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Vol. 40. Issue S2.
El cuidado de personas mayores dependientes: la diversidad de las experiencias empíricas
Pages 46-54 (November 2005)
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Vol. 40. Issue S2.
El cuidado de personas mayores dependientes: la diversidad de las experiencias empíricas
Pages 46-54 (November 2005)
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DOI: 10.1016/S0211-139X(05)75073-3
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Eficacia de un programa psicosocial con cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer: análisis de los resultados al año de seguimiento
Effectiveness of a psychosocial programme in Alzheimer's caregivers: analysis of outcome at 1 year of follow-up
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Igone Etxeberria-Arritxabala,
Corresponding author
ietxeberria@fmatia.net

Correspondencia: Igone Etxeberria-Arritxabal. Usandizaga,6. 20002 Donostia-San Sebastián. Guipuzcoa. España.
, José Javier Yanguas-Lezaunb, Cristina Buiza-Buenoa, Nerea Galdona-Erquiciac, María Feliciana González-Péreza
a Neuropsicóloga. Departamento de I+D. Instituto Gerontológico Matia (Ingema). San Sebastián. España
b Doctor en Psicología. Director de I+D. Instituto Gerontológico Matia (Ingema). San Sebastián. España
c Gerontóloga. Departamento de I+D. Instituto Gerontológico Matia (Ingema). San Sebastián. España
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Objetivo

el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo observar la evolución de los cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer que participaron en el grupo psicosocial un año después de la intervención y analizar si la muestra compuesta por los cuidadores participantes en el grupo psicosocial mantiene al cabo de un año beneficios psicológicos respecto al grupo control.

Material y métodos

la muestra estaba compuesta por 108 cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer residentes en la comunidad. Se distribuyó aleatoriamente a los sujetos en grupo experimental (n=33) y grupo control (n=75). Se administró a todos los participantes los mismos instrumentos en la valoración inicial y al año de finalizar la intervención (fases pretratamiento y postratamiento, respectivamente).

Resultados

los resultados muestran cambios positivos en el grupo experimental en diversos indicadores. Se han observado cambios en el sentido esperado en el grupo experimental (en comparación con el grupo control) en la reducción de sobrecarga, depresión y pensamientos disfuncionales. En la variable apoyo social, el grupo control presenta valores más altos que el experimental. No se han encontrado cambios significativos en estrés percibido en el grupo experimental.

Conclusiones

las intervenciones psicosociales con cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer muestran su eficacia en la mejora de su bienestar psicológico incluso al año de haber concluido la intervención. Estas intervenciones son necesarias para disminuir los efectos negativos del cuidado.

Palabras clave:
Cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer
Eficacia
Programas de intervención
Objective

the aim of this study was to follow up the progress of Alzheimer's caregivers over a 1-year period and to analyze whether caregivers that participated in a psychosocial programme maintained psychological improvements at 1 year of the intervention compared with the control group.

Material and method

a total of 108 caregivers of community-dwelling Alzheimer's patients participated in this study. The subjects were randomized into an experimental (n=33) and a control group (n=75). The same assessment protocol was administered to all participants before and after they took part in the intervention programme and to the control group at an identical interval.

Results

the results showed positive changes in several indicators in the experimental group. Changes in the expected direction were observed in the experimental group (in comparison with the control group) in reduction of burden, depression and dysfunctional thoughts. The control group showed higher levels than the experimental group in the variable of social support. No significant changes were found in perceived stress in the experimental group.

Conclusions

psychosocial interventions in Alzheimer's caregivers are effective in achieving improved psychological well-being even after a 1-year follow-up. These interventions are required to decrease the negative effects of caregiving.

Key words:
Alzheimer's caregivers
Effectiveness
Intervention programmes
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