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Vol. 10. Núm. 32.
Páginas 111-147 (septiembre 2007)
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Vol. 10. Núm. 32.
Páginas 111-147 (septiembre 2007)
Open Access
Configuraciones organizativas en sectores dinámicos y hostiles: adecuación al contexto sectorial, coherencia interna y resultados
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2436
P.M. García Villaverde
, M.ªJ. Ruiz Ortega**
* Departamento de Administración de Empresas, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. de los Alfares, 44, 16002, Cuenca. Tfno: 902 204 100. Fax: 902 204 130
** Departamento de Administración de Empresas, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Plaza de la Universidad, 1, 02071, Albacete. Tfno: 902 204 100. Fax: 902 204 130
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Resumen

En este trabajo estudiamos, desde un enfoque configuracional, la existencia de diferencias de resultados entre las configuraciones organizativas en función de su coherencia interna y su adecuación a las características del sector. A partir de una muestra de 231 empresas de un sector dinámico y hostil —Electrónica, Informática y Telecomunicaciones— , analizamos las configuraciones organizativas que conviven en el mismo. Hemos obtenido seis configuraciones organizativas, que nos permiten aproximarnos a la tipología de Zammuto (1988), incorporando nuevas dimensiones estratégicas y empresariales para explorar su coherencia interna, vinculadas a las estrategias adoptadas, las capacidades, el proceso estratégico y el proceso de desarrollo de nuevos productos. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran la mayoría de las hipótesis planteadas, aunque algunas de ellas de manera débil en función de la medida de resultados utilizada. Detectamos una configuración de empresas exitosas —prospectores/r-generalistas— que, pese a ser seguidoras tempranas y no alcanzar la mayor amplitud de dominio, obtienen unos resultados superiores al resto de configuraciones, debido a su adecuación a la dinamicidad y hostilidad del contexto sectorial y a la fuerte coherencia interna de los factores analizados.

Palabras clave:
configuración organizativa
coherencia interna
tipología de Zammuto (1988)
sectores dinámicos y hostiles
resultado
Abstract

In this paper we study, from a configurational approach, the existence of performance differences between organizational configurations depending on their internal coherence and their adaptation to the environment characteristics. From a sample of 231 firms in a dynamic and hostile sector —Electronic, Information and Telecommunications—, we analyze the organizational configurations that coexist in it. We have obtained six configurations, that allow us to come closer to the Zammuto (1988) typology, adding new strategic and managerial variables in order to explain their internal coherence. These variables are related to the strategies adopted, capabilities, strategic process and new product development process. The obtained results corroborate most of the proposed hypothesis, although some of them in a weak way depending on the measure of performance included in the analysis. We find a configuration of successful firms —prospectors/r-generalists— that, in spite of being early entrants and not having a broad domain in the market, these firms obtain a greater performance than the other configurations, because of their adaptation to the dynamism and hostility of the environmental context and to the strong internal coherence of the analyzed factors.

Key words:
organizational configuration
internal coherence
Zamuto (1988) typology
dynamic and hostile sector
performance
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