metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Eficacia de un programa psicosocial con cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer: anÃ...
Información de la revista
Vol. 40. Núm. S2.
El cuidado de personas mayores dependientes: la diversidad de las experiencias empíricas
Páginas 46-54 (noviembre 2005)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 40. Núm. S2.
El cuidado de personas mayores dependientes: la diversidad de las experiencias empíricas
Páginas 46-54 (noviembre 2005)
Originales
Acceso a texto completo
Eficacia de un programa psicosocial con cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer: análisis de los resultados al año de seguimiento
Effectiveness of a psychosocial programme in Alzheimer's caregivers: analysis of outcome at 1 year of follow-up
Visitas
4011
Igone Etxeberria-Arritxabala,
Autor para correspondencia
ietxeberria@fmatia.net

Correspondencia: Igone Etxeberria-Arritxabal. Usandizaga,6. 20002 Donostia-San Sebastián. Guipuzcoa. España.
, José Javier Yanguas-Lezaunb, Cristina Buiza-Buenoa, Nerea Galdona-Erquiciac, María Feliciana González-Péreza
a Neuropsicóloga. Departamento de I+D. Instituto Gerontológico Matia (Ingema). San Sebastián. España
b Doctor en Psicología. Director de I+D. Instituto Gerontológico Matia (Ingema). San Sebastián. España
c Gerontóloga. Departamento de I+D. Instituto Gerontológico Matia (Ingema). San Sebastián. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Objetivo

el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo observar la evolución de los cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer que participaron en el grupo psicosocial un año después de la intervención y analizar si la muestra compuesta por los cuidadores participantes en el grupo psicosocial mantiene al cabo de un año beneficios psicológicos respecto al grupo control.

Material y métodos

la muestra estaba compuesta por 108 cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer residentes en la comunidad. Se distribuyó aleatoriamente a los sujetos en grupo experimental (n=33) y grupo control (n=75). Se administró a todos los participantes los mismos instrumentos en la valoración inicial y al año de finalizar la intervención (fases pretratamiento y postratamiento, respectivamente).

Resultados

los resultados muestran cambios positivos en el grupo experimental en diversos indicadores. Se han observado cambios en el sentido esperado en el grupo experimental (en comparación con el grupo control) en la reducción de sobrecarga, depresión y pensamientos disfuncionales. En la variable apoyo social, el grupo control presenta valores más altos que el experimental. No se han encontrado cambios significativos en estrés percibido en el grupo experimental.

Conclusiones

las intervenciones psicosociales con cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer muestran su eficacia en la mejora de su bienestar psicológico incluso al año de haber concluido la intervención. Estas intervenciones son necesarias para disminuir los efectos negativos del cuidado.

Palabras clave:
Cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer
Eficacia
Programas de intervención
Objective

the aim of this study was to follow up the progress of Alzheimer's caregivers over a 1-year period and to analyze whether caregivers that participated in a psychosocial programme maintained psychological improvements at 1 year of the intervention compared with the control group.

Material and method

a total of 108 caregivers of community-dwelling Alzheimer's patients participated in this study. The subjects were randomized into an experimental (n=33) and a control group (n=75). The same assessment protocol was administered to all participants before and after they took part in the intervention programme and to the control group at an identical interval.

Results

the results showed positive changes in several indicators in the experimental group. Changes in the expected direction were observed in the experimental group (in comparison with the control group) in reduction of burden, depression and dysfunctional thoughts. The control group showed higher levels than the experimental group in the variable of social support. No significant changes were found in perceived stress in the experimental group.

Conclusions

psychosocial interventions in Alzheimer's caregivers are effective in achieving improved psychological well-being even after a 1-year follow-up. These interventions are required to decrease the negative effects of caregiving.

