Factores relacionados con la neumonía bacteriana en pacientes con COVID-19 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Barranquilla, Colombia

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S0122726221000872"
  "issn" => "01227262"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.acci.2021.07.002"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-06-01"
  "aid" => "343"
  "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Colombiana de Medicina Cr&#237;tica y Cuidado lntensivo"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2021"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Acta Colomb Cuid Intensivo. 2022;22 Supl 1:S28-S35"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0122726221000859"
    "issn" => "01227262"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acci.2021.12.002"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-06-01"
    "aid" => "341"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Colombiana de Medicina Cr&#237;tica y Cuidado lntensivo"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Acta Colomb Cuid Intensivo. 2022;22 Supl 1:S36-S45"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "es" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL</span>"
      "titulo" => "Caracter&#237;sticas y desenlaces cl&#237;nicos de pacientes con COVID-19 en la primera ola en Cali&#44; Colombia"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "S36"
          "paginaFinal" => "S45"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in the first wave in Cali&#44; Colombia"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 3"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1294
              "Ancho" => 2500
              "Tamanyo" => 124468
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Curva receiver operating characteristic &#40;ROC&#41; para los valores predichos del APACHE II y la escala qSOFA&#46; AUC&#58; &#225;rea bajo la curva&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Luis Alberto Tafur Betancourt, Adriana Sof&#237;a Rosero Cundar, Sergio Andr&#233;s Remolina Granados, Mar&#237;a del Mar Mill&#225;n, Marcela Ar&#233;valo, Eduardo Lema Fl&#243;rez, Andr&#233;s Zorrilla Vaca, V&#237;ctor Hern&#225;n Ruiz Holgu&#237;n, Catalina Ceballos, Erika Casta&#241;eda, Jos&#233; Fernando Huertas, Jaime Quintero Soto"
          "autores" => array:12 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Luis Alberto"
              "apellidos" => "Tafur Betancourt"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Adriana Sof&#237;a"
              "apellidos" => "Rosero Cundar"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Sergio Andr&#233;s"
              "apellidos" => "Remolina Granados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a del Mar"
              "apellidos" => "Mill&#225;n"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Marcela"
              "apellidos" => "Ar&#233;valo"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Eduardo"
              "apellidos" => "Lema Fl&#243;rez"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Andr&#233;s"
              "apellidos" => "Zorrilla Vaca"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V&#237;ctor Hern&#225;n"
              "apellidos" => "Ruiz Holgu&#237;n"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Catalina"
              "apellidos" => "Ceballos"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Erika"
              "apellidos" => "Casta&#241;eda"
            ]
            10 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Fernando"
              "apellidos" => "Huertas"
            ]
            11 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jaime"
              "apellidos" => "Quintero Soto"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0122726221000859?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/01227262/00000022000000S1/v1_202206240958/S0122726221000859/v1_202206240958/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0122726222000015"
    "issn" => "01227262"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.acci.2022.01.001"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-06-01"
    "aid" => "345"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Colombiana de Medicina Cr&#237;tica y Cuidado lntensivo"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Acta Colomb Cuid Intensivo. 2022;22 Supl 1:S19-S27"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "es" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Revisi&#243;n</span>"
      "titulo" => "Caracterizaci&#243;n y factores pron&#243;stico de mortalidad en pacientes ingresados en UCI por COVID-19 en un hospital p&#250;blico de referencia en Bogot&#225;&#44; Colombia"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "S19"
          "paginaFinal" => "S27"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Characterization and prognostic factors for mortality of patients admitted to the ICU for COVID-19 in a public referral hospital in Bogot&#225;&#44; Colombia"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1341
              "Ancho" => 2341
              "Tamanyo" => 184880
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagrama de flujo de la selecci&#243;n de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Juan Pablo Camargo Mendoza, Daniel Efr&#233;n Rodr&#237;guez Ariza, Juan Carlos Hern&#225;ndez Sabogal"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan Pablo"
              "apellidos" => "Camargo Mendoza"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Daniel Efr&#233;n"
              "apellidos" => "Rodr&#237;guez Ariza"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan Carlos"
              "apellidos" => "Hern&#225;ndez Sabogal"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0122726222000015?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/01227262/00000022000000S1/v1_202206240958/S0122726222000015/v1_202206240958/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL</span>"
    "titulo" => "Factores relacionados con la neumon&#237;a bacteriana en pacientes con COVID-19 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Barranquilla&#44; Colombia"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "S28"
        "paginaFinal" => "S35"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Holmes Algar&#237;n-Lara, Edwin Guevara-Romero, Elber Osorio-Rodr&#237;guez, Jhonny Pati&#241;o-Pati&#241;o, V&#237;ctor Fl&#243;rez Garc&#237;a, Rafael de Jes&#250;s Tuesca, Mauricio Aldana-Roa, Yussef Said Arciniegas-Vergel, R&#243;mulo Rodado-Villa"
        "autores" => array:9 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Holmes"
            "apellidos" => "Algar&#237;n-Lara"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "holmesalgarin@hotmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Edwin"
            "apellidos" => "Guevara-Romero"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Elber"
            "apellidos" => "Osorio-Rodr&#237;guez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jhonny"
            "apellidos" => "Pati&#241;o-Pati&#241;o"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "V&#237;ctor"
            "apellidos" => "Fl&#243;rez Garc&#237;a"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Rafael de Jes&#250;s"
            "apellidos" => "Tuesca"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mauricio"
            "apellidos" => "Aldana-Roa"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Yussef Said"
            "apellidos" => "Arciniegas-Vergel"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          8 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "R&#243;mulo"
            "apellidos" => "Rodado-Villa"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Grupo de Medicina Intensiva y Cuidados Integrales &#40;GRIMICI&#41;&#44; Departamento de Medicina Intensiva&#44; Camino Universitario Distrital Adelita de Char&#44; MiRed IPS&#44; Barranquilla&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Joseph J&#46; Zilber School of Public Health&#44; University of Wisconsin&#44; Milwaukee&#44; Wisconsin&#44; Estados Unidos"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Salud P&#250;blica&#44; Universidad del Norte&#44; Barranquilla&#44; Colombia"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspondencia&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Factors related to bacterial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 in an intensive care unit in Barranquilla&#44; Colombia"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1167
            "Ancho" => 2167
            "Tamanyo" => 136831
