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Vol. 23. Issue 3.
Pages 151-158 (September - December 2022)
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Vol. 23. Issue 3.
Pages 151-158 (September - December 2022)
Original article
Factors influencing the flu/seasonal influenza vaccination rate in the Spanish population at risk according to the 2017 national health survey
Factores que influyen en la tasa de vacunación contra la gripe/influenza estacional en la población española de riesgo según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017
Adriana López-Pinedaa, Andrea Sánchez Garcíab, Domingo Orozco-Beltrána, Vicente F. Gil-Guilléna, Rauf Nouni-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
raufrng@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Concepción Carratalá-Munueraa, Jose A. Quesadaa
a Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
b Facultad de Medicina Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Abstract
Background

To identify the factors associated with non-vaccination in Spain during the 2016–2017 season in the adult population over 60 years of age and risk groups, as well as to determine the vaccination coverage rate.

Material and methods

Cross-sectional observational study. The information was collected from the National Health Survey in Spain 2017. The inclusion criteria were being over 60 years old or suffering from a chronic disease according to the Spanish program of preventive activities and health promotion 2018 recommendations. To study the associated factors, sociodemographic variables, health determinants, health status, and health care were used. Prevalence ratios were estimated with adjustment of Poisson regression models with robust variance, together with their 95% confidence interval.

Results

The sample was 16 255 people, and 54% were women and 42.8% of them were 60 years of age or older. In the bivariate analysis, the Autonomous Communities with the highest vaccination rates were Cantabria (32.2% [n = 61; P<.001]) and Extremadura (32.1% [n = 106; P<.001]). The variable that was most associated in the multivariate analysis with non-vaccination was being under 60 years old (PR2.215; CI1.988–2.469; P<.001). Vaccination coverage was 25.1%.

Conclusions

The factors associated with a lower probability of vaccination were being younger than 60 years old, smoking, not suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, and chronic bronchitis, and not having undergone certain diagnostic tests such as colonoscopies and blood and/or urine tests.

Keywords:
Mass vaccination
Vaccination coverage
Viral vaccination
Influenza vaccination
Epidemiology
Epidemiological factors
Resumen
Objetivos

Identificar los factores asociados a la no vacunación en España durante la temporada 2016–2017 en población adulta de riesgo (>60 años o crónicos), así como determinar la tasa de cobertura de la vacunación.

Material y métodos

Estudio observacional transversal. La información fue recogida de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud en España 2017. Los criterios de inclusión fueron tener más de 60 años o padecer alguna enfermedad crónica según las recomendaciones de vacunación del programa de actividades preventivas y promoción de la salud 2018. Para el estudio de los factores asociados se utilizaron variables sociodemográficas, determinantes de la salud, estado de salud y asistencia sanitaria. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia con ajuste de modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, junto con su intervalo de confianza al 95%.

Resultados

La muestra fue de 16255 personas. El 54% fueron mujeres y el 42,8% de la tenía 60 años o más. En el análisis bivariante, las comunidades autónomas con tasas más altas de vacunación fueron Cantabria (32,2%[n=61;p<0,001]) y Extremadura (32,1% [n=106;p<0,001]). La variable que más se asoció en el análisis multivariante a la no vacunación fue tener menos de 60 años (RP2,215; IC1,988-2,469; p<0,001). La cobertura de vacunación fue del 25,1%.

Conclusiones

Los factores asociados a una menor probabilidad de vacunación fueron ser menor de 60 años, fumar, no padecer enfermedades crónicas como diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, asma y bronquitis crónica, y no haber sido sometido a determinadas pruebas diagnósticas como colonoscopias y analíticas de sangre y/u orina.

Palabras clave:
Vacunación masiva
Cobertura de vacunación
Vacunas contra la influenza
Epidemiologia
Factores epidemiológicos

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