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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 286-289 (September - October 2013)
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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 286-289 (September - October 2013)
Original article
Predictors of bone metastasis in pre-treatment staging of asymptomatic treatment-naïve patients with prostate cancer
Predictores de metástasis óseas en la estadificación pre-tratamiento de pacientes asintomáticos con cáncer de próstata
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M. Moslehia, M. Chekib, M. Salehi-Marzijaranic, T. Amuchasteguid, A. Gholamrezanezhadd,e,
Corresponding author
a Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
b Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
c Student Research Committee, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
d Yale New Haven Hospital-Saint Raphael Campus, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
e Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Table 1. The relationship between different levels of serum PSA with GS and ALP.
Table 2. Predictors of bone metastasis in univariate and multivariate analysis.
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Abstract
Background

There is no general consensus on the optimal criteria for the application of bone scintigraphy in screening of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. Our study was conducted to assess the value of bone scan for pre-treatment staging of asymptomatic treatment-naïve patients with prostate cancer.

Methods

A total of 203 consecutive asymptomatic and treatment-naïve patients with prostate cancer (age: 67.6±6.4 years) who were referred to our department for whole body bone scintigraphy were enrolled in the study. Three hours after intravenous injection of 20mCi 99mTc-MDP, all patients underwent whole body bone scanning using a single head gamma camera. The planar images were supplemented with SPECT as needed for questionable abnormalities or those having uncertain location on planar images.

Results

The mean serum PSA levels, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gleason score (GS) were 42.41±37.1ng/ml, 223.9±129.9IU/L and 6.7±1.1, respectively. A total of 55 cases (27.1%) out of 203 patients had bone metastases.

The univariate analysis showed that serum PSA levels, GS and ALP were all significant predictors of bone metastases. However, only serum PSA and ALP levels were found to be independent predictors of bone metastasis in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The combination of PSA and ALP (in which patients with either elevated PSA [>20ng/ml] or elevated ALP were considered as positive) had the best screening value, with 98.2% sensitivity and 48.6% specificity.

Conclusion

Serum ALP screening can be employed as a tool to detect the subgroup of patients who are at high risk of bone metastases, while having a PSA of <20ng/ml. The combination of PSA and ALP can be used to improve predictability of bone metastasis in newly diagnosed patients with prostate cancer, without affecting staging accuracy.

Keywords:
Prostate cancer
Bone scintigraphy
Asymptomatic
Diagnostic value
Resumen
Introducción

No existe un consenso general en cuanto a los criterios óptimos para la utilización de la gammagrafía ósea para la detección de metástasis óseas en pacientes con cáncer de próstata. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar el valor de la gammagrafía ósea para la estadificación pretratamiento de pacientes con cáncer de próstata.

Métodos

Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva en el estudio 203 pacientes con cáncer de próstata, asintomáticos y sin tratamiento previo (edad: 67,6±6,4 años) que fueron derivados a nuestro departamento para la realización de una gammagrafía ósea. A las 3h de la inyección intravenosa de 20mCi 99mTc-MDP se realizó la gammagrafía ósea con rastreo corporal total utilizando una gammacámara de un solo cabezal. Las imágenes planares fueron complementadas con una SPECT en caso necesario ante anormalidades que fueran cuestionadas o de localización incierta en la imagen planar.

Resultados

Los niveles de PSA en suero, fosfatasa alcalina (FAL) en suero y escala de Gleason fueron de 42,41±37,1, 223,9±129,9 y 6,7±1,1, respectivamente. De los 203 pacientes, 55 casos (27,1%) tuvieron metástasis óseas.

El análisis univariable mostró que los niveles de PSA, escala de Gleason y FAL fueron todos predictores significativos para metástasis óseas, aunque en el análisis de regresión logística multivariable solo el PSA y la FAL fueron predictores independientes de la metástasis óseas. La combinación de «PSA y FAL» (en donde los pacientes con PSA elevado [>20ng/ml] o FAL elevada eran considerados como positivos) tuvo el mejor valor de detección con sensibilidad de 98,2% y especificidad de 48,6%.

Conclusión

El uso de la FAL sérica como screening puede servir para la detección de un subgrupo de pacientes que tienen un alto riesgo de metástasis óseas, teniendo un PSA<20ng/ml. La combinación de «PSA y FAL» puede ser utilizada para mejorar la predictibilidad de metástasis óseas en pacientes con reciente diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata sin comprometer la precisión en la estadificación.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de próstata
Gammagrafía ósea
Asintomático
Valor diagnóstico

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