Key words:
Alzheimer's caregivers
Effectiveness
Intervention programmes
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
S.J. Czaja, C. Eisdorfer, R. Schulz.
Future directions in caregiving: implications for intervention research.
Innovations in practice and service delivery across the life span, pp. 295-325
[2.]
D.P. Gold, C. Cohen, K. Shulman, et al.
Caregiving and dementia: predicting negative and positive outcomes for caregivers.
Int J Aging Hum Develop, 41 (1995), pp. 183-201
[3.]
B.G. Knight, S.M. Lutzky, F. Macofsky-Urban.
A meta-analytic review of interventions for caregiver distress: Recommendations for future research.
Gerontologist, 33 (1993), pp. 240-248
[4.]
C. Donaldson, N. Tarrier, A. Burns.
The impact of the syptoms of dementia on caregivers.
Br J Psychiatry, 170 (1999), pp. 62-68
[5.]
S.H. Zarit, P.A. Todd, J.M. Zarit.
Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers. A longitudinal study.
Gerontologist, 26 (1986), pp. 260-266
[6.]
C.S. Aneshensel, L.I. Pearlin, J.T. Mullan, S.H. Zorit, C.J. Withlach.
Profiles in caregiving: the unexpected career.
Academic Press, (1995),
[7.]
W.E. Haley, E.G. Levine, S.L. Brown, et al.
Stress, appraisal, coping and social support as predictors of adaptational outcome among dementia caregivers.
Psychol Aging, 2 (1987), pp. 323-330
[8.]
H. Brodaty, A. Green, A. Koschera.
Meta-Analysis of psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with dementia.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 51 (2003), pp. 657-664
[9.]
M.S. Mittelman, S.H. Ferris, E. Shulman, et al.
A family intervention to delay nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a randomised trial.
JAMA, 276 (1996), pp. 1725-1731
[10.]
H. Brodaty, M. Gesham.
The effect of a training programme to reduce stress in carers of patients with dementia.
Br Med J, 299 (1989), pp. 1375-1379
[11.]
K.W. Hepburn, J. Tornatore, B. Center, et al.
Dementia family caregiver training: Affecting beliefs about caregiving and caregiver outcomes.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 49 (2001), pp. 450-458
[12.]
P. Chiverton, E.D. Caine.
Education to assist spouses in coping with Alzheimer's disease. A controlled trial.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 37 (1989), pp. 593-598
[13.]
P. McCallion, R.W. Toseland, K. Freeman.
An evaluation of a family visit education program.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 47 (1999), pp. 203-214
[14.]
M.P. Quayhagen, M. Quayhagen, R.R. Corbeil.
Coping with dementia. Evaluation of forun nonpharmacologic interventions.
Int Psychogeriatr, 12 (2000), pp. 249-265
[15.]
D. Gallagher-Thompson, S. Lovett, J. Rose, et al.
Impact of psychoeducational interventions on distressed family caregivers.
J Clin Geropsych, 2 (2000), pp. 91-110
[16.]
M. Gatz, V.L. Bengtson, M.J. Blum.
Caregiving families.
Handbook of the psychology of aging, 3.ª ed.,
[17.]
D.D. Cooke, L. McNally, K.T. Mulligan, et al.
Psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic review.
Aging Ment Health, 1 (2001), pp. 120-135
[18.]
DSM-IV.
Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales.
Masson, (1995),
[19.]
S.H. Zarit, J.M. Zarit.
Families under stress: interventions for caregivers of senile dementia patients.
Psychother Theory Res Pract, 19 (1982), pp. 461-471
[20.]
M. Izal, I. Montorio.
Evaluación del medio del cuidador y del demente.
Evaluación neuropsicológica y funcional de la demencia, pp. 201-222
[21.]
J.L. Cummings.
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia.
Neurology, 44 (1994), pp. 2308-2314
[22.]
J.L. Cummings.
Inventario Neuropsiquiátrico (NPI-NH). Versión para centros de cuidados crónicos.
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 8 (2000), pp. 75-83
[23.]
B. Reisberg, S.H. Feries, M.J. De Leon, et al.
The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia.
Am J Geriatr Soc, 139 (1982), pp. 1136-1139
[24.]
A.N. Weissman, A.T. Beck.
Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitudes scale: a preliminary investigation.
86th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association,
[25.]
I. Montorio, A. Losada, M. Márquez, et al.
