Información de la revista
Vol. 30. Núm. 4.
Páginas 117-125 (enero 2003)
Vol. 30. Núm. 4.
Páginas 117-125 (enero 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Esteroides sexuales, terapia hormonal sustitutiva y prevención de las fracturas: perspectivas actuales
Visitas
13107
J. Balasch
Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia y Neonatologia. Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de Barcelona. Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS). Barcelona. España.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
F Albright, F Bloomberg, PH. Smith.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Trans Assoc Am Phys, 55 (1940), pp. 298-305
[2.]
F. Albright.
The effect of hormones on osteogenesis in man.
Rec Prog Horm Res, 1 (1947), pp. 293-353
[3.]
F Albright, EC Jr. Reifenstein.
Metabolic bone disease:osteoporosis.
The parathyroid glands and metabolic bone disease, pp. 145-204
[4.]
R. Lindsay.
Estrogen deficiency.
Osteoporosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management, 2nd, pp. 133-160
[6.]
HG. Burger.
The role of androgen therapy.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 16 (2002), pp. 383-393
[7.]
JC. Prior.
Progesterone as a bone-trophic hormone.
Endo-crinol Rev, 11 (1990), pp. 386-398
[8.]
JE. Compston.
Osteoporosis.
Clin Endocrinol, 33 (1990), pp. 653-682
[9.]
H. Rekers.
Mastering the menopause.
A portrait of the menopause, pp. 23-43
[10.]
TL. Bush.
Feminine forever revisited: menopausal hormone therapy in the 1990s.
J Women’s Health, 1 (1992), pp. 1-14
[11.]
JP Bilezikian, SJ. Silverberg.
Osteoporosis: a practical approach to the perimenopausal woman.
J Women’s Res, 1 (1992), pp. 21-27
[12.]
RT Burkman, JA Collins, RA. Greene.
Current perspectives on benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 185 (2001), pp. S13-23
[13.]
AM. Parfitt.
Bone remodeling and bone loss: Understanding the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
Clin Obstet Gynecol, 30 (1987), pp. 789-811
[14.]
SK Khosla, BL Riggs, LJ III. Melton.
Clinical spectrum.
Osteoporosis: Etiology, diagnosis, and management, 2, pp. 205-223
[15.]
BE Nordin, AG Need, BE Chatterton, M Horowitz, HA. Morris.
The relative contributions of age and years since menopause to postmenopausal bone loss.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 70 (1990), pp. 83-88
[16.]
ES rwoll, HD. Nelson.
Does estrogen adequately protect postmenopausal women against osteoporosis: an iconoclastic perspective.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84 (1999), pp. 1872-1874
[17.]
BL Riggs, S Khosla, J III. Melton.
Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton.
Endocr Rev, 23 (2002), pp. 279-302
[18.]
L. Rosenberg.
Hormone replacement therapy: the need for reconsideration.
Am J Public Health, 83 (1993), pp. 1670-1673
[19.]
BS Hulka, AT. Stark.
Breast cancer.
cause and prevention.Lancet, 346 (1995), pp. 883-887
[20.]
C Rodríguez, AV Patel, EE Calle, EJ Jacob, MJ. Thun.
Estrogen replacement therapy and ovarian cancer mortality in a large prospective study of US women.
JAMA, 85 (2001), pp. 460-465
[21.]
KL. Noller.
Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of ovarian cancer.
JAMA, 288 (2002), pp. 368-369
[22.]
L Wang, K. Arnold.
Hormone replacement therapy may be associated with increased ovarian cancer risk.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 94 (2002), pp. 467
[23.]
JA Cauley, DG Seeley, K Ensrud, B Ettinger, D Black, SR. Cummings.
Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women.
Ann Intern Med, 122 (1995), pp. 9-16
[24.]
Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer.
Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52 705 women with breast cancer and 108 411 women without breast cancer.
Lancet, 350 (1997), pp. 1047-1059
[25.]
MJ Stampfer, SE. Hankinson.
Estrogen and breast cancer: the duration connection.
Menopause, 4 (1997), pp. 123-124
[26.]
JM. Dixon.
Hormone replacement therapy and the breast: we should worry about the increase in the risk of breast cancer.
Br Med J, 323 (2001), pp. 1381-1382
[27.]
R. Marcus.
Post-menopausal osteoporosis.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 16 (2002), pp. 309-327
[28.]
BS. Hulka.
Links between hormone replacement therapy and neoplasia.
Fertil Steril, 62 (1994), pp. S168-175
[29.]
M. Notelovitz.
The non-hormonal management of menopause.
pp. 102-115
[30.]
M. Notelovitz.
Osteoporosis: screening, prevention, and management.
Fertil Steril, 59 (1993), pp. 707-725
[31.]
EJ. Bassey.
Exercise in primary prevention of osteoporosis in women.
Ann Rheum is, 54 (1995), pp. 861-862
[32.]
JV Pinkerton, R. Santen.
Use of alternatives to estrogen for treatment of menopause.
Minerva Endocrinol, 27 (2002), pp. 21-41
[33.]
T. Randall.
Women need more and better information on menopause from their physicians.
JAMA, 270 (1993), pp. 1664
[34.]
PD. Delmas.
Biochemical markers for the assessment of bone turnover.
Osteoporosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management, 2nd, pp. 319-333
[35.]
CC Johnston, LJ III. Melton.
Bone densitometry.
Osteoporosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management, 2nd, pp. 275-297
[36.]
C. Christiansen.
Hormone replacement therapy – standardized or individually adapted doses? – effect on bone mass.
The modern management of the menopause, pp. 33741
[37.]
BL Riggs, S. Khosla.
Practical clinical management.
Osteoporosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management, 2nd, pp. 487-502
[38.]
R. Lindsay.
The menopause: sex steroids and osteoporosis.
Clin Obstet Gynecol, 30 (1987), pp. 847-859
[39.]
DT Felson, Y Zhang, MT Hanna, DP Kiel, PW Wilson, JJ. Anderson.
The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone density in elderly women.
N Engl J Med, 329 (1993), pp. 1141-1146
[40.]
EF Eriksen, DS Colvard, NJ Berg, ML Graham, KG Mann, TC Spelsberg, et al.
Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells.
Science, 241 (1988), pp. 84-86
[41.]
BS Komm, CM Terpening, NJ Benz, KA Graeme, A Galle-gos, M Korc, et al.
Estrogen binding, receptor mRNA, and biologic response in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells.
Science, 241 (1988), pp. 81-84
[42.]
LPC Schot, AHWM. Schuurs.
Sex steroids and osteoporosis: effects of deficiencies and substitutive treatments.
JSteroid Biochem Molec Biol 1, 37 (1990), pp. 167-182
[43.]
A. DeCherney.
Physiologic and pharmacologic effects of estrogen and progestins on bone.
J Reprod Med, 38 (1993), pp. 1007-1014
[44.]
JE. Compston.
Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis: clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Reprod.
Endocr Rev, 3 (1994), pp. 209-224
[45.]
SC Manolagas, S Kousteni, RL. Jilka.
Sex steroids and bone.
Rec Prog Horm Res, 57 (2002), pp. 385-409
[46.]
SC. Manolagas.
Cell number versus cell vigor – what really matters to a regenerating skeleton?.
Endocrinology, 140 (1999), pp. 4377-4381
[47.]
S Kousteni, T Bellido, LI Plotkin, CA O’Brien, DL Bodenner, L Han, et al.
Nongenotropic, sex-nonspecific signaling through the estrogen or androgen receptors: Dissociation from transcriptional activity.
Cell, 104 (2001), pp. 719-730
[48.]
bis., M. Notelovitz.
Androgen effects on bone and muscle.
Fertil Steril, 77 (2002), pp. S34-S41
[49.]
R Fujimura, N Ashizawa, M Watanabe, N Mukai, H Amagai, T Fukubayashi, et al.
Effect of resistance exercise training on bone formation and resorption in young male subjects assessed by biomarker of bone metabolism.
J Bone Miner Res, 12 (1997), pp. 656-662
[50.]
