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Resumen
El resultado de estudios in vitro y en animales ofrecen evidencias científicas de que el consumo de dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 reduce el desarrollo y el riesgo de sufrir cáncer de colon, además de incrementar la efi cacia de la quimioterapia y reducir sus efectos secundarios. No obstante, los estudios epidemiológicos que relacionan el cáncer de colon y la ingestión de n-3 presentan resultados heterogéneos y, por lo tanto, no ofrecen sufi cientes evidencias que confi rmen las propiedades para reducir el crecimiento y el riesgo del cáncer de colon de los n-3. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar las últimas publicaciones que relacionan el cáncer de colon y los n-3, y pretende contribuir a conocer mejor el motivo de la heterogeneidad de resultados obtenidos en los estudios epidemiológicos que relacionan el cáncer de colon y los n-3. A pesar de que los resultados de los estudios disponibles no presentan evidencias concluyentes que demuestren que los n-3 reducen el desarrollo del cáncer de colon, los resultados de estos estudios inducen a hacer recomendaciones dietéticas encaminadas a mejorar la supervivencia de estos pacientes e incluso para la prevención. Por lo tanto, se recomienda el consumo de pescado azul 2 o 3 veces por semana en sustitución de alimentos que contengan grasas saturadas, o concentrados de aceites de pescado en dosis no superiores a 3g/día.
Palabras clave:
Cáncer colorrectal
Omega 3
PUFA
EPA
DHA
Abstract
Experimental studies in vitro and with animals provide scientifi c evidence that the ingestion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-FA) leads to a reduction in the risk and the growth of colorectal cancer. n3-FA may also increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy treatment and reduce its side effects. However, the epidemiological studies that link colorectal cancer to the ingestion of n-3 FA, show a wide disparity of results, therefore there is not suffi cient evidence to confi rm that n-3 FA ingestion leads to a reduction in the growth of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to presents a review of the recent literature that associates cancer of the colon and n-3 FA. It also attempts to contribute to a better understanding of the reasons for the heterogeneity of the results in the epidemiological studies. Despite there being no conclusive evidence in current studies, the results of these studies have led to the making of dietary recommendations aimed at the improving the survival of patients and also of preventing the cancer. These patient dietary recommendations involve increasing the intake of unsaturated fat acids from blue fish 2 or 3 times per week, or concentrated fish oil to a maximum level of 3 g/day.
Keywords:
Colorectal cancer
Omega-3
PUFA
EPA
DHA
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