Assessment of the beliefs about caregiving in dementia caregivers: analysis of the beliefs about caregiving questionnaire (BAC) [póster].
V European Congress of Gerontology,
[26.]
A. Reig, D. Ribera, J. Miquel.
Psychosocial support groups and daily stress in noninstitutionalized elderly.
Psychol Assess, 7 (1991), pp. 191-200
[27.]
C.S. Carver, M.F. Scheier, J.K. Weintraub.
Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach.
J Pers Soc Psychol, 56 (1989), pp. 267-283
[28.]
L.S. Radloff.
The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population.
Applied Psychol Measure, 1 (1977), pp. 385-401
[29.]
S. Cohen, T. Kamarck, R. Mermelstein.
A global measure of perceived stress.
J Health Soc Behav, 24 (1983), pp. 385-396
[30.]
L.I. Pearlin, J.T. Mullan, S. Semple, et al.
Caregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures.
Gerontologist, 30 (1990), pp. 583-594
[31.]
M.S. Mittelman, D.L. Roth, W.E. Haley, et al.
Effects of a caregiver intervention on negative caregiver appraisals of behavior problems in patients with Alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized trial.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 59 (2004), pp. 27-34
[32.]
M.S. Mittelman, S.H. Ferris, E. Shulman, et al.
A family intervention to delay nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized trial.
JAMA, 276 (1996), pp. 1725-1731
[33.]
W.E. Haley, K.M. Pardo.
Relationship of severity of dementia to caregiving stressors.
Psychol Aging, 4 (1989), pp. 389-392
[34.]
R. Schultz, G.M. Williamson.
A 2-year longitudinal study of depression among Alzheimer's caregivers.
Psychol Aging, 6 (1991), pp. 569-579
[34.]
R. Lazarus, S. Folkman.
Stress, appraisal and coping.
Springer, (1994),
[36.]
S. Tebb.
Caregiver isolation: an ecological model.
J Gerontol Soc Work, 34 (2000), pp. 51-72
[37.]
C.I. Cohen, J. Teresi, D. Holmes.
Social networks and adaptation.
Gerontolist, 25 (1985), pp. 297-304
[38.]
N. Krause.
Social support stress and well-being among olderadults.
Gerontologist, 41 (1986), pp. 512-519
[39.]
R.A. Ward.
Informal network and well-being in later life. A research agenda.
Geronologist, 25 (1985), pp. 55-61
[40.]
S.H. Zarit, K.E. Reever, J. Bach, et al.
Relatives of impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden.
Gerontologist, 27 (1980), pp. 336-339
[41.]
B. Chenoweth, B. Spencer.
Dementia. The experience of family caregivers.
Gerontologist, 26 (1986), pp. 267-272
[42.]
L.W. Li, M.M. Seltzer, J.S. Greenberg.
Change in depressive symptoms among daughter caregivers: an 18-month longitudinal study.
Psychol Aging, 14 (1999), pp. 206-219
[43.]
C.E. Gendron, L.R. Poitrats, M.L. Engels, et al.
Skills training with supporters of the demented.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 34 (1986), pp. 875-880
[44.]
J. Kahan, B. Jemp, F.R. Stamples.
Decreasing burden in families caring for a relative with a dementing illness; a controlled study.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 18 (1985), pp. 1-14
[45.]
D. Gallagher, J. Rose, P. Rivera, et al.
Prevalence of depression in family caregivers.
Gerontologist, 29 (1989), pp. 449-456
[46.]
R. Schulz, P. Visintainer, G.M. Williamson.
Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of caregiving.
J Gerontol Psychol Studies, 45 (1990), pp. 181-191
[47.]
R. Schulz, A. O’Brien, S. Czaja, et al.
Dementia caregiver intervention research: in search of clinical significance.
Gerontologist, 42 (2002), pp. 589-602
[48.]
Schulz, A.T. O’Braien, J. Bookwala, et al.
Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of dementia caregiving: Prevalence correlates and causes.
Gerontologist, 35 (1995), pp. 771-791
[49.]
A. Losada-Baltar, M. Izal-Fernández de Trocóniz, I. Montorio-Cerrato, et al.
Eficacia diferencial de dos intervenciones psicoeducativas para cuidadores de familiares con demencia.
Rev Neurologia, 38 (2004), pp. 1-8
[50.]
C.S. Aneshensel, L.I. Pearlin, J.T. Mullan, et al.
Profiles in caregiving: The unexpected career.
Academic Press, (1995),
Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos

Quizás le interese:
10.1016/j.regg.2022.06.005
No mostrar más