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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "568" "paginaFinal" => "571" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana M. Palomar, Aránzazu Portillo, Paula Santibáñez, Sonia Santibáñez, José A. Oteo" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana M." "apellidos" => "Palomar" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Aránzazu" "apellidos" => "Portillo" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Paula" "apellidos" => "Santibáñez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sonia" "apellidos" => "Santibáñez" ] 4 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "José A." "apellidos" => "Oteo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jaoteo@riojasalud.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Rickettsiosis y Enfermedades Transmitidas por Artrópodos Vectores, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro-CIBIR, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia miyamotoi</span>: ¿un patógeno a tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico de enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas en España?" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> (Spirochaetes; Spirochaetales; Borreliaceae) includes two clades, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span> sensu lato and the relapsing fever complex. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia miyamotoi</span> is a tick-borne pathogen belonging to the latter group that has been recently associated with human clinical cases<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> infections have been reported in North America, Asia and Europe, with human cases in The Netherlands and Germany.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> This spirochete is transmitted by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ixodes</span> ticks, including <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ixodes ricinus</span> (Europe), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ixodes persulcatus</span> (Asia) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ixodes scapularis</span> (North America). The microorganism has been amplified from ticks, with higher prevalence in nymphal stages, and from vertebrates in several countries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> To date, no reports of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> presence have been published from Spain, but the occurrence of high populations of its vector (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I. ricinus</span>) made us suspect on its circulation. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I. ricinus</span> is the most prevalent species in the North of Spain and it is responsible for most tick-bites.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> This area is endemic for Lyme disease (LD), the most common tick-borne illness in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere with an increasing occurrence in many regions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6</span></a> Thus, our aim was to investigate the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burdorgferi</span> s.l. in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I. ricinus</span> nymphs from the North of Spain.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ticks were selected from the collection of the Center of Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases (Logroño, Spain), and chosen according to this criterion: questing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I. ricinus</span> nymphs from La Rioja and neighboring areas. Nymphs were selected because nymphal stage is the one that most frequently bites humans in the studied area<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and their highest abundance overlaps with most LD cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Moreover, the highest prevalences for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> infection have been reported in nymphs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> A total of 652 nymphs collected from La Rioja (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>372), Álava (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>139), Cantabria (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17) and Navarra (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>124) were studied (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). DNA was individually extracted using two incubations of 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min each with 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μL of ammonium hydroxide 0.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M at 100 and 90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, respectively. Conventional PCR assays were performed using KAPA Taq PCR Kit (Kapa Biosystems (Pty) Ltd, SA), following manufacturer's instructions. PCRs targeting 16S rRNA mitochondrial genome of ticks were performed for all samples to validate the DNA extraction procedure. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> spp. screening was performed using PCR assays for 16S rRNA and flagellin (single-run) genes. In addition, PCRs for the partial glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glpQ</span>) gene were carried out. This gene is present in the relapsing fever complex but not in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> complex. Lastly, nested PCR assays targeting a species-specific flagellin region for the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> s.l. detection were used (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). Negative and positive controls (DNA from <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I. ricinus</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia spielmanii</span>) were included in all assays. The amplicons of interest were purified with llustra™ ExoProStar™ Kit (GE Healthcare, UK). Sequencing reactions were performed using BigDye Terminator Kit (Applied Biosystems, Inc., CA) with sequence product resolution (ABI Prism 3130). Nucleotide sequences were compared with those available in NCBI database using BLAST (<a id="intr0005" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi">http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All samples tested positive for the partial 16S rRNA gene of ticks. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> spp. were detected in 4.6% (30/652) of ticks. The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glpQ</span> nucleotide sequences corresponding to 4 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I. ricinus</span> from La Rioja were homologous to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> sequences from GenBank. Moreover, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> s.l. was amplified in 27 samples using a nested-flagellin-PCR. Sequences showed presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia afzelii</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia garinii</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia lusitaniae</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3), <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia valaisiana</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> sensu stricto (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1) in ticks from La Rioja. In addