metricas
covid
Buscar en
Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia
Toda la web
Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia Los límites de la prematuridad: recién nacidos con un peso al nacer inferior o...
Información de la revista
Vol. 30. Núm. 4.
Páginas 126-132 (enero 2003)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 30. Núm. 4.
Páginas 126-132 (enero 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Los límites de la prematuridad: recién nacidos con un peso al nacer inferior o igual a 650 g
Visitas
3695
J.A. De Leó, M.P. Pintado, O. Román,, V. de la Fuente, E. Sanz, M. Sánchez-Luna, A. Aguarón
Servicios de Obstetricia, Ginecología y Neonatología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Summary

Objective: To study the clinical, maternal, and neonatal characteristics of newborns with a birthweight of ≤?650 g.

Material and methods: Of a total of 25,977 deliveries, 77 (0.29%) had a birthweight of ≤?650 g. We excluded 22 (28.6%), who had died in utero. A study was made of 42 newborns, grouped according to weight. Group I: ≤?550 g 32 infants (58.2%) and group II: > 550 g ≤?650 g, 23 infants (41.8%). Maternal and neonatal characteristics are analysed according to groups, and morbimortality is highlighted.

Results: The percentage of vaginal deliveries in group I was higher and the percentage of patients having antepartum tocolysis was much lower (p <0.05 %). Apart from gestational age, the rest of the variables studied showed no significant differences between groups. The mortality rate in the paediatric unit during the first 72 hours was 78.2%, the percentage of neonatal deaths was significantly greater in group I (p <0.05%). Hyaline membrane disease, late neonatal sepsis and intraventricular haemorrhage were, respectively, the most frequently found pathologies in these neonates during this period.

Conclusions: The differences found support the therapeutical and ethical difficulties found in this type of patients, who are at the outer limits of viability. However, the knowledge that we have of this type of patient is the greatest weapon that we have to improve their life conditions. The challenge becomes greater, but the cost/benefit of our results still needs to be defined

Resumen

Objetivo: Estudiar las características clínicas, maternas y neonatales del conjunto de recién nacidos con peso al nacer ≤650 g.

Pacientes y método: Del total de 25.977 partos, 77 (0,29%) tenían un peso al nacer ≤650 g. Se ha descartado a 22 niños (28,6%) que habían muerto intraútero. Realizando el estudio sobre 42 recién nacidos, los hemos agrupado según el peso. El grupo I: ≤550 g(n = 32; 58,2%) y el grupo II: > 550 g ≤650 g (n = 23;41,8%). Se analizan las características maternas y neonatales en función de los grupos y se hace hincapié en la morbimortalidad.

Resultados: En el grupo I, el porcentaje de partos vaginales fue mayor y el porcentaje de pacientes en el que se utilizó tocólisis anteparto fue mucho menor (grupo I) (p < 0,05). Adiferencia de la edad gestacional, el resto de las variables estudiadas no presentó diferencias significativas entre los grupos. La mortalidad durante el período de ingreso en neonatología supuso el 78,2% y, dentro de las primeras 72 h, el porcentaje de recién nacidos que fallecieron fue significativamente mayor en el grupo I(p < 0,05). La enfermedad de membrana hialina, la sepsis neonatal tardía y la hemorragia intraventricular, respectivamente, fueron las enfermedades aparecidas con mayor frecuencia en estos pequeños durante el período neonatal.

Conclusiones: Las diferencias encontradas apoyarían la dificultad terapéutica, ética, analítica y crítica en este colectivo, al rozar los límites de la viabilidad. Pero el conocimiento de estos recién nacidos conforma la principal arma para mejorar sus condiciones de vida. El reto es cada vez mayor, pero queda por definir el coste/beneficio de nuestros resultados.

El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
SEGO
[2.]
MM Slattery, JJ. Morrison.
Preterm delivery.
Lancet, 360 (2002), pp. 1489-1497
[3.]
S Shankaran, AA Fanaroff, LL Wright, DK Stevenson, EF Do-novan, RA Ehrenkranz, et al.
Risk factors for early death among extremely low-birth-weight infants.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 186 (2002), pp. 796-802
[4.]
GJ Hindmarsh, MJ O’Callaghan, HA Mohay, YM. Rogers.
Gender differences in cognitive abilities at 2 years in ELBW infants. Extremely low birth weight.
Early Hum Dev, 60 (2000), pp. 115-122
[5.]
N Ambalavanan, WA. Carlo.
Comparison of the prediction of extremely low birth weight neonatal mortality by regression analysis and by neural networks.
Early Hum Dev, 65 (2001), pp. 123-137
[6.]
ET Hille, Ouden AL den, S Saigal, D Wolke, M Lambert, A Whitaker, et al.
Behavioural problems in children who weigh 1000 g or less at birth in four countries.
Lancet, 357 (2001), pp. 1641-1643
[7.]
MI Rowe, KK Reblock, AG Kurchubasche, PJ. Healey.
Necrotizing enterocolitis in the extremely low birth weight infant.
J Pediatr Surg, 29 (1994), pp. 987-990
[8.]
M Hack, LL Wright, S SHankaran, JE Tyson, JD Horbar, CR Bauer, et al.
Very-low-birth-weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network, November 1989 to October 1990.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 172 (1995), pp. 457-464
[9.]
AA Fanaroff, LL Wright, DK Stevenson, S Shankaran, EF Do-novan, RA Ehrenkranz, et al.
Very-low-birth-weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, May 1991 through December 1992.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 173 (1995), pp. 1423-1431
[10.]
TH Koh, L Collie, D. Budge.
Providing information to parents of extremely premature newborns.
JAMA, 287 (2002), pp. 41-43
[11.]
V Tommiska, K Heinomen, S Ikonen, P Kero, ML Pokela, M Renlund, et al.
A national short-term follow-Up study of extremely low birth weight infants born in Finland in 1996-1997.
Pediatrics, 107 (2001),
[12.]
de la Cruz A Aguarón, JA De León-Luis, P Pintado, A Roldán, J López-Galián, S. Resino.
Patrones maternos en los re-cién nacidos con edad gestacional entre 26-28 semanas vs aquellos con edades gestacionales menores a 26 semanas. Acta Pediátrica Española.
[13.]
W Lindner, S Vossbeck, H Hummler, F. Pohlandt.
Delivery room management of extremely low birth weight infants: spontaneous breathing or intubation?.
Pediatrics, 103 (1999), pp. 961-967
[14.]
JA Lemons, CR Bauer, W Oh, SB Korones, LA Papile, BJ Stolle, et al.
Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network Pediatrics.
[15.]
JL Peabody, GI. Martin.
From how small is too small to how much is too much. Ethical issues at the limits of neontal viability.
Clin Perinatol, 23 (1996), pp. 473-489
[16.]
JC Partridge, H Freeman, E Weiss, AM. Martinez.
Delivery room resuscitation decisions for extremely low birthweight infan ts in California.
J Perinatol, 21 (2001), pp. 27-33
[17.]
MA Berry, M Abrahamowicz, RH. Usher.
Factors associated with growth of extremely premature infants during initial hospitalization.
Pediatrics, 1004 (1997), pp. 640-646
[18.]
W Meadow, T Reimshisel, J. Lantos.
Birth weight-specirfic mortality for extremely low birth weight infants vanishes by four days of life: epidemiology and ethics in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Pediatrics, 97 (1996), pp. 636-643
[19.]
LA Agustines, YG Lin, PJ Rumney, MC Lu, R Bonebrake, T Asrat, et al.
Outcomes of extremely low-birth-weight infants between 500 and 750 g.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 182(5 (2000), pp. 1113-1116
[20.]
M Hack, H Friedman, AA. Fanaroff.
Outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants..
Pediatrics, 98 (1996), pp. 931-937
[21.]
AG. Philip.
Neonatal mortality rate: is further improvement possible?.
J Pediatr, 126 (1995), pp. 427-433
[22.]
de la Cruz A Aguarón, JA De León-Luis, MP Pintado, A Roldan, A. López-Galián.
Recién nacido con edad gestacional menor o igual a 28 semanas, trasladado a un hospital terciario.
Acta Pediátrica Española, 60(10 (2002), pp. 626-631
[23.]
RW Doroshow, JE Hodgman, JJ Pomerance, JW Ross, VJ Mi-chel, PM Luckett, et al.
Treatment decisions for newborns at the threshold of viability: an ethical dilemma.
J Perinatol, 20 (2000), pp. 379-383
[24.]
TA Iannucci, PG Tomich, JG. Gianopoulos.
Etiology and outcome of extremely low-birth-weight infants.
Am J Obs-tet Gynecol, 174 (1996), pp. 1896-1900
[25.]
P. Crowley.
Prophylactic corticosteroids for preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
[26.]
C Celik, A Acar, N Cicek, H Koc, D Ak, C. Akyurek.
Corti-costeroid treatment for prevention of prematurity complications.
Arch Gynecol Obstet, 267 (2002), pp. 90-94
[27.]
JT Wells, LR. Ment.
Prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.
Early Hum Dev, 42 (1995), pp. 209-233
[28.]
DJ. Davis.
How aggressive should delivery room cardiopul-monary resuscitation be for extremely low birth weight neonates?.
Pediatrics, 92 (1993), pp. 447-450
[29.]
JJ Paris, F. Reardon.
Bad cases make bad law: HCA. Miller is not a guide for resuscitation of extremely premature newborns.
J Perinatol, 21 (2001), pp. 541-544
[30.]
AJ. Catlin.
Physician’s neonatal resuscitation of extremely low-birth-weight preterm infants.
Neonatal Netw, 19 (2000), pp. 25-32
Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos