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Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología
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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología La navegación quirúrgica en las artroplastias de rodilla. Experiencia clínica
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Vol. 50. Issue S1.
Pages 41-48 (March 2006)
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Vol. 50. Issue S1.
Pages 41-48 (March 2006)
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La navegación quirúrgica en las artroplastias de rodilla. Experiencia clínica
Navigated Total Knee Replacement: Clinical Experience
Visits
2114
D.. Hernández-Vaqueroa,
,b
, M.A.. García-Sandovala, M.C.. Cuervo Olaya
a Hospital San Agustín. Avilés. Oviedo
b Departamento de Cirugía. Facultad de Medicina. Oviedo
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Article information
Introducción

La navegacion quirúrgica aporta seguridad en la alineación final de la artroplastia de rodilla y puede considerarse una técnica con suficiente apoyo bibliográfico en el implante de artroplastias en rodilla sin deformidades. Sin embargo, no se conoce cuál es el resultado de la navegación en rodillas con deformidades.

Estudio radiográfico comparativo

Se han comparado dos series de artroplastias de rodilla implantadas con y sin navegación en un estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado. La primera serie consta de 40 artroplastias sin deformidades previas, en 20 se utilizó la navegación y en otras 20 la instrumentación mecánica. Se compararon tres mediciones: ángulo femoral (AF), ángulo tibial (AT) y ángulo femorotibial (AFT) mediante la realización de una tomografía axial de toda la extremidad. La diferencia no fue significativa en el AT pero sí lo fue para el AF (p=0,001), siendo muy significativa para el AFT (p<0,001). Todos los casos pertenecientes al grupo con navegador mostraron un AFT considerado como ideal (180±3°), mientras que eso sólo ocurrió en 9 de los pacientes intervenidos con la técnica estándar. Esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p<0,0001). En la segunda serie se estudiaron otras 40 artroplastias totales de rodilla, pero en este caso con deformidades previas mayores de 10° en el plano frontal. Las mediciones postoperatorias se realizaron también con tomografía axial de la extremidad. La posición del componente femoral y tibial fue mejor en el grupo intervenido con navegación quirúrgica, siendo esta mejoría en el AFT estadísticamente significativa. El AFT resultante tras la artroplastia en el grupo con navegación se situó en el 90% de los casos dentro de los valores considerados correctos (180±3°), mientras que eso sólo ocurrió en el 50% de los pacientes intervenidos mediante instrumentación estándar. Al comparar los resultados de ambas series se observa siempre una mayor precisión en el AFT cuando se usó la navegación. En cuanto al AFT óptimo se observó que con la navegación los resultados fueron mejores tanto en el grupo con deformidad como en el realizado en rodillas sin deformidad previa.

Conclusiones

La navegación obtiene mejores resultados radiográficos en cuanto a la posición del componente femoral y tibial y en cuanto al eje final de la extremidad tanto en las artroplastias implantadas en rodillas con o sin deformidades previas.

Palabras clave:
artroplastia total de rodilla
navegación
cirugía asistida con ordenador
deformidades
estudio comparativo
Introduction

Surgical navigation offers a measure of safety to the final alignment of a TKR procedure and can be considered a well-established technique for performing TKR in non-deformed knees. Nonetheless, we still do not what the result of navigation may be in the case of knees with deformities.

Comparative radiographical study

A prospective randomized study was carried out to compare two series of knee arthroplasties implanted with and without navigation. The first series comprised 40 arthroplasties without previous deformities, with navigation being used in 20 of these and mechanical instrumentation in the remaining 20. Three measurements were compared, i.e. the femoral angle, the tibial angle and the tibiofemoral angle, by means of an axial tomography of the limb as a whole. The difference was not significant for the tibial angle, but it was significant for the femoral angle (p=0,001), and very significant for the tibiofemoral angle (p<0,001). All cases in the navigator group showed a tibiofemoral angle considered ideal (180±3°), whereas this only happened in 9 cases operated with the standard technique. This difference proved statistically significant (p<0,0001). In the second series, another 40 TKR procedures were analyzed, although this time they had previous deformities greater than 10° on the frontal plane. Post-operative measurements were also carried out by me ans of an axial tomography of the limb. The position of the femoral and tibial components was more accurate in the group operated with the navigated technique, this greater accuracy being statistically significant for the tibiofemoral angle. The value of the resulting tibiofemoral angle after the procedure in the navigated group stood –in 90% of cases– withing the values considered appropriate (180±3°), althouth this only happened in 50% of patients operated by means of standard instrumentation. When comparing the results of both series, greater tibiofemoral angle precision is invariably observed when navigation is used. As regards optimal tibiofemoral angle balues, it was observed that when navigation was used results were better both in the group with and without previous deformities.

Conclusions

Navigation offers better radiographical results as regards the position of both the femoral and tibial components and the final axis of the limb, in TKRs performed in knees with or without previous deformities.

Keywords:
total knee arthroplasty
navigation
computer assisted surgery
deformities
comparative study
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