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Porcentaje de bacterias aisladas del tracto respiratorio en pacientes en UCI despu&#233;s de las 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de estancia hospitalaria&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SARS-CoV-2 es el nuevo coronavirus que origina la enfermedad COVID-19&#44; la cual se ha convertido en la mayor pandemia en el nuevo milenio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Seg&#250;n datos del Center for Systems Science and Engineering de la Johns Hopkins University&#44; desde finales del 2019 hasta el 27 de junio del 2021 se infectaron 181&#46;038&#46;754 personas en el mundo&#44; de las cuales murieron 3&#46;921&#46;974<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; En Colombia&#44; hasta esa fecha se registraron 104&#46;678 defunciones&#44; de las cuales 8&#46;922 fueron reportadas en el departamento del Atl&#225;ntico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos &#40;UCI&#41; tienen el riesgo de presentar neumon&#237;a bacteriana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46; Esto se asocia a la corticoterapia mayor de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; enfermedades cardiometab&#243;licas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#44; obesidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; uso de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva &#40;VMI&#41; durante m&#225;s de 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> y respuesta inmunoinflamatoria exacerbada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Estas condiciones incrementan considerablemente la tasa de mortalidad en los pacientes cr&#237;ticamente enfermos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro estudio se evalu&#243; la frecuencia de neumon&#237;a bacteriana en pacientes con COVID-19 y los factores relacionados en la UCI de adultos de la red hospitalaria p&#250;blica de Barranquilla&#44; Colombia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Materiales y m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Selecci&#243;n de pacientes y dise&#241;o del estudio</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio observacional tipo casos y controles anidado a una cohorte de pacientes ingresados en la UCI general de 29 camas en la ciudad de Barranquilla&#44; en la costa norte de Colombia&#44; entre los meses de marzo y agosto del 2020&#46; Se consideraron casos todos los pacientes que resultaron con neumon&#237;a bacteriana despu&#233;s de haber estado m&#225;s de 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h en la UCI&#46; Se consideraron controles aquellos pacientes que despu&#233;s de estar m&#225;s de 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h en la UCI no se infectaron&#46; Para la selecci&#243;n de los controles se tuvo en cuenta que fueran iguales en cuanto a sexo y con una diferencia de edad de &#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5 a&#241;os con la poblaci&#243;n que conformaban los casos&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Toda la poblaci&#243;n de estudio&#44; tanto los casos como los controles&#44; eran pacientes con prueba de RT-PCR COVID-19 &#40;positiva&#41; con hospitalizaci&#243;n en UCI mayor de 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h debido a neumon&#237;a comunitaria grave&#44; definida a trav&#233;s de los criterios cl&#237;nicos de ingreso de la Infectious Diseases Society of America y la American Thoracic Society y requerimiento de monitorizaci&#243;n ventilatoria por alto riesgo de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda&#46; Se definieron los pacientes con neumon&#237;a bacteriana por muestra de aspirado de secreci&#243;n bronquial con aislamiento positivo del tracto respiratorio inferior para al menos un microorganismo bacteriano &#40;mayor o igual a 104<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UFC&#47;mL&#41;&#44; durante la estancia y hospitalizaci&#243;n&#46; Se excluyeron los pacientes que ten&#237;an VMI mayor de 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h sin toma de muestra de aspirado de secreci&#243;n bronquial y los pacientes con probabilidad de neumon&#237;a bacteriana asociada a VMI definida por criterios del Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score mayor de 6 puntos&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para la prevenci&#243;n de la neumon&#237;a asociada a la VMI en toda la poblaci&#243;n de estudio se realiz&#243; de forma rutinaria el protocolo institucional&#44; que consta de&#58; 1&#41; colocaci&#243;n de la cabecera del paciente a 30-45&#176;&#59; 2&#41; aspiraci&#243;n de secreciones por sistema cerrado diario&#59; 3&#41; cambio rutinario del circuito del ventilador cada 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#59; 4&#41; mantenimiento de la presi&#243;n del neumotaponador a 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cmH<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O&#44; y 5&#41; lavado bucal con clorhexidina&#46; En nuestra unidad existe un cumplimiento de la adherencia superior al 95&#37; del paquete de prevenci&#243;n de neumon&#237;a asociada a la VMI&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; en todos los pacientes se valoraba diariamente la necesidad de destete de VMI&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las historias cl&#237;nicas de los pacientes se revisaron retrospectivamente teniendo en cuenta las normativas nacionales e institucionales&#44; y se recogieron en un instrumento de recolecci&#243;n de datos para su posterior ingreso en una base de datos de Microsoft Excel&#174;&#44; a la que solo ten&#237;an acceso los investigadores principales&#46; Las variables de nuestro estudio incluyen variables sociodemogr&#225;ficas&#44; comorbilidades cl&#237;nicas&#44; intervenci&#243;n terap&#233;utica &#40;antibioticoterapia emp&#237;rica&#44; corticoterapia&#41;&#44; reporte hematol&#243;gico y cultivos de secreci&#243;n bronquial &#40;perfil de susceptibilidad y resistencia&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tanto para los casos como para los controles&#44; se agruparon variables teniendo en cuenta las comorbilidades como&#58; diabetes mellitus tipo 2&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial y sobrepeso&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se analizaron las variables relacionadas con el tiempo de hospitalizaci&#243;n antes y despu&#233;s del ingreso en la UCI&#46; Adicionalmente se evaluaron los tiempos de antibioticoterapia emp&#237;rica y corticoterapia&#46; Se calcularon medias y desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar en las variables cuantitativas y proporciones en las variables categ&#243;ricas&#46; Para evaluar las diferencias entre proporciones se us&#243; la prueba exacta de Fisher y para las diferencias de medias se us&#243; la prueba U de Mann-Whitney&#46; Las variables que presentaron diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa se corrieron en un modelo explicativo basado en una regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica binaria&#46; Todos los datos fueron analizados usando el software estad&#237;stico IBM&#174; SPSS&#174; Statistics versi&#243;n 25&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Resultados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la instituci&#243;n ingresaron 268 pacientes con COVID-19 en la UCI desde el 9 de mayo hasta el 7 de agosto del 2020&#44; de los cuales 168 &#40;62&#44;7&#37;&#41; eran hombres y 100 &#40;37&#44;3&#37;&#41; mujeres&#46; El promedio de edad de los hombres era de 59&#44;6 a&#241;os &#40;DE 11&#44;4&#41; y el de las mujeres de 54&#44;0 a&#241;os &#40;DE 15&#44;6&#41;&#46; El total de pacientes que luego de entrar a la UCI resultaron infectados con al menos un tipo de bacteria del tracto respiratorio inferior despu&#233;s de las 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de su ingreso fue de 27&#46; Por tanto&#44; el porcentaje de neumon&#237;a bacteriana fue del 10&#44;07&#37; &#40;27&#47;268&#41;&#46; Los controles se seleccionaron del resto de los pacientes&#46; En total se escogieron 27 pacientes que conformaron el grupo de controles&#46;</p><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Bacterias aisladas de secreci&#243;n bronquial en pacientes con COVID-19 despu&#233;s de 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de hospitalizaci&#243;n en UCI</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el 48&#44;1&#37; de los pacientes con neumon&#237;a bacteriana se aisl&#243; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Klebsiella pneumoniae&#46;</span> Las otras 2 bacterias m&#225;s frecuentes fueron <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> &#40;14&#44;8&#37;&#41; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</span> &#40;14&#44;8&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; El porcentaje de bacterias resistentes fue bajo&#46; De las 16 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> aisladas&#44; 4 &#40;25&#37;&#41; presentaban betalactamasas de espectro extendido&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Enfermedades de base</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El 14&#44;8&#37; &#40;4&#47;27&#41; de los pacientes con neumon&#237;a bacteriana ten&#237;an diabetes mellitus tipo 2&#44; el 40&#44;7&#37; &#40;11&#47;27&#41; presentaban hipertensi&#243;n arterial y el 18&#44;5&#37; &#40;5&#47;27&#41; sobrepeso&#46; Cuando se evalu&#243; la diferencia entre los pacientes que ten&#237;an infecci&#243;n del tracto respiratorio inferior y los que no con alguna de las enfermedades anteriormente mencionadas&#44; se encontr&#243; que no hubo diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Estancia hospitalaria y soporte ventilatorio</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El promedio del total de d&#237;as hospitalizado &#40;hospitalizaci&#243;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UCI&#41; fue de 12&#44;78 d&#237;as &#40;DE 7&#44;06&#41;&#46; El promedio de estancia en UCI solamente fue de 9&#44;9 d&#237;as &#40;DE 6&#44;7&#41;&#46; Estos pacientes recibieron VMI en promedio 7&#44;85 d&#237;as &#40;DE 6&#44;07&#41;&#46; Cuando se evalu&#243; la diferencia entre los infectados con neumon&#237;a bacteriana y los no infectados no se encontraron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Tiempo de consumo de antibi&#243;ticos emp&#237;ricos</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con base en las recomendaciones de la Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud para el manejo de la infecci&#243;n asociada a SARS-CoV-2 y el compromiso pulmonar se inici&#243; terapia antimicrobiana de forma emp&#237;rica&#46; El promedio de consumo de cada uno de los antibi&#243;ticos suministrados a los pacientes se puede observar en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#46; Al evaluar la diferencia en el consumo de antibi&#243;ticos entre los que se infectaron con neumon&#237;a bacteriana y los que no&#44; se encontr&#243; una diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa entre los que consumieron claritromicina&#46; En cuanto al tiempo de consumo de claritromicina&#44; el an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica encontr&#243; que los pacientes que tomaron claritromicina durante m&#225;s de 7 d&#237;as aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar infecciones bacterianas del tracto respiratorio inferior 1&#44;567 veces comparados con aquellos que la consumieron durante menos tiempo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Tiempo de consumo de corticoterapia</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para controlar el proceso inflamatorio propio de la COVID-19 se suministr&#243; a los pacientes corticoterapia&#46; En promedio&#44; la dexametasona fue el corticosteroide con el promedio de d&#237;as m&#225;s largo&#58; 3&#44;31 &#40;DE 4&#44;085&#41;&#46; El resto de corticosteroides no ten&#237;an m&#225;s de un d&#237;a en promedio&#46; Al comparar entre casos y controles&#44; se encontr&#243; una diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa entre el promedio de d&#237;as que se les aplic&#243; a los casos &#40;infectados del tracto respiratorio inferior&#41; y los controles &#40;no infectados&#41; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; en nuestro estudio se encontr&#243; que los pacientes que tomaron dexametasona durante m&#225;s de 5 d&#237;as aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar neumon&#237;a bacteriana 1&#44;520 veces comparados con aquellos que la consumieron durante menos tiempo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Perfil bioqu&#237;mico</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el perfil bioqu&#237;mico se evalu&#243; el perfil hematol&#243;gico &#40;eritrocitos&#44; leucocitos&#44; neutr&#243;filos&#44; linfocitos&#44; hemoglobina y plaquetas&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#41;&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; se evaluaron los marcadores pron&#243;sticos como d&#237;mero D&#44; ferritina y lactato deshidrogenasa &#40;LDH&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#41;&#46; En cuanto al perfil hem&#225;tico identificado en toda la poblaci&#243;n en UCI&#44; el promedio de eritrocitos fue de 4&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> c&#233;l&#47;&#956;l &#40;DE 1&#44;4&#41;&#44; el promedio de leucocitos fue de 15&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> c&#233;l&#47;&#956;L &#40;DE 6&#44;59&#41;&#44; el promedio del porcentaje de neutr&#243;filo fue del 85&#37; &#40;DE 8&#44;5&#41;&#44; el promedio de linfocitos fue de 7&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> c&#233;l&#47;&#956;L &#40;DE 6&#44;2&#41;&#44; el promedio de bas&#243;filos fue de 0&#44;16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> c&#233;l&#47;&#956;L&#46; El promedio de plaquetas fue de 280&#46;800 plaquetas&#47;&#956;L &#40;DE 110&#44;720&#41;&#46; En los hombres&#44; el promedio de hemoglobina fue de 12&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl &#40;DE 2&#44;3&#41;&#44; mientras que el de las mujeres fue de 11&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL &#40;DE 1&#44;9&#41;&#46; Cuando se evalu&#243; si hab&#237;a diferencias entre los que presentaron neumon&#237;a bacteriana y los que no&#44; se encontraron solo diferencias significativas en el valor de las plaquetas &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#46; En los otros par&#225;metros los valores de p fueron<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#46; Respecto a los valores de d&#237;mero D y LDH&#44; los valores promedio fueron 2&#46;188&#44;88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL &#40;DE 3&#46;401&#44;4&#41; y 399&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UI&#47;L &#40;DE 312&#44;2&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; El promedio de ferritina se distribuy&#243; entre los hombres y las mujeres&#46; La ferritina en hombres fue de 1&#46;659&#44;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL &#40;DE 851&#44;920&#41; y en las mujeres fue de 909&#44;38<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL &#40;DE 942&#44;6&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las infecciones bacterianas del tracto respiratorio inferior son complicaciones frecuentes de las neumon&#237;as virales en pacientes cr&#237;ticamente enfermos&#44; siendo poco estudiadas en Latinoam&#233;rica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;12&#44;13</span></a>&#46; Estas infecciones asociadas a la COVID-19 han ejercido una presi&#243;n sin precedentes en los sistemas de salud de la regi&#243;n&#44; conduciendo a la necesidad de hospitalizaci&#243;n en UCI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a>&#46; Esto se podr&#237;a asociar al uso excesivo de antibioticoterapia emp&#237;rica&#44; lo cual aumenta la probabilidad de muerte<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;16&#44;17</span></a>&#46; En este estudio se encontr&#243; que el 10&#44;07&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27&#41; de los cultivos de secreci&#243;n bronquial del tracto respiratorio inferior resultaron positivos para al menos una bacteria gramnegativa&#46; Este dato es inferior al evidenciado en un estudio de Goncalves Mendes Neto et al&#46;&#44; quienes encontraron que el 19&#37; de los aislamientos fueron positivos en pacientes cr&#237;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; mientras que en Espa&#241;a Garcia-Vidal et al&#46; plantearon que el 7&#44;4&#37; de los pacientes con COVID-19 presentaba neumon&#237;a bacteriana en el epitelio respiratorio&#44; incrementando el riesgo de desenlaces fatales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46; En un metaan&#225;lisis liderado por Lansbury et al&#46;&#44; concluyeron que aproximadamente el 7&#37; de los pacientes con COVID-19 ten&#237;an neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#44; lo que aument&#243; al 14&#37; solo en pacientes en una UCI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En pacientes con COVID-19 las comorbilidades cardiometab&#243;licas se han relacionado con mayores tasas de infecci&#243;n bacteriana en el epitelio respiratorio y con una mayor gravedad cl&#237;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a>&#59; en nuestro estudio no se evidenci&#243; dicha asociaci&#243;n&#46; En fases tempranas de la COVID-19&#44; en algunos estudios la proporci&#243;n de linfocitos T CD4&#43; y linfocitos T CD8&#43; se mantiene en niveles normales en pacientes con comorbilidades cardiometab&#243;licas&#44; disminuyendo la asociaci&#243;n con neumon&#237;a bacteriana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en nuestro estudio no se evaluaron estos niveles de linfocitos T CD4&#43; y linfocitos T CD8&#43;&#44; por lo que se propone la necesidad de hacer un estudio donde se eval&#250;e esta asociaci&#243;n&#46; De igual forma&#44; Crotty et al&#46; no encontraron ninguna diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa entre los pacientes que presentaban alguna comorbilidad cardiometab&#243;lica y la presencia de coinfecci&#243;n bacteriana &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los par&#225;metros hematol&#243;gicos como leucocitos&#44; neutr&#243;filos&#44; linfocitos y hemoglobina&#44; no se relacionaron con la presencia de neumon&#237;a bacteriana &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Buehler et al&#46; encontraron que los niveles de plaquetas son similares en los pacientes con neumon&#237;a bacteriana y en no infectados&#44; sin existir significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica en ambos grupos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; En nuestro estudio&#44; aunque en el an&#225;lisis bivariado se encontr&#243; una diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa en el conteo de plaquetas entre los pacientes que presentaban neumon&#237;a bacteriana y los que no la presentaban&#44; en el an&#225;lisis multivariado&#44; al ajustar las variables&#44; se evidenci&#243; que el n&#250;mero de plaquetas era estad&#237;sticamente similar tanto en los pacientes con neumon&#237;a bacteriana como en los que no presentaban infecci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La atenci&#243;n sanitaria ha tenido que responder y adaptarse r&#225;pidamente a los desaf&#237;os del uso de antimicrobianos en sospecha o curso de coinfecci&#243;n asociada a la COVID-19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;22</span></a>&#46; Seg&#250;n la Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud&#44; en situaciones de neumon&#237;a comunitaria grave se recomienda la aplicaci&#243;n de antimicrobianos intravenosos de amplio espectro dentro de la primera hora<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46; Estos incluyen el uso de macr&#243;lidos&#44; cefalosporinas de cuarta generaci&#243;n &#40;con factores de riesgo a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span>&#41;&#44; tetraciclinas y quinolonas&#44; teniendo en cuenta los factores del hu&#233;sped y el perfil epidemiol&#243;gico de resistencia local y hospitalaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;25</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En pacientes con neumon&#237;a comunitaria grave por COVID-19 se recomienda el uso de esquemas de antibioticoterapia emp&#237;rica como inhibidores betalact&#225;micos&#47;macr&#243;lidos y cefalosporinas&#47;macr&#243;lidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; hay diversas posiciones sobre el uso de antibioticoterapia emp&#237;rica&#46; Por ejemplo&#44; Du et al&#46; determinaron que el uso de antibioticoterapia emp&#237;rica de amplio espectro no modifica la evoluci&#243;n de la enfermedad en pacientes cr&#237;ticos dentro de su