" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23757470" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A survey of practice of rapid sequence induction for caesarean section in England" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N. Desai" 1 => "J. Wicker" 2 => "A. Sajayan" 3 => "C. Mendonca" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.05.008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Obstet Anesth." "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "3" "paginaFinal" => "10" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30392651" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Difficult Airway Society 2015 guidelines for management of unanticipated difficult intubation in adults" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Frerk" 1 => "V.S. Mitchell" 2 => "A.F. McNarry" 3 => "C. Mendonca" 4 => "R. Chagrath" 5 => "A. Patel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/bja/aev371" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Anaesth." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "115" "paginaInicial" => "827" "paginaFinal" => "848" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26556848" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "No evidence for decreased incidence of aspiration after rapid sequence induction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D.T. Neilipovitz" 1 => "E.T. Crosby" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/BF03026872" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Can J Anaesth." "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "54" "paginaInicial" => "748" "paginaFinal" => "764" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17766743" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of cricoid pressure on placement of the I-gel: a randomised study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "Y. Hashimoto" 1 => "T. Asai" 2 => "T. Arai" 3 => "Y. Okuda" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/anae.12731" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesia." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "69" "paginaInicial" => "878" "paginaFinal" => "882" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24866121" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A randomized crossover study to determine the effect of a 30 degrees head-up versus a supine position on the functional residual capacity of term parturients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Hignett" 1 => "R. Fernando" 2 => "A. McGlennan" 3 => "S. McDonald" 4 => "A. Stewart" 5 => "M. Columb" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1213/ANE.0b013e31822bf1d2" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "1098" "paginaFinal" => "1102" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21918160" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Preoxygenation is more effective in the 25 degrees head-up position than in the supine position in severely obese patients: a randomized controlled study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B.J. Dixon" 1 => "B.J. Dixon" 2 => "J.R. Carden" 3 => "A.J. Burn" 4 => "L.M. Shachter" 5 => "J.M. Playfair" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/00000542-200506000-00009" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesthesiology." "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "102" "paginaInicial" => "1110" "paginaFinal" => "1115" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15915022" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Apneic oxygenation during prolonged laryngoscopy in obese patients: a randomized, controlled trial of nasal oxygen administration" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.K. Ramachandran" 1 => "A. Cosnowski" 2 => "A. Shanks" 3 => "C.R. Turner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jclinane.2009.05.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Anesth." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "164" "paginaFinal" => "168" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20400000" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "All India Difficult Airway Association 2016 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation in adults" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.N. Myatra" 1 => "A. Shah" 2 => "P. Kundra" 3 => "A. Patwa" 4 => "V. Ramkumar" 5 => "J.V. Divatia" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4103/0019-5049.195481" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indian J Anaesth." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "885" "paginaFinal" => "898" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28003690" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Optimizing preoxygenation in adults" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "I. Tanoubi" 1 => "P. Drolet" 2 => "F. Donati" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s12630-009-9084-z" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Can J Anaesth." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "449" "paginaFinal" => "466" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19399574" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "AAGBI: safer pre-hospital anaesthesia 2017: association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.J. Lockey" 1 => "K. Crewdson" 2 => "G. Davies" 3 => "B. Jenkins" 4 => "J. Klein" 5 => "C. Laird" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/anae.13779" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesia." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "72" "paginaInicial" => "379" "paginaFinal" => "390" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28045209" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of propofol and increased doses of thiopentone for laryngeal mask insertion" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "G.W. Brown" 1 => "F.R. Ellis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04238.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Anaesthesiol Scand." "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "1103" "paginaFinal" => "1104" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8607318" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of rocuronium, succinylcholine, and vecuronium for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia in adult patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "T. Magorian" 1 => "K.B. Flannery" 2 => "R.D. Miller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/00000542-199311000-00007" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesthesiology." "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "79" "paginaInicial" => "913" "paginaFinal" => "918" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7902034" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency and its clinical importance in anaesthesia: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.L. Andersson" 1 => "A.M. Moller" 2 => "K. Wildgaard" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/anae.14545" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesia." "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "74" "paginaInicial" => "518" "paginaFinal" => "528" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30600548" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Desaturation following rapid sequence induction using succinylcholine vs. rocuronium in overweight patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "L. Tang" 1 => "S. Li" 2 => "S. Huang" 3 => "Z. Wang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02365.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Anaesthesiol Scand." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "203" "paginaFinal" => "208" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21226862" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Can sugammadex save a patient in simulated’ cannot intubate, cannot ventilate’ situation?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.M. Bisschops" 1 => "C. Holleman" 2 => "J.M. Huitink" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06455.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesia." "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "936" "paginaFinal" => "941" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21198485" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Can sugammadex save a patient in a simulated’ cannot intubate, cannot ventilate’ situation?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.J. Mercer" 1 => "M.J. Moneypenny" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06643.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anaesthesia." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "66" "paginaInicial" => "223" "paginaFinal" => "224" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21320093" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Current national recommendations on rapid sequence induction in Europe. How standardised is the’ standard of care’?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "W.A. Wetsch" 1 => "J. Hinkelbein" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/EJA.0000000000000076" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Anaesthesiol." "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "443" "paginaFinal" => "444" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24827967" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical assessment of the ultrasonographic measurement of antral area for estimating preoperative gastric content and volume" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Bouvet" 1 => "J.X. Mazoit" 2 => "D. Chassard" 3 => "B. Allaouchiche" 4 => "E. Boselli" 5 => "D. Benhamou" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/ALN.0b013e31820dee48" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesthesiology." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "114" "paginaInicial" => "1086" "paginaFinal" => "1092" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364462" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Head and neck position for direct laryngoscopy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. El-Orbany" 1 => "H. Woehlck" 2 => "M.R. Salem" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1213/ANE.0b013e31821c7e9c" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg." "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "103" "paginaFinal" => "109" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596871" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "37" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rocuronium should be the default paralytic in rapid sequence intubation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.K. Swaminathan" 1 => "H. Mallemat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.04.039" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Emerg Med." "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "71" "paginaInicial" => "397" "paginaFinal" => "398" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28601274" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "38" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Update: does rocuronium create better intubating conditions than succinylcholine for rapid sequence intubation?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.L. Welch" 1 => "R.A. Seupaul" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Emerg Med." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "69" ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "39" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rocuronium versus succinylcholine revisited: succinylcholine remains the best choice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.M. Shoenberger" 1 => "W.K. Mallon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.478" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Emerg Med." "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "71" "paginaInicial" => "398" "paginaFinal" => "399" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29458799" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack481602" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "<p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to thank all the anaesthesiologists who completed the survey. We also wish to thank the following people for their help in collecting questionnaires: C. Alamillo (Nuestra Señora de Gracia Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain), F. Blázquez (University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain), M.A. Orallo (University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Spain) and A.I. Sánchez (University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain)</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23411929/0000006700000007/v1_202009130733/S2341192920301050/v1_202009130733/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "34051" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23411929/0000006700000007/v1_202009130733/S2341192920301050/v1_202009130733/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192920301050?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
Year/Month | Html | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
2023 March | 2 | 1 | 3 |
2022 October | 1 | 0 | 1 |