GA Rodan, SB. Rodan.
The cells of bone.
Osteoporosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management, 2nd, pp. 1-39
[51.]
O Gregoriou, E Kouskouni, P Bakas, S Konidaris, K Papa-dias, A Kalovidouris, et al.
Bone mineral density in women with idiopathic hirsutism.
Gynecol Endocrinol, 14 (2000), pp. 364-368
[52.]
JV Zhorowski, JA Cauley, EO Talbott, DS Guzick, SJ. Winters.
Bone mineral density, androgens and the polycystic ovary: the complex and controversial issue of androgenic influence in female bone.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 67 (2000), pp. 937-943
[53.]
C Castelo-Branco, O Gómez, F Pons, de Osaba MJ Martinez, J Balasch, JA Vanrell, et al.
Secreting Ovarian Tumors May Protect Women from Osteoporosis. En prensa.Gynecol Oncol.
[54.]
C Castelo-Branco, JJ Vicente, F Figueras, A Sanjuan, de Osaba MJ Martinez, E Casals, et al.
Comparative effects of estrogens plus androgens and tibolone on bone, lipid pattern and sexuality in postmenopausal women.
Maturitas, 34 (2000), pp. 161-168
[55.]
DV Spicer, MC Pike, A Pike, R Rude, D Shoupe, J. Richard-son.
Pilot trial of a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist with replacement hormones as a prototype contraceptive to prevent breast cancer.
Contraception, 47 (1993), pp. 427-444
[56.]
MC Pike, DV. Spicer.
Hormonal contraception and chemo-prevention of female cancers.
Endocr Relat Cancer, 7 (2000), pp. 73-83
[57.]
M. Notelovitz.
Overview of bone mineral density in postme-nopausal women.
J Reprod Med, 47 (2002), pp. 71-81
[58.]
H Abdalla, DM Hart, R Lindsay, I Leggate, A. Hooke.
Prevention of bone mineral loss in postmenopausal women by norethisterone.
Obstet Gynecol, 66 (1985), pp. 789-792
[59.]
BJ Riis, C Christiansen, JS Johansen, J. Jacobson.
Is it possible to prevent bone loss in young women treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists?.
J Clin En-docrinol Metab, 70 (1990), pp. 920-924
[60.]
JM Eldred, PJ Haynes, EJ. Thomas.
A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial of the effects on bone metabolism of the combination of nafarelin acetate and noret-histerone.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf, 37 (1992), pp. 354-359
[61.]
JC Prior, YM Vigna, SI Barr, C Rexworthy, BC. Lentle.
Cyclic medroxyprogesterone treatment increases bone density: a controlled trial in active women with menstrual cycle disturbance.
Am J Med, 96 (1994), pp. 521-530
[62.]
JC Gallagher, WT Kabel, D. Goldgar.
Effect of progestin therapy on cortical and trabecular bone: comparison with estrogen.
Am J Med, 90 (1991), pp. 171-178
[63.]
T Cundy, M Evans, H Roberts, D Wattie, R Ames, IR. Reid.
Bone density in women receiving depot medroxipro-gesterone acetate for contraception.
BMJ, 303 (1991), pp. 13-16
[64.]
T Cundy, CM Farquhar, J Cornish, IR. Reid.
Short-term effects of high dose oral medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone density in premenopausal women.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81 (1996), pp. 1014-1017
[65.]
RA Lobo, L. Speroff.
International consensus conference on postmenopausal hormone therapy and the cardiovascular system.
Fertil Steril, 61 (1994), pp. 592-595
[66.]
L Speroff, J Rowan, J Symons, H Genant, W. Wilborn.
The comparative effect on bone density, endometrium and lipids of continuous hormones as replacement therapy (Chart Study.
JAMA, 276 (1996), pp. 1397-1403
[67.]
The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial.
Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density. Results from the post-menopausal estrogen/progesterone intervention (PEPI) trial.
JAMA, 276 (1996), pp. 1389-1396
[68.]
MC Slootweg, AGH Ederveen, LPC Schot, WGEJ Schoonen, HJ. Kloosterboer.
