metricas
covid
Buscar en
Cirugía Española
Toda la web
Inicio Cirugía Española Morbimortalidad y supervivencia tras la paliación de la obstrucción maligna de...
Información de la revista
Vol. 69. Núm. 5.
Páginas 473-476 (mayo 2001)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 69. Núm. 5.
Páginas 473-476 (mayo 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Morbimortalidad y supervivencia tras la paliación de la obstrucción maligna de la vía biliar
Morbidity, mortality and survival rates after palliative treatment of malignant bile duct obstruction
Visitas
5944
J.J. González1
Autor para correspondencia
jjglez@sci.cpd.uniovi.es

Correspondencia: Dr. E. Martínez Rodríguez. Julián Clavería, 6-6.°. 33006 Oviedo.
, L. Sanz, E. Azcano, F. Navarrete, E. Martínez
Servicio de Cirugía B. Hospital Central. Universidad de Oviedo. Oviedo
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Introducción

El desarrollo de nuevos procedimientos paliativos para el alivio de la obstrucción tumoral biliar exige el conocimiento de las distintas posibilidades de cada uno, la morbimortalidad asociada y la calidad de vida. El estudio de la supervivencia es la consecuencia lógica.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 114 pacientes con compromiso tumoral del drenaje biliar extrahepático, no subsidiarios de resección, la mayoría, 99 (86,8%) con ictericia en el momento del diagnóstico. Predominaron los tumores del área periampular (62 [54,4%]) y, en consecuencia, las obstrucciones distales (63 [55,3%]). La paliación se llevó a cabo por medios quirúrgicos en 65 casos (57%) y radiológicos en 46 (40,4%). Se realizó un análisis univariante para discriminar variables con influencia sobre la morbimortalidad, y el cálculo de la supervivencia de los pacientes válidos para seguimiento.

Resultados

La estancia hospitalaria postratamiento fue similar en ambos grupos; 47 pacientes (41,2%) tuvieron complicaciones y 35 (30,7%) fallecieron, la mayoría por problemas relacionados con ictericia y sepsis. La morbilidad, variada, se agrupa en tres grandes apartados: hemorragia, sepsis y obstrucción de la prótesis/catéter. De las variables estudiadas sólo los valores de bilirrubina condicionaron la muerte de los pacientes. La mediana de la supervivencia fue de 7 meses y sólo el 7% vivían a los 2 años.

Conclusiones

La morbimortalidad es elevada, independiente del método de paliación empleado. Los valores de bilirrubina influyen en la posibilidad de muerte.

Palabras clave:
Obstrucción de la vía biliar extrahepática
Tratamiento paliativo
Factores de riesgo
Introduction

Development of new palliative measures for relieving bile duct obstruction caused by malignant tumors is based on a good understanding of their scope in terms of the associated morbidity and mortality and quality of life. Hence the need to study the survival time of patients undergoing these palliative measures.

Material and methods

We performed a retrospective study of 114 patients with extrahepatic bile duct obstruction caused by non-resectable malignant tumor. Ninety-nine (86.8%) patients had jaundice at diagnosis. Sixty-two patients (54%) had periampullary tumors obstructing the distal part of the common bile duct. Sixty five patients (57%) underwent palliative surgery and 46 (40.4%) underwent radiotherapy. We performed a univariate analysis to identify the variables affecting morbidity and mortality and to calculate the survival time of the patients who could be followed up.

Results

Post-treatment hospital stay was similar in both groups. Forty seven (41.2%) patients developed complications, of whom 35 (30.7%) died, mainly as a result of jaundice and sepsis. The main complications were hemorrhage, sepsis, and obstruction of the prosthesis/catheter. Of the variables studied, only bilirubin level was positively correlated to fatal outcome. The median survival time was 7 months, and only 7% survived after 2 years.

Conclusions

Morbidity and mortality in the patients undergoing different palliative treatments for extrahepatic bile duct obstruction caused by a malignant tumour were high irrespective of the type of treatment. Bilirubin level was positively correlated to fatal outcome.

