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Inicio Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (English Edition) The usefulness of densitometry as a method of assessing the nutritional status o...
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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 281-285 (September - October 2013)
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Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 281-285 (September - October 2013)
Original article
The usefulness of densitometry as a method of assessing the nutritional status of athletes. Comparison with body mass index
Utilidad de la densitometría como método de valoración del estado nutricional del deportista. Comparación con el índice de masa corporal
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J.R. Infantea,
Corresponding author
infantetorre@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
, C. Reyesa, M. Ramosb, J.I. Rayoa, R. Lorentec, J. Serranoa, M.L. Domíngueza, L. Garcíaa, C. Durána, R. Sáncheza
a Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
b Emergencias Sanitarias de Extremadura 112, Área de Salud de Plasencia-Navalmoral, Cáceres, Spain
c Servicio de Traumatología y Ortopedia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
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Figures (2)
Tables (3)
Table 1. Physical characteristics and results of the parameters determined in the study subjects.
Table 2. Comparison between forwards and the three-quarters players.
Table 3. Correlations between indices.
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Abstract

The body mass index (BMI) is used to assess nutritional status. The result in athletes may be overestimated due to increase in muscle mass.

Objective

To assess the usefulness of fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) determination as indicators of nutritional status and to compare the results with BMI.

Material and methods

We studied 28 amateur rugby players, male. After being subjected to whole body densitometry by dual X-ray absorptiometry, we determined fat and lean body mass together with other parameters. FMI (fat in kg/height in m2), LMI (lean in kg/height in m2) and appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI, arms and legs musculature in kg/height in m2) were calculated.

Results

Using BMI, 18 players were overweight and 4 obese type I. Considering FMI, 7 of them had normal values and high LMI and AMMI, one of them changed from overweight to obese and another one from obese to overweight. Of the 6 players with normal BMI, one of them showed fat excess and another one fat defect. The results changed the assessment of nutritional status in 39% of players.

Conclusions

Although BMI is an appropriate parameter in general population for the assessment of nutritional status, in athletes should be taken into account fat and muscle body percentage and their corresponding indices. The whole body densitometry appears to be a simple and reliable technique for this purpose.

Keywords:
Densitometry
Body mass index
Fat mass index
Lean mass index
Athlete
Resumen

El índice de masa corporal (IMC) es utilizado para valorar el estado nutricional. En deportistas su resultado puede estar sobreestimado por aumento de la masa muscular.

Objetivo

Valorar la utilidad de la determinación mediante densitometría de los índices de masa grasa (IMG) y magra (IMM) como indicadores del estado nutricional, comparando los resultados con el IMC.

Material y métodos

Se estudiaron 28 deportistas amateur jugadores de rugby, de sexo masculino. Tras ser sometidos a una densitometría de cuerpo entero mediante absorciometría dual de rayos X, se determinaron entre otros parámetros la masa grasa y magra del cuerpo. Se calcularon los IMG (grasa en kg/talla en m2), IMM (magro en kg/talla en m2) e índice de masa muscular apendicular (IMMA, musculatura en brazos y piernas en kg/talla en m2).

Resultados

Utilizando el IMC, 18 jugadores presentaban sobrepeso y 4 obesidad tipo I. Al considerar el IMG, 7 de estos deportistas presentaban valores normales con IMM e IMMA elevados, uno pasaba de obesidad a sobrepeso y otro de sobrepeso a obesidad. De los 6 jugadores con IMC normal, uno de ellos mostraba exceso de grasa y otro defecto. Los resultados cambiaron la valoración del estado nutricional en el 39% de los jugadores estudiados.

Conclusiones

Aunque para la población general el IMC es un parámetro adecuado para la valoración del estado nutricional, en deportistas debe tenerse en cuenta el porcentaje de grasa y de musculatura determinando sus índices correspondientes. La densitometría de cuerpo entero resulta ser una técnica fiable y sencilla para este propósito.

Palabras clave:
Densitometría
Índice de masa corporal
Índice de masa grasa
Índice de masa magra
Deportista

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