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Inicio Cirugía Española Diagnóstico perioperatorio de malignidad asociada al bocio multinodular
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Vol. 76. Núm. 6.
Páginas 369-375 (diciembre 2004)
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Vol. 76. Núm. 6.
Páginas 369-375 (diciembre 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Diagnóstico perioperatorio de malignidad asociada al bocio multinodular
Perioperative diagnosis of malignancy in multinodular goiter
Visitas
6735
Antonio Ríos-Zambudioa,1
Autor para correspondencia
ARZRIOS@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. A. Ríos-Zambudio. Avda. de la Libertad, 208. 30007 Casillas. Murcia. España
, José Manuel Rodríguez-Gonzáleza, Manuel Canterasb, María Dolores Balsalobrea, Francisco Javier Tebarc, Pascual Parrillaa
a Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo I. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia
b Departamento de Bioestadística. Universidad de Murcia. Murcia
c Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España
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Resumen
Introducción

La incidencia de malignidad en el bocio multinodular (BM) oscila entre el 1 y el 10%; su diagnóstico es difícil, excepto si se dispone de una histología definitiva. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: a) determinar los factores clínicos de riesgo de malignidad del BM, y b) valorar la utilidad de la ecografía, la citología (PAAF) y la biopsia intraoperatoria (BIO) en el BM para detectar malignidad.

Pacientes y método

Se revisan 672 BM intervenidos, de los cuales 59 (8,8%) presentan un carcinoma tiroideo asociado. Se analizan diferentes variables, como los factores pronósticos, y los resultados de la ecografía, la PAAF y la BIO para descartar malignidad. El diagnóstico de estas exploraciones fue clasificado como positivo (indicativo de malignidad) y negativo (resto de diagnósticos) y se comparó con el de la histología definitiva con el fin de calcular el valor de dichas técnicas para el diagnóstico de malignidad.

Resultados

Las variables independientes asociadas a la presencia de carcinoma sobre un bocio son los antecedentes familiares de enfermedad tiroidea (riesgo relativo [RR] = 1,6), el antecedente de radioterapia cervical (RR = 1,8), el bocio recidivado (RR = 2,1) y las adenopatías cervicales (RR = 1,6). La ecografía presentó una sensibilidad del 14% para descartar malignidad, con un valor predictivo positivo del 29% y una seguridad diagnóstica del 89%. La PAAF presentó una sensibilidad del 17%, una especificidad del 96% y una seguridad diagnóstica del 88%, con un valor predictivo positivo del 32% y negativo del 88%. Por último, la BIO mostró una sensibilidad del 19%, una especificidad del 100%, un valor predictivo positivo del 100%, un valor predictivo negativo del 93% y una seguridad diagnóstica del 93%.

Conclusiones

La ecografía, la PAAF y la BIO tienen una baja sensibilidad para el diagnóstico de BM por lo que, ante la sospecha de malignidad, deben tenerse en cuenta los criterios clínicos en la toma de decisiones.

Palabras clave:
Bocio multinodular
Cáncer tiroideo
Ecografía cervical
Biopsia intraoperatoria
Punción-aspiración con aguja fina
Introduction

The incidence of malignancy in multinodular goiter (MG) ranges from 1-10% and diagnosis is difficult without definitive histology. The aims of this study were: a) to determine clinical risk factors for malignancy in MG, and b) to evaluate the utility of ultrasonography, cytology (fine-needle aspiration biopsy [FNAB]) and intraoperative biopsy (IOB) in MG to detect malignancy.

Patients and method

We reviewed 672 patients who underwent surgery for MG, of whom 59 (8.8%) had associated thyroid carcinoma. The prognostic significance of several factors was analyzed and the ability of ultrasonography, FNAB and IOB to rule out malignancy was evaluated. To calculate the value of these techniques in the diagnosis of malignancy, their results were classified as positive (suggestive of malignancy) and negative (remaining diagnoses) and were compared with those of definitive histology.

Results

The independent variables associated with the presence of carcinoma in MG were a family history of thyroid disease (RR=1.6), a history of cervical radiotherapy (RR=1.8), goiter recurrence (RR=2.1) and cervical adenopathies (RR=1.6). The sensitivity of ultrasonography in detecting malignancy was 14%, with a positive predictive value of 29% and a diagnostic accuracy of 89%. The sensitivity of FNAB was 17%, specificity was 96% and diagnostic accuracy was 88% with a positive predictive value of 32% and a negative predictive value of 88%. Lastly, the sensitivity of IOB was 19%, specificity was 100% and diagnostic accuracy was 93% with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 93%.

Conclusions

Ultrasonography, FNAB and IOB show low sensitivity in MG. Therefore, clinical criteria should be taken into account when taking decisions concerning suspected malignancy.

Key words:
Multinodular goiter
Thyroid cancer
Cervical ultrasonography
Intraoperative biopsy
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
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