Key words:
Extrahepatic bile duct obstruction
Palliative treatment
Risk factors
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
H.A. Shepherd, G. Royle, A.P.R. Ross, A. Diba, M. Arthur, D. Colin-Jones.
Endoscopic biliary endoprosthesis in the palliation of malignant obstruction of the distal common bile duct: a randomized trial.
Br J Surg, 75 (1988), pp. 1166-1168
[2.]
P.C. Bornman, E.P. Harries-Jones, R. Tobias, G. Van Stiegmann, J. Terblanche.
Prospective controlled trial of transhepatic biliary endoprosthesis versus bypass surgery for incurable carcinoma of head of pancreas.
Lancet, 1 (1986), pp. 69-71
[3.]
R. Pichlmayr, A. Weimann, J. Klempnauer, K.J. Oldhafer, H. Maschek, G. Tusch, et al.
Surgical treatment in proximal bile duct cancer. A single- center experience.
Ann Surg, 224 (1996), pp. 628-638
[4.]
K.D. Lillemoe, H.A. Pitt.
Palliation. Surgical and otherwise.
[5.]
E.K. Salomonowitz, A. Adam, F. Antonucci, G. Stuckmann, C.L. Zollikofer.
Malignant biliary obstruction: treatment with self-expandable steel endoprosthesis.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 15 (1992), pp. 351-355
[6.]
K.D. Lillemoe, S.A. Barnes.
Paliación quirúrgica del carcinoma pancreático irresecable.
Surg Clin North Am (esp, 75 (1995), pp. 925-939
[7.]
M.A. Malangoni, D.M. McCoy, J.D. Richardson, L.M. Flint.
Effective palliation of malignant biliary tract obstruction.
Ann Surg, 201 (1985), pp. 554-559
[8.]
B. Meduri, J. Fritsch, G. Calogero.
Pancreatic cancer: palliative endoscopic biliary drainage.
Int J Pancreatol, 3 (1988), pp. S143-S146
[9.]
J.R. Andersen, S.M. Sorensen, A. Kruse, M. Rokkjaer, P. Matzen.
Randomised trial of endoscopic endoprosthesis versus operative bypass in malignant obstructive jaundice.
Gut, 30 (1989), pp. 1132-1135
[10.]
A.C. Smith, J.F. Dowsett, R.C.G. Russell, A.R.W. Hatfield, P.B. Cotton.
Randomised trial of endoscopic stenting versus surgical by-pass in malignant low bile duct obstruction.
Lancet, 344 (1994), pp. 1655-1660
[11.]
K.E. Bakkevold, B. Kambestad.
Morbidity and mortality after radical and palliative pancreatic cancer surgery. Risk factors influencing the short-term results.
Ann Surg, 217 (1993), pp. 356-368
[12.]
R. Pretre, O. Huber, J. Robert, C. Soravia, R.A. Egeli, A. Roher.
Results of surgical palliation for cancer of the head of the pancreas and periampullary region.
Br J Surg, 79 (1992), pp. 795-798
[13.]
B. Rumstadt, M. Schwab, P. Korth, M. Samman, M. Trede.
Hemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy.
Ann Surg, 227 (1998), pp. 236-241
[14.]
T. Diamond, R.W. Parks.
Perioperative management of obstructive jaundice.
Br J Surg, 84 (1997), pp. 147-149
[15.]
B.J. Fogarty, R.W. Parks, B.J. Rowlands, T. Diamond.
Renal dysfunction in obstructive jaundice.
Br J Surg, 82 (1995), pp. 877-884
[16.]
J.J.Y. Sung, S.C.S. Chung.
Endoscopic stenting for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction. A review of progress in the last 15 years.
Dig Dis Sci, 40 (1995), pp. 1167-1173
[17.]
J.C. Pereira-Lima, R. Jakobs, M. Maier, C. Benz, B. Kohler, J.F. Riemann.
Endoscopic biliary stenting for the palliation of pancreatic cancer: results, survival predictive factors, and comparison of 10-French with 11,5-French gauge stents.
Am J Gastroenterol, 91 (1996), pp. 2179-2184
[18.]
G. Molinari, V. Pugliese, G.C. Schito, C.A. Guzman.
Bacteria involved in the blockage of biliary stents and their susceptibility to antibacterial agents.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 15 (1996), pp. 88-92
