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Inicio Cirugía Española Tumores sacropélvicos primarios y secundarios. Tratamiento con cirugía radical...
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Vol. 73. Núm. 2.
Páginas 78-87 (febrero 2003)
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Vol. 73. Núm. 2.
Páginas 78-87 (febrero 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Tumores sacropélvicos primarios y secundarios. Tratamiento con cirugía radical y radioterapia intraoperatoria
Primary and secondary sacropelvic tumors. Treatment with radical surgery and intraoperative radiation therapy(IORT)
Visitas
15652
José Luis García-Sabridoa,1
Autor para correspondencia
jlgsabrido@ciriii.hggm.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.L. García-Sabrido. Servicio de Cirugía General III. Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Doctor Esquerdo, 46. 28007 Madrid. España.
, Daniel Vegab, Felipe Calvoc, Luis Rodríguez-Bachillerb, Benjamín Díaz-Zoritab, Eladio Valdecantosd, Luis González-Bayónd,e, Julio Pérez-Ferreiroad, José Manuel Infantef, Laura Gómez-Lanzb
a Jefe Servicio Cirugía. Profesor Titular de Cirugía
b Residente de Cirugía
c Jefe Departamento Oncología. Profesor Titular Oncología Radioterápica
d Médico Adjunto de Cirugía
e Profesor Asociado de Cirugía
f Jefe de Sección de Cirugía. Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo III-Oncología Radioterápica. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Facultad de Medicina UCM. Madrid. España.
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Resumen
Introducción

La resección sacropélvica es el tratamiento de elección de los tumores primitivos o secundarios de los huesos pélvicos. Sin embargo, es una técnica compleja asociada a una elevada tasa de recidiva local. Para optimizar el control local y la supervivencia proponemos la asociación de radioterapia intraoperatoria (RIO) a la cirugía radical.

Pacientes y método

Desde 1997-2002 hemos evaluado a 17 pacientes, de los que 15 fueron operados. En 13 casos se realizó sacrectomía (siete por invasión de cáncer de recto, tres por cordomas sacros, uno por histiocitoma maligno, uno por neurofibrosarcoma y uno por condrosarcoma). En 2 pacientes se llevó a cabo una escisión subtotal del ilion izquierdo y del pubis por sarcomas de la región. En 7 casos se practicaron procedimientos asociados (3 exenteraciones pélvicas completas, 2 posteriores y 2 resecciones intestinales). En todos los casos se aplicó un componente de RIO sobre el área de resección, con dosis entre 10-12,5 Gy.

Resultados

Un paciente murió (6,5%) en el postoperatorio inmediato por infarto agudo de miocardio. Las complicaciones mayores incluyeron dos reoperaciones y 7 infecciones o retraso en la curación de la herida pelviperineal. El seguimiento medio ha sido de 26 meses (rango, 6-60 meses). Dos pacientes presentaron una recaída sistémica con metástasis a distancia, sin recidiva local, a los 41-48 meses de la cirugía. Los otros 13 pacientes siguen vivos, sin evidencia de enfermedad, a los 6-60 meses de la intervención quirúrgica.

Conclusiones

La invasión tumoral sacropélvica no debe ser considerada como signo de inoperabilidad. La prolongada supervivencia con control de los síntomas locales en el 86% de nuestros pacientes sometidos a cirugía radical y RIO avalan esta terapia multimodal. El presente artículo contribuye a la descripción de las indicaciones de resección sacropélvica, los tiempos técnicos y los resultados a medio plazo. Consideramos que la RIO durante la cirugía radical ha sido de gran importancia para el control local de la enfermedad. Según nuestro conocimiento, ésta es la primera descripción en España de una serie clínica de resección sacropélvica asociada a radioterapia intraoperatoria.

Palabras clave:
Sacrectomía
Resección sacropélvica
Resección abdominosacra
Cordoma sacro
Recidiva cáncer de recto
Radioterapia intraoperatoria
Introduction

Sacropelvic resection is the treatment of choice for primary and secondary pelvic bone tumors. However, it is a complex technique with a high rate of local recurrence. To optimize local control and survival rates, we propose the association of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) with radical surgery.

Material and methods

Between 1997 and 2002, 15 out of 17 evaluated patients underwent surgery. In 13 patients sacrectomy was performed (seven due to rectal cancer invasion, three for sacral chordomas, one for malignant histiocytoma, one for neurofibrosarcoma and one for chondrosarcoma). In two patients, subtotal resection of the left ilium and pubic bone was performed due to sarcomas in this region. Associated procedures were required in seven patients (three total pelvic exenterations, two posterior exenterations, and two intestinal resections). In all patients an IORT procedure was applied to the resection area using a dose of 10-12.5 Gy.

Results

One patient (6.5%) died in the immediate postoperative period from acute myocardial ischaemia. Severe complications included two reoperations and seven infections and/or delays in healing of the pelviperineal wounds. Mean follow-up was 26 months (range, 6-60 months). Two patients presented systemic recurrence with distant metastases without local recurrence between 41 and 48 months after surgery. The remaining 13 patients are still alive and show no evidence of disease 6-60 months after surgery.

Conclusions

Sacropelvic tumoral invasion should not be taken as a sign of inoperability. The prolonged survival rates with local symptom control in 86% of our patients treated with radical surgery and IORT supports the use of this multimodality therapy. The present article contributes to definition of the indications for sacropelvic resection, surgical times and medium-term results. We consider the use of IORT during radical surgery to be of the utmost importance for local control of the disease. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a clinical series undergoing sacropelvic resection and IORT in Spain.

Key words:
Sacrectomy
Sacropelvic resection
Abdominosacral resection
Sacral chordoma
Rectal cancer recurrence
Intraoperative radiaton therapy
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