Oestrogen and progestogen synergistically stimulate human and rat osteoblast proliferation.
J Endocrinol, 133 (1992), pp. R5-R8
[69.]
LL Wei, MN Leach, RS Miner, LM. Demers.
Evidence for progesterone receptors in human osteoblast-like cells.
Biochem Biophys Res Comm, 195 (1993), pp. 525-532
[70.]
VC Jordan, MH Jeng, WH Catherino, CJ. Parker.
The estrogenic activity of synthetic progesting used in oral contraceptives.
Cancer, 71 (1993), pp. 1501-1505
[71.]
MH Jeng, J Parker, C. Jordan.
Estrogenic potential of progestins in oral contraceptives to stimulate human breast cancer cell proliferation.
Cancer Res, 52 (1992), pp. 6539-6546
[72.]
RP. Heaney.
The role of nutrition in prevention and management of osteoporosis.
Clin Obstet Gynecol, 30 (1987), pp. 833-846
[73.]
MY. Dawood.
Hormonal therapies for endometriosis: implications for bone metabolism.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 159 (1994), pp. 22-34
[74.]
C Tudor-Locke, RS. McColl.
Factors related to variation in premenopausal bone mineral status: a health promotion approach.
Osteoporsis Int, 11 (2000), pp. 1-24
[75.]
JC. Stevenson.
Pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis.
Obstet Gynecol, 75 (1990), pp. S36-41
[76.]
NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy.
Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.
JAMA, 285 (2001), pp. 785-795
[77.]
D Grady, SM Rubin, DB Petiti, CS Fox, D Black, B Ettinger, et al.
Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women.
Ann Intern Med, 117 (1992), pp. 1016-1037
[78.]
D Grady, SR. Cummings.
Postmenopausal hormone therapy for prevention of fractures: how good is the evidence?.
JAMA, 285 (2001), pp. 2909-2910
[79.]
JY Reginster, O Bruyere, M Audran, B Avouac, JJ Body, G Bouvenot, al et.
on behalf of the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (GREES.
Calcif Tissue Int, 67 (2000), pp. 191-194
[80.]
C. Laine.
Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: how could we have been so wrong?.
Ann Intern Med, 137 (2002), pp. 290
[81.]
B. Vastag.
Hormone replacement therapy falls out of favor with expert committee.
JAMA, 287 (2002), pp. 1923-1924
[82.]
SE McNagny, NK. Wenger.
Postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy.
N Engl J Med, 346 (2002), pp. 63
[83.]
JA Cauley, DM Black, E Barrett-Connor, F Harris, K Shields, W Applegate, et al.
Effects of hormone replacement therapy on clinical fractures and height loss: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS.
Am JMed, 110 (2002), pp. 442-450
[84.]
S Hulley, C Furberg, E Barret-Connor, J Cauley, D Grady, W Haskell, al et.
for the HERS Research Group. Noncar-diovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II.
JAMA, 288 (2002), pp. 58-66
[85.]
Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators.
Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. Principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.
JAMA, 288 (2002), pp. 321-333
[86.]
SR Cummings, DM Black, DE Thompson, WB Applegate, E Barret-Connor, TA Musliner, et al.
Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial.
JAMA, 280 (1998), pp. 2077-2082
[87.]
MR McClung, P Geusens, PD. Miller.
Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women: HIP Intervention Program.
N Engl J Med, 344 (2001), pp. 333-340
[88.]
KE Ensrud, L Palermo, DM Black, J Cauley, M Jergas, ES Orwoll, et al.
Hip and calcaneal bone loss increase with advancing age: longitudinal results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.
J Bone Miner Res, 10 (1995), pp. 1778-1787
[89.]
HD Nelson, J Rizzo, E Harris, J Cauley, K Ensrud, DC Bauer, et al.
Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group (2002a) Osteoporosis and fractures in postmeno-pausal women using estrogen.
Arch Intern Med, 162 (2002), pp. 2278-2284
[90.]
College of Physicians. American.
Guidelines for counseling postmenopausal women about preventive hormone therapy.