estudio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46; Esto es similar a lo publicado por Goncalves Mendes Neto et al&#46;&#44; donde la aplicaci&#243;n de antibioticoterapia emp&#237;rica en pacientes cr&#237;ticamente enfermos presentaba peores resultados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Por otra parte&#44; Bardi et al&#46; encontraron que la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes que recibieron un ciclo de cefalosporinas&#47;macr&#243;lidos presentaron neumon&#237;a bacteriana nosocomial asociada a la COVID-19 &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; En nuestro estudio encontramos bajas tasas de resistencia bacteriana en los cultivos de secreci&#243;n bronquial con al menos un aislamiento bacteriano&#44; pero s&#237; un alto consumo de antibioticoterapia emp&#237;rica generalizado&#44; parecido a lo encontrado por Nori et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Esto se explica por la incertidumbre cl&#237;nica&#44; la dificultad para diferenciar la progresi&#243;n y gravedad de la COVID-19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; lo cual genera un problema en la prescripci&#243;n emp&#237;rica en los centros de salud a nivel mundial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los corticosteroides son agentes antiinflamatorios utilizados en el s&#237;ndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda&#44; shock s&#233;ptico refractario y en algunas comorbilidades respiratorias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Actualmente&#44; el uso de glucocorticoides ha demostrado tener resultados positivos en la modulaci&#243;n de las respuestas inflamatorias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#44; la reducci&#243;n de la mortalidad a corto plazo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a> y un menor tiempo de VMI en pacientes con COVID-19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;32&#44;33</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; existen datos opuestos donde no se reduce el tiempo de eliminaci&#243;n del virus&#44; o la necesidad de VMI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#8211;37</span></a>&#46; Por esta raz&#243;n&#44; hay controversia en el uso de corticosteroides en el manejo de la infecci&#243;n respiratoria aguda por SARS-CoV-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Te&#243;ricamente&#44; la desregulaci&#243;n inmune secundaria a la infecci&#243;n por SARS-CoV-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;39</span></a> y el efecto inmunosupresor del uso de corticoides<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> son considerados factores relacionados de neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#44; pero no existe evidencia clara de esta relaci&#243;n&#46; En nuestros datos encontramos que en el consumo de corticoterapia generalizada &#40;metilprednisolona&#44; hidrocortisona&#44; betametasona&#41; no se encontr&#243; significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica para la presencia de neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#46; Por el contrario&#44; los pacientes con neumon&#237;a bacteriana ten&#237;an tasas elevadas de consumo de dexametasona &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#44; similar a lo reportado por Goncalves Mendes Neto et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; nuestro estudio es limitado en cuanto a responder a la asociaci&#243;n de causalidad-efecto entre la presencia de neumon&#237;a bacteriana y el uso de dexametasona&#46; Los glucocorticoides predisponen a una disminuci&#243;n de citocinas proinflamatorias&#44; factor nuclear kappa beta&#44; aumentando el riesgo de colonizaci&#243;n y neumon&#237;a bacteriana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; aumenta la captaci&#243;n viral del SARS-CoV-2 por las c&#233;lulas alveolares tipo 2&#44; afectando la secreci&#243;n del surfactante e inhibiendo el aclaramiento del l&#237;quido alveolar vectorial&#44; lo que se relaciona con la presencia de neumon&#237;a bacteriana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con respecto a los marcadores pron&#243;stico &#40;d&#237;mero D&#44; ferritina&#44; LDH&#41;&#44; estos niveles son similares en los pacientes con neumon&#237;a bacteriana y los que no estaban infectados&#44; no existiendo significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; En contraste&#44; Crotty et al&#46; encontraron que los niveles elevados de LDH eran superiores cuando el paciente presenta coinfecci&#243;n bacteriana del tracto respiratorio inferior &#40;1&#46;210<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UI&#47;l&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La neumon&#237;a bacteriana en pacientes con COVID-19 coloca en alarma los sistemas de salud en las UCI&#46; Durante la COVID-19 el cambio de flora bacteriana presionado por las intervenciones deliberadas de antimicrobianos augura un nuevo reto desde el enfoque del paciente con infecci&#243;n&#46; En este estudio se encontraron tasas bajas de neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#59; predomina la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> como la bacteria m&#225;s frecuente&#46; Se encontr&#243; un elevado consumo de terapia antibi&#243;tica emp&#237;rica&#44; por lo que se recomienda un mejor control&#44; estandarizaci&#243;n y creaci&#243;n de protocolos de uso seg&#250;n los patrones de resistencia de las instituciones cl&#237;nicas&#46; El uso excesivo de dexametasona en pacientes con COVID-19 en UCI podr&#237;a aumentar el riesgo de neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#46; Por este motivo&#44; debe evaluarse con mayor profundidad a trav&#233;s de la realizaci&#243;n de estudios cl&#237;nicos que puedan explicar causalidad y efecto&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1738917"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Objetivo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Pacientes"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Intervenciones"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Mediciones"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1533773"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1738918"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0045"
              "titulo" => "Design"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0050"
              "titulo" => "Patients"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0055"
              "titulo" => "Interventions"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0060"
              "titulo" => "Measurements"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0065"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0070"
              "titulo" => "Conclusion"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1533774"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materiales y m&#233;todos"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Selecci&#243;n de pacientes y dise&#241;o del estudio"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Resultados"
          "secciones" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Bacterias aisladas de secreci&#243;n bronquial en pacientes con COVID-19 despu&#233;s de 72 h de hospitalizaci&#243;n en UCI"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Enfermedades de base"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Estancia hospitalaria y soporte ventilatorio"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Tiempo de consumo de antibi&#243;ticos emp&#237;ricos"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Tiempo de consumo de corticoterapia"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Perfil bioqu&#237;mico"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Discusi&#243;n"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2021-04-02"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2021-07-14"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1533773"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "SARS-CoV-2"
            1 => "Neumon&#237;a bacteriana"
            2 => "Antibi&#243;ticos"
            3 => "Corticosteroides"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1533774"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "SARS-CoV-2"
            1 => "Bacterial pneumonia"
            2 => "Antibiotics"
            3 => "Corticosteroids"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar los factores relacionados con la neumon&#237;a bacteriana en pacientes con COVID-19 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de Barranquilla&#44; Colombia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de casos y controles anidado&#44; unic&#233;ntrico&#44; realizado entre marzo y agosto del 2020&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Pacientes</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pacientes mayores de 18 a&#241;os&#44; con una estancia hospitalaria mayor de 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h y soporte de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva&#44; admitidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Mediciones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se agruparon variables cl&#237;nicas para casos y controles&#46; Se calcularon medias y desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar en variables cuantitativas y proporciones en variables categ&#243;ricas&#46; Para evaluar las diferencias entre proporciones se us&#243; la prueba exacta de Fisher y para las diferencias de medias se us&#243; la prueba U de Mann-Whitney&#46; Las variables con diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa se corrieron en un modelo explicativo basado en regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica binaria&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Resultados</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La frecuencia de neumon&#237;a bacteriana fue del 10&#44;07&#37;&#44; encontrando un elevado consumo de terapia antibi&#243;tica emp&#237;rica&#46; Se encontr&#243; asociaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica entre el tiempo de uso de dexametasona &#40;OR 1&#44;520&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;131-2&#44;042&#41; y el desarrollo de neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#46; El resto de las variables no resultaron estad&#237;sticamente significativas tras ajustar el modelo con regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se encontraron tasas bajas de neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#44; predominando la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> como la bacteria m&#225;s frecuente&#46; El uso excesivo de dexametasona en pacientes con COVID-19 en la unidad de cuidados intensivos podr&#237;a aumentar el riesgo de neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#46; Por este motivo&#44; debe evaluarse con mayor profundidad para explicar causalidad y efecto&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:7 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Intervenciones"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Mediciones"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Objective</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the factors related to bacterial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 in an intensive care unit in Barranquilla&#44; Colombia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Design</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nested&#44; single-center case-control study&#44; conducted between March and August 2020&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Patients</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients over 18 years of age&#44; a hospital stay greater than 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; with invasive mechanical ventilation support admitted to the intensive care unit&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Interventions</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Measurements</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical variables were grouped for both cases and controls&#46; Means and standard deviation were calculated in quantitative variables and proportions in categorical variables&#46; Fisher&#39;s exact test was used to evaluate the differences between proportions&#44; and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for differences in means&#46; Variables with statistically significant differences were run in an explanatory model based on binary logistic regression&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The frequency of bacterial pneumonia was 10&#46;07&#37;&#44; finding a high consumption of empirical antibiotic therapy&#46; A statistical association was found between the time of dexamethasone use &#40;OR 1&#46;520&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;131-2&#46;042&#41; with the development of bacterial pneumonia&#46; The rest of the variables were not statistically significant after adjusting the model with logistic regression&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Low rates of bacterial pneumonia were found&#44; with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span> prevailing as the most frequent bacterium&#46; Overuse of dexamethasone in intensive care unit COVID-19 patients could increase the risk of bacterial pneumonia&#46; For this reason&#44; it must be evaluated in greater depth to explain causality and effect&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:7 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Design"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Patients"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0055"
            "titulo" => "Interventions"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0060"
            "titulo" => "Measurements"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0065"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0070"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1167
            "Ancho" => 2167
            "Tamanyo" => 136831
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Porcentaje de bacterias aisladas del tracto respiratorio en pacientes en UCI despu&#233;s de las 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de estancia hospitalaria&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="7" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Infecci&#243;n</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes mellitus tipo 2</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;3265&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hipertensi&#243;n arterial</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sobrepeso</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">81&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Prueba exacta de Fisher&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diferencia en la distribuci&#243;n de enfermedades de base presentadas en casos y controles</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; UCI&#58; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Casos</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controles</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estancia hospitalaria &#40;d&#237;as previos UCI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;6125&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estancia hospitalaria UCI &#40;d&#237;as&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;1848&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total d&#237;as hospitalizaci&#243;n&#40;hospital<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UCI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0939&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tiempo con ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica invasiva UCI &#40;d&#237;as&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;2944&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Prueba U de Mann-Whitney&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diferencia promedio de la estancia hospitalaria &#40;hospitalizaci&#243;n-UCI&#41; y tiempo con soporte ventilatorio de casos y controles</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Infecci&#243;n</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Tiempo consumo antibi&#243;tico emp&#237;rico &#40;d&#237;as&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Casos</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controles</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ampicilina-sulbactam</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;1940&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cefepima</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;1760&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ceftriaxona</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;4410&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Meropenem</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;3610&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Piperacilina-tazobactam</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;5480&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Azitromicina</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;3170&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Claritromicina</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Doxiciclina</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;3750&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vancomicina</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;5150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tiempo de consumo corticoterapia</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Betametasona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;7484&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dexametasona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hidrocortisona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;366&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Metilprednisolona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;5936&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Prueba U de Mann-Whitney&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diferencia en el tiempo promedio de consumo de antibi&#243;ticos emp&#237;ricos y corticoterapia entre casos y controles</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37; para OR</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Inferior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Superior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tiempo tomando claritromicina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;567&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;174&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;092&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tiempo tomando dexametasona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;520&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;131&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;042&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Constante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;029&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Modelo explicativo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0025"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at5"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; LDH&#58; lactato deshidrogenasa&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Casos</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controles</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Media&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Par&#225;metros hem&#225;ticos</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Eritrocitos &#40;&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> c&#233;l&#47;&#956;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;1748&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Leucocitos &#40;&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> c&#233;l&#47;&#956;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;1548&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neutr&#243;filos &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;8689&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Linfocitos &#40;&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> c&#233;l&#47;&#956;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;9400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoglobina &#40;g&#47;dL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;8177&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Plaquetas &#40;&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> c&#233;l&#47;&#956;L&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">249&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">300&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">113&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;0280&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Marcadores pron&#243;sticos</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D&#237;mero D &#40;ng&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;884&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;264&#44;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;368&#44;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;498&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;5052&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ferritina &#40;ng&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;571&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">959&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;397&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">918&#44;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;3804&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>LDH &#40;ng&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">391&#44;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">280&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">403&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">331&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;8547&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0020"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Prueba U de Mann-Whitney&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diferencia de los valores promedio de par&#225;metros hem&#225;ticos y marcadores pron&#243;sticos entre casos y controles</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:41 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The unrecognized threat of secondary bacterial infections with COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Vaillancourt"
                            1 => "P&#46; Jorth"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1128/mBio.02426-20"
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "mBio &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32994333"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Dong"
                            1 => "H&#46; Du"
                            2 => "L&#46; Gardner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Infect Dis &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "533"
                        "paginaFinal" => "534"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32087114"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0895435616000585"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "08954356"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Ministerio de Salud de Colombia&#46; COVID-19 en Colombia &#91;Internet&#93;&#46; Instituto Nacional de Salud&#46; 2020 &#91;consultado 27 Jun 2021&#93;&#46; p&#46; 1&#46; Disponible en&#58; https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ins&#46;gov&#46;co&#47;Noticias&#47;Paginas&#47;Coronavirus&#46;aspx"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bacterial and fungal colonization of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients should not be neglected"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Intra"
                            1 => "C&#46; Sarto"
                            2 => "E&#46; Beck"
                            3 => "N&#46; Tiberti"
                            4 => "V&#46; Leoni"
                            5 => "P&#46; Brambilla"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.185"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Infect Control &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1130"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1131"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32593810"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bacterial pulmonary superinfections are associated with unfavourable outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;K&#46; Buehler"
                            1 => "A&#46;S&#46; Zinkernagel"
                            2 => "D&#46;A&#46; Hofmaenner"
                            3 => "P&#46;D&#46; Wendel Garcia"
                            4 => "C&#46;T&#46; Acevedo"
                            5 => "A&#46; Gomez-Mejia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "medRxiv &#91;Internet&#93;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nosocomial infections associated to COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit&#46; Clinical characteristics and outcome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Bardi"
                            1 => "V&#46; Pintado"
                            2 => "M&#46; Gomez-Rojo"
                            3 => "R&#46; Escudero-Sanchez"
                            4 => "A&#46;A&#46; Lopez"
                            5 => "Y&#46; Diez-Remesal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Res Sq &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "15"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1878875017312548"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "18788750"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bacterial infections and patterns of antibiotic use in patients with COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Goncalves Mendes Neto"
                            1 => "K&#46;B&#46; Lo"
                            2 => "A&#46; Wattoo"
                            3 => "G&#46; Salacup"
                            4 => "J&#46; Pelayo"
                            5 => "R&#46; DeJoy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/jmv.26441"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Virol &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1489"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1495"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32808695"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Co-infections&#58; Potentially lethal and unexplored in COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Cox"
                            1 => "N&#46; Loman"
                            2 => "D&#46; Bogaert"
                            3 => "J&#46; O&#8217;Grady"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30009-4"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Microbe &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e11"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32835323"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The potential impacts of obesity on COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;A&#46;D&#46; Albashir"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Med &#40;Lond&#41; &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e109"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e113"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan&#44; China&#58; A retrospective cohort study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Zhou"
                            1 => "T&#46; Yu"
                            2 => "R&#46; Du"
                            3 => "G&#46; Fan"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Liu"
                            5 => "Z&#46; Liu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "395"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1054"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1062"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32171076"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1529943014017975"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "15299430"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bacterial co-infections with SARS-CoV-2"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Mirzaei"
                            1 => "P&#46; Goodarzi"
                            2 => "M&#46; Asadi"
                            3 => "A&#46; Soltani"
                            4 => "H&#46;A&#46;A&#46; Aljanabi"
                            5 => "A&#46;S&#46; Jeda"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/iub.2356"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "IUBMB Life &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "72"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2097"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2111"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32770825"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bacterial and fungal growth in sputum cultures from 165 COVID-19 pneumonia patients requiring intubation&#58; Evidence for antimicrobial resistance development and analysis of risk factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46;H&#46; Liu"
                            1 => "D&#46; Yaron"
                            2 => "A&#46;S&#46; Piraino"
                            3 => "L&#46; Kapelusznik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12941-021-00472-5"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "69"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34563202"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mechanisms of bacterial superinfection post-influenza&#58; A role for unconventional T cells"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Paget"
                            1 => "F&#46; Trottein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Immunol &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "10"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Understanding the role of bacterial and fungal infection in COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46;M&#46; Rawson"
                            1 => "R&#46;C&#46; Wilson"
                            2 => "A&#46; Holmes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.025"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Microbiol Infect &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "9"
                        "paginaFinal" => "11"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979569"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of the pandemic on antimicrobial consumption patterns"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;F&#46; Da Silva"
                            1 => "C&#46; Deutschendorf"
                            2 => "F&#46;M&#46; Nagel"
                            3 => "C&#46;H&#46; Dalmora"
                            4 => "R&#46;P&#46; dos Santos"
                            5 => "T&#46;C&#46; Lisboa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1017/ice.2020.1227"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1170"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1172"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962779"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antimicrobial use&#44; drug-resistant infections and COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "T&#46;M&#46; Rawson"
                            1 => "D&#46; Ming"
                            2 => "R&#46; Ahmad"
                            3 => "L&#46;S&#46;P&#46; Moore"
                            4 => "A&#46;H&#46; Holmes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/s41579-020-0395-y"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Microbiol &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "409"
                        "paginaFinal" => "410"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32488173"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the New York City pandemic surge"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Nori"
                            1 => "K&#46; Cowman"
                            2 => "V&#46; Chen"
                            3 => "R&#46; Bartash"
                            4 => "W&#46; Szymczak"
                            5 => "T&#46; Madaline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1017/ice.2020.368"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "84"
                        "paginaFinal" => "88"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32703320"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19&#58; A retrospective cohort study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Garcia-Vidal"
                            1 => "G&#46; Sanjuan"
                            2 => "E&#46; Moreno-Garc&#237;a"
                            3 => "P&#46; Puerta-Alcalde"
                            4 => "N&#46; Garcia-Pouton"
                            5 => "M&#46; Chumbita"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.041"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Microbiol Infect &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "83"
                        "paginaFinal" => "88"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32745596"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Co-infections in people with COVID-19&#58; A systematic review and meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Lansbury"
                            1 => "B&#46; Lim"
                            2 => "V&#46; Baskaran"
                            3 => "W&#46;S&#46; Lim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.046"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Infect &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "81"
                        "paginaInicial" => "266"
                        "paginaFinal" => "275"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32473235"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Immunological predictors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Al Balushi"
                            1 => "J&#46; AlShekaili"
                            2 => "M&#46; Al Kindi"
                            3 => "Z&#46; Ansari"
                            4 => "M&#46; Al-Khabori"
                            5 => "F&#46; Khamis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.056"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Infect Dis &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "110"
                        "paginaInicial" => "83"
                        "paginaFinal" => "92"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34216735"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Investigation of subsequent and co-infections associated with SARS-CoV-2 &#40;COVID-19&#41; in hospitalized patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;P&#46; Crotty"
                            1 => "R&#46;L&#46; Akins"
                            2 => "A&#46;T&#46; Nguyen"
                            3 => "R&#46; Slika"
                            4 => "K&#46; Rahmanzadeh"
                            5 => "M&#46;H&#46; Wilson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "medRxiv &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bacterial and fungal coinfection in individuals with coronavirus&#58; A rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;M&#46; Rawson"
                            1 => "L&#46;S&#46;P&#46; Moore"
                            2 => "N&#46; Zhu"
                            3 => "N&#46; Ranganathan"
                            4 => "K&#46; Skolimowska"
                            5 => "M&#46; Gilchrist"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/cid/ciaa530"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "71"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2459"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2468"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32358954"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "World Health Organization&#46; Clinical care for severe acute respiratory infection&#58; toolkit&#58; COVID-19 adaptation &#91;Internet&#93;&#46; Geneva&#58; WHO&#59; 2020&#46; &#91;consultado 2 abr 2021&#93;&#46; Disponible en&#58; https&#58;&#47;&#47;apps&#46;who&#46;int&#47;iris&#47;handle&#47;10665&#47;331736"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "COVID-19&#58; Don&#8217;t neglect antimicrobial stewardship principles&#33;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "B&#46;D&#46; Huttner"
                            1 => "G&#46; Catho"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Pano-Pardo"
                            3 => "C&#46; Pulcini"
                            4 => "J&#46; Schouten"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.024"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Microbiol Infect &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "808"
                        "paginaFinal" => "810"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360446"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia&#46; An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;P&#46; Metlay"
                            1 => "G&#46;W&#46; Waterer"
                            2 => "A&#46;C&#46; Long"
                            3 => "A&#46; Anzueto"
                            4 => "J&#46; Brozek"
                            5 => "K&#46; Crothers"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.201908-1581ST"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "200"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e45"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e67"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31573350"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan&#46; A retrospective observational study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Du"
                            1 => "L&#46; Tu"
                            2 => "P&#46; Zhu"
                            3 => "M&#46; Mu"
                            4 => "R&#46; Wang"
                            5 => "P&#46; Yang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.202003-0543OC"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "201"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1372"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1379"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32242738"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19&#59; A narrative review for emergency providers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Mehta"
                            1 => "M&#46; Mazer-Amirshahi"
                            2 => "N&#46; Alkindi"
                            3 => "A&#46; Pourmand"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.035"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Emerg Med &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1488"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1493"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32336586"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Association of corticosteroids use and outcomes in COVID-19 patients&#58; A systematic review and meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Tlayjeh"
                            1 => "O&#46;H&#46; Mhish"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; Enani"
                            3 => "A&#46; Alruwaili"
                            4 => "R&#46; Tleyjeh"
                            5 => "L&#46; Thalib"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Infect Public Health &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1652"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1663"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33008778"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0350"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High-dose corticosteroids in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;R&#46; Bernard"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Luce"
                            2 => "C&#46;L&#46; Sprung"
                            3 => "J&#46;E&#46; Rinaldo"
                            4 => "R&#46;M&#46; Tate"
                            5 => "W&#46;J&#46; Sibbald"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM198712173172504"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "317"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1565"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1570"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3317054"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome&#58; A multicentre&#44; randomised controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Villar"
                            1 => "C&#46; Ferrando"
                            2 => "D&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                            3 => "A&#46; Ambr&#243;s"
                            4 => "T&#46; Mu&#241;oz"
                            5 => "J&#46;A&#46; Soler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30417-5"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Respir Med &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "267"
                        "paginaFinal" => "276"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32043986"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S187887501731450X"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "18788750"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Use of glucocorticoids in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome&#58; A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Zayed"
                            1 => "M&#46; Barbarawi"
                            2 => "E&#46; Ismail"
                            3 => "V&#46; Samji"
                            4 => "J&#46; Kerbage"
                            5 => "F&#46; Rizk"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s40560-020-00464-1"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Intensive Care &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "43"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32612838"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0365"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Our strategies for fighting severe acute respiratory syndrome &#40;SARS&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46;S&#46; Zhong"
                            1 => "G&#46;Q&#46; Zeng"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200305-707OE"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "168"
                        "paginaInicial" => "7"
                        "paginaFinal" => "9"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12773318"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0370"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;M&#46; Arabi"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Mandourah"
                            2 => "F&#46; Al-Hameed"
                            3 => "A&#46;A&#46; Sindi"
                            4 => "G&#46;A&#46; Almekhlafi"
                            5 => "M&#46;A&#46; Hussein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.201706-1172OC"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "197"
                        "paginaInicial" => "757"
                        "paginaFinal" => "767"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29161116"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0375"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan&#44; China"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Wang"
                            1 => "B&#46; Hu"
                            2 => "C&#46; Hu"
                            3 => "F&#46; Zhu"
                            4 => "X&#46; Liu"
                            5 => "J&#46; Zhang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2020.1585"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "323"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1061"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32031570"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0380"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Low-dose corticosteroid therapy does not delay viral clearance in patients with COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "X&#46; Fang"
                            1 => "Q&#46; Mei"
                            2 => "T&#46; Yang"
                            3 => "L&#46; Li"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Wang"
                            5 => "F&#46; Tong"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.023"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Infect &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "81"
                        "paginaInicial" => "147"
                        "paginaFinal" => "178"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360498"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0385"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Ling"
                            1 => "S&#46;B&#46; Xu"
                            2 => "Y&#46;X&#46; Lin"
                            3 => "D&#46; Tian"
                            4 => "Z&#46;Q&#46; Zhu"
                            5 => "F&#46;H&#46; Dai"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chin Med J &#40;Engl&#41; &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "133"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1039"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1043"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0390"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 &#40;COVID-19&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Zha"
                            1 => "S&#46; Li"
                            2 => "L&#46; Pan"
                            3 => "B&#46; Tefsen"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Li"
                            5 => "N&#46; French"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med J Aust &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "212"
                        "paginaInicial" => "416"
                        "paginaFinal" => "420"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0395"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Efficacy and safety of corticosteroid treatment in patients with COVID-19&#58; A systematic review and meta-analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "W&#46; Cheng"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Li"
                            2 => "L&#46; Cui"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Chen"
                            4 => "S&#46; Shan"
                            5 => "D&#46; Xiao"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fphar.2020.571156"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Pharmacol &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "571156"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33013412"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0400"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "The RECOVERY Collaborative Group"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa2021436"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "384"
                        "paginaInicial" => "693"
                        "paginaFinal" => "704"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32678530"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0405"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Immune regulation by glucocorticoids"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;W&#46; Cain"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Cidlowski"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nri.2017.1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Immunol &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "233"
                        "paginaFinal" => "247"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28192415"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0410"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Corticosteroids&#44; COVID-19 pneumonia&#44; and acute respiratory distress syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Matthay"
                            1 => "K&#46;D&#46; Wick"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1172/JCI143331"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Invest &#91;Internet&#93;&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "130"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6218"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6221"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32976118"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/01227262/00000022000000S1/v1_202206240958/S0122726221000872/v1_202206240958/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "39561"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/01227262/00000022000000S1/v1_202206240958/S0122726221000872/v1_202206240958/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0122726221000872?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Suscribirse:

Comprar documento

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Suscribirse:

Comprar documento

Suscríbase a la newsletter