[19.]
M.D. Ferrer, J. Calvete, M.S. Laso, J. Gil, E. Nogués.
Paliación de la ictericia obstructiva maligna mediante drenaje biliar y prótesis metálicas. Análisis de nuestra experiencia.
Cir Esp, 62 (1997), pp. 466-470
[20.]
P.H.P. Davids, A.K. Groen, E.A.J. Rauws, G.N.J. Tytgat, K. Huibregtse.
Randomised trial of self-expanding metal stents for distal malignant biliary obstruction.
Lancet, 340 (1992), pp. 1482-1492
[21.]
B.H. Lee, D.H. Choe, J.H. Lee, K.H. Kim, S.Y. Chin.
Metallic stents in malignant biliary obstruction: prospective long-term clinical results.
[22.]
J. Palmero da Cruz, M.D. Ferrer Puchol, J. Martínez Rodrigo, F. Blanes Masson.
Endoprótesis antoexpandibles en el tratamiento de la vía biliar obstruida.
Cir Esp, 56 (1994), pp. 357-362
[23.]
P. Rossi, M. Bezzi, M. Rossi, A. Adam, N. Chetty, M.E. Roddie, et al.
Metallic stents in malignant biliary obstruction: results of a multicenter European study of 240 patients.
J Vasc Interv Radiol, 5 (1994), pp. 279-285
[24.]
A. Aldeano, C. Sanz, J. Figueras, J. Domínguez, C. Sancho, L. Fernández Cabrera, et al.
Ictericia obstructiva neoplásica. Tratamiento paliativo con prótesis metálica autoexpandible.
Rev esp enferm dig, 87 (1995), pp. 625-631
[25.]
S.L. Kaufman.
Paliación percutánea del cáncer pancreático irresecable.
Surg Clin North Am (ed. esp.), 75 (1995), pp. 961-971
[26.]
R.P. Van den Bosch, G.P. Van der Schelling, J.H.G. Klin-Kenbijl, P.G.H. Mulder, M. Van Blankenstein, J. Jeekel.
Guidelines for the application of surgery and endoprosthesis in the palliation of obstructive jaundice in advanced cancer of the pancreas.
Ann Surg, 219 (1994), pp. 18-24
[27.]
R.W. Parks, G.W. Johnston, B.J. Rowlands.
Surgical biliary bypass for benign and malignant extrahepatic biliary tract disease.
Br J Surg, 4 (1997), pp. 488-492
[28.]
G.P. Van der Schelling, R.P. Van den Bosch, J.H.G. Klinkenbij, P.G.H. Mulder, J. Jeekel.
Is there a place for gastroenterostomy in patients with advanced cancer of the head of the pancreas?.
World J surg, 17 (1993), pp. 128-133
[29.]
I.B. Brune, H. Feussner, H. Neuhaus, M. Classen, J.R. Siewert.
Laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy and endocopic biliary stent placement for palliation of incurable gastric outlet obstruction with cholestasis.
Surg endosc, 11 (1997), pp. 834-837
[30.]
P. Watanapa, R.C.N. Williamson.
Surgical palliation for pancreatic cancer.
Br J Surg, 79 (1992), pp. 8-20
[31.]
W. Shima, R. Prokesch, C. Osterreicher, S. Thurnher, R. Függer, R. Schöfl, et al.
Biliary Wallstent endoprosthesis in malignant hilar obstruction: long-term results with regard to the type of obstruction.
Clin Radiol, 52 (1997), pp. 213-219
[32.]
E.A. Deitch, K. Sittig, M. Li, R. Berg, R.D. Specian.
Obstructive jaundice promotes bacterial translocation from the gut.
Am J Surg, 159 (1990), pp. 79-84
[33.]
J.M. Dixon, C.P. Armstrong, S.W. Duffy, G.C. Davies.
Factors affecting morbidity and mortality after surgery for obstructive jaundice: a review of 373 patients.
Gut, 24 (1983), pp. 845-852
[34.]
H.A. Pitt, A.S. Gomes, J.F. Lois, L.L. Mann, L.S. Deutsch, W.P. Longmire Jr..
Does preoperative percutaneous biliary drainage reduce operative risk or increase hospital cost?.
Ann Surg, 201 (1985), pp. 545-553

Presentado en parte en el European Congress of IHPBA'97. Hamburgo, Alemania, en junio de 1997.

Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos