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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia Los límites de la prematuridad: recién nacidos con un peso al nacer inferior o...
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Vol. 30. Núm. 4.
Páginas 126-132 (enero 2003)
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Vol. 30. Núm. 4.
Páginas 126-132 (enero 2003)
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Los límites de la prematuridad: recién nacidos con un peso al nacer inferior o igual a 650 g
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J.A. De Leó, M.P. Pintado, O. Román,, V. de la Fuente, E. Sanz, M. Sánchez-Luna, A. Aguarón
Servicios de Obstetricia, Ginecología y Neonatología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España.
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Summary

Objective: To study the clinical, maternal, and neonatal characteristics of newborns with a birthweight of ≤?650 g.

Material and methods: Of a total of 25,977 deliveries, 77 (0.29%) had a birthweight of ≤?650 g. We excluded 22 (28.6%), who had died in utero. A study was made of 42 newborns, grouped according to weight. Group I: ≤?550 g 32 infants (58.2%) and group II: > 550 g ≤?650 g, 23 infants (41.8%). Maternal and neonatal characteristics are analysed according to groups, and morbimortality is highlighted.

Results: The percentage of vaginal deliveries in group I was higher and the percentage of patients having antepartum tocolysis was much lower (p <0.05 %). Apart from gestational age, the rest of the variables studied showed no significant differences between groups. The mortality rate in the paediatric unit during the first 72 hours was 78.2%, the percentage of neonatal deaths was significantly greater in group I (p <0.05%). Hyaline membrane disease, late neonatal sepsis and intraventricular haemorrhage were, respectively, the most frequently found pathologies in these neonates during this period.

Conclusions: The differences found support the therapeutical and ethical difficulties found in this type of patients, who are at the outer limits of viability. However, the knowledge that we have of this type of patient is the greatest weapon that we have to improve their life conditions. The challenge becomes greater, but the cost/benefit of our results still needs to be defined

Resumen

Objetivo: Estudiar las características clínicas, maternas y neonatales del conjunto de recién nacidos con peso al nacer ≤650 g.

Pacientes y método: Del total de 25.977 partos, 77 (0,29%) tenían un peso al nacer ≤650 g. Se ha descartado a 22 niños (28,6%) que habían muerto intraútero. Realizando el estudio sobre 42 recién nacidos, los hemos agrupado según el peso. El grupo I: ≤550 g(n = 32; 58,2%) y el grupo II: > 550 g ≤650 g (n = 23;41,8%). Se analizan las características maternas y neonatales en función de los grupos y se hace hincapié en la morbimortalidad.

Resultados: En el grupo I, el porcentaje de partos vaginales fue mayor y el porcentaje de pacientes en el que se utilizó tocólisis anteparto fue mucho menor (grupo I) (p < 0,05). Adiferencia de la edad gestacional, el resto de las variables estudiadas no presentó diferencias significativas entre los grupos. La mortalidad durante el período de ingreso en neonatología supuso el 78,2% y, dentro de las primeras 72 h, el porcentaje de recién nacidos que fallecieron fue significativamente mayor en el grupo I(p < 0,05). La enfermedad de membrana hialina, la sepsis neonatal tardía y la hemorragia intraventricular, respectivamente, fueron las enfermedades aparecidas con mayor frecuencia en estos pequeños durante el período neonatal.

Conclusiones: Las diferencias encontradas apoyarían la dificultad terapéutica, ética, analítica y crítica en este colectivo, al rozar los límites de la viabilidad. Pero el conocimiento de estos recién nacidos conforma la principal arma para mejorar sus condiciones de vida. El reto es cada vez mayor, pero queda por definir el coste/beneficio de nuestros resultados.

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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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