Since the first report of coronary artery aneurysms,1 several investigators have reported multiple aneurysm associations from many different arteries. The rare association of coronary aneurysm with intracranial aneurysm is reported.2 More often associations between coronary and abdominal aortic aneurysm has also been described.3,4 This paper reports a patient with an association of artery aneurysms that has never been reported before.
CASE REPORTA 64-year-old man with previously known coronary artery disease presented with acute coronary syndrome in the last two hours. Physical examination showed tachycardia (180beats/min), blood pressure was 100x60mmHg, and ECG showed ventricular tachycardia. Successful electrical cardioversion was performed and sinus rhythm with nonspecific changes in ventricular repolarization was observed. Chest x-ray revealed aorta enlargement and serum troponin levels were undetected. Coronary angiography was performed and showed occluded left circumflex artery and a 90% obstruction in the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by an aneurysm (fig. 1A). On CT angiogram, a 10.1 cm descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (fig. 1B), a 4.0 cm abdominal aortic aneurysm and a 6.8 cm right iliac artery aneurysm (fig. 1C) were observed. Cerebral angioresonance showed a 1.8 cm basilar artery aneurysm (fig. 1D).
Two surgeries were programmed during the same hospitalization. The first one consisted of ligation of the LAD coronary aneurysm, coronary bypass with LIMA to LAD, saphenous vein graft to left circumflex artery, followed by exclusion of the descending thoracic aneurysm with an endovascular aortic stent through the aortic arch approach in total circulatory arrest. After recovery, an aortic bi-iliac graft was performed, because the patient had a 4.0 cm infra renal aortic aneurysm and a 6.8 cm right iliac artery aneurysm. Pathology findings showed that all lesions were atherosclerotic. All the procedures were uneventful and the patient was discharged with neurological and cardiovascular follow up.
DISCUSSIONAs aneurysms in general, the coronary artery aneurysm is defined as a coronary dilatation that exceeds 1.5 times the diameter of normal adjacent segments or the diameter of the patient's largest coronary vessel5.
Based upon antemorten angiographic studies, the incidence of coronary aneurysms varies from 1.5% to 4.9% in the presence of coronary artery disease.4 In spite of a close correlation between abdominal aortic aneurysm and coronary artery disease, the association with coronary aneurysm is less frequent and often related to atherosclerotic disease3 as it is in this report. Other rare manifestations of coronary aneurysm associated with multiple peripheral vascular aneurysms reported were due to hyperhomocysteinemia.6 The association of coronary and intracranial aneurysms is uncommon, being restricted to few cases.2
The surgical intervention of coronary artery aneurysm ligation is performed to eliminate potential complications of expansion, rupture and embolization. Treatment of the descending aorta with an aortic stent through the arch is a combined procedure that allows surgical fixation of the stent in an ideal landing zone
An extensive review of literature revealed no reports of associated intracranial artery aneurysm, coronary artery aneurysm, descending and abdominal aortic aneurysms, and iliac artery aneurysm. Therefore, this case is reported on account of its rarity.