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Vol. 28. Issue 2.
Pages 164-172 (July - December 2023)
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Vol. 28. Issue 2.
Pages 164-172 (July - December 2023)
Original
School climate and substance use in a sample of Chilean adolescents
Clima escolar y consumo de sustancias en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos
Ana Kremer Jiméneza,
Corresponding author
a.kremer01@ufromail.cl

Corresponding author.
, Francisca Román Mellaa,b, José Luis Gálvez-Nietoa
a University of La Frontera, Región de La Araucanía, Temuco, Chile
b Núcleo Milenio de Evaluación y Análisis de Políticas de Drogas
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Descriptive analysis of the total score for the five dimensions of school climate
Table 2. Association between dimensions of school climate and alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use (N = 182,066)
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Abstract

Despite the importance of school climate for positive student health outcomes, few studies address its potential effects on substance use. This study aimed to examine whether dimensions of school climate — respectful treatment, discrimination, rules, safety, and harassment — relate to alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use in a sample of Chilean students. The sample comprised 182,066 Year 10 students in 2,907 schools, who completed the Education Quality and Context Questionnaire as part of the SIMCE evaluation in 2017. Statistical analyses included a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multilevel logistic regression, and an estimate of predicted probabilities. Models were adjusted for sex and school socioeconomic level. The results showed that school climate was associated with adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Negative treatment of students, discrimination, poorly defined school rules, inadequate safety, and perceived harassment were associated with an increased risk of substance use. School interventions addressing adolescent substance use should consider the influence of school climate on risky behaviors.

Keywords:
Adolescence
School climate
Alcohol
Tobacco
Marijuana
Resumen

A pesar de la importancia del clima escolar, aún son escasas las investigaciones que analizan los efectos potenciales sobre el consumo de sustancias en adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar si dimensiones del clima escolar: trato respetuoso, discriminación, normas, seguridad y acoso, se asocian con el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana en una muestra de estudiantes chilenos. La muestra está constituida por 182.066 adolescentes que han cursado segundo año de enseñanza media (décimo año de educación formal) pertenecientes a 2.907 establecimientos educativos, que han respondido el Cuestionario de Calidad y Contexto de la Educación, parte de la evaluación del SIMCE en 2017. Los análisis estadísticos incluyen análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), regresión logística multinivel y estimación de probabilidades predichas. Los modelos se han ajustado por sexo y nivel socioeconómico del establecimiento. Los resultados muestran que las dimensiones del clima escolar se asocian con el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana en adolescentes. Ausencia de relaciones de buen trato, presencia de discriminación, normas poco claras en el ámbito escolar, escasa seguridad y percepción de acoso, se asocian a un mayor riesgo de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana. Intervenciones en el entorno escolar dirigidas a disminuir el consumo de sustancias deberían considerar la influencia del clima escolar en estas conductas de riesgo.

Palabras clave:
Adolescencia
Clima escolar
Alcohol
Tabaco
Marihuana

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es en pt

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