Ann Intern Med, 117 (1992), pp. 1038-1041
[91.]
E Hemminki, S. Sihvo.
A review of postmenopausal hormone therapy recommendations: potential for selection bias.
Obstet Gynecol, 82 (1993), pp. 1021-1028
[92.]
MJ. Friedrich.
Recent studies bring risks, benefits of hormone replacement therapy under scrutiny.
J Natl Cancer Instit, 93 (2002), pp. 1287-1288
[93.]
DM. Herrington.
The HERS trial results: paradigms lost?Ann.
Intern Med, 131 (1999), pp. 463-466
[94.]
LL Humphrey, BKS Chan, HC. Sox.
Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the primary prevention ofcardiovascular disease.
Ann Intern Med, 137 (2002), pp. 273-284
[95.]
HD Nelson, LL Humphrey, P Nygren, SM Teutsch, JD. Allan.
Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Scientific review.
JAMA, 288 (2002), pp. 872-881
[96.]
JA Simon, DB Hunninghake, SK Agarwal, F Lin, JA Cau-ley, CC Ireland, et al.
Effect of estrogen plus progestin on risk for biliary tract surgery in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study.
Ann Intern Med, 135 (2001), pp. 493-501
[97.]
JV Jr Lacey, PJ Mink, JH Lubin, ME Sherman, R Troisi, P Hartge, et al.
Menopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of ovarian cancer.
JAMA, 288 (2002), pp. 334-341
[98.]
T Riman, PW Dickman, S Nilsson, N Correia, H Nordlinder, CM Magnusson, et al.
Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer in swedish women.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 94 (2002), pp. 497-504
[99.]
T Riman, PW Dickman, S Nilsson, N Correia, H Nordlinder, CM Magnusson, et al.
Risk factors for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer: results from a swedish case-control study.
Am J Epidemiol, 156 (2002), pp. 363-373
[100.]
Rodr, C guez, AV Patel, EE Calle, EJ Jacob, MJ. Thun.
Estrogen replacement therapy and ovarian cancer mortality in a large prospective study of US women.
JAMA, 285 (2002), pp. 1460-1465
[101.]
GA. Bachmann.
The hypoandrogenic woman: pathophysiologic overview.
Fertil Steril, 77 (2002), pp. S72-76
[102.]
GA Bachmann, J Bancroft, G Braunstein, H Burger, S Davis, L Dennerstein, et al.
Female androgen insufficiency: the Princeton consensus statement on definition, classification and assessment.
Fertil Steril, 77 (2002), pp. 660-665
[103.]
PM. Sarrel.
Androgen deficiency: menopause and estrogen-related factors.
Fertil Steril, 77 (2002), pp. S63-67
[104.]
JA. Simon.
Estrogen replacement therapy: effects on the endogenous androgen milieu.
Fertil Steril, 77 (2002), pp. S77-82
[105.]
LG Raisz, B Wiita, A Artis, A Bowen, S Schwartz, M Trahiotis, et al.
Comparison of the effects of estrogen alone plus and estrogen plus androgen on biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in postmenopau-sal women.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81 (1996), pp. 37-43
[106.]
JF Dorgan, P Boudou, FZ Stanczyk, C Longcope, EA Tejpar, RT Falk, et al.
Sources of elevated serum androgens in postmenopausal women who develop breast cancer.
Cancer Epidemiol Biom Prev, 10 (2001), pp. 407-410
[107.]
DJ Liao, RB. Dickson.
Roles of androgens in the development, growth, and carcinogenesis of the mammary gland.
JSter Bioche Mol Biol, 80 (2002), pp. 175-189
[108.]
RM Neer, CD Arnaud, JR Zanchetta, R Prince, GA Gaich, JY Reginster, et al.
Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
N Engl J Med, 344 (2001), pp. 1434-1441
[109.]
CJ Rosen, JP. Bilezikian.
Anabolic therapy for osteoporosis.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86 (2001), pp. 957-964
[110.]
SC. Manolagas.
Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis.
Endocr Rev, 21 (2002), pp. 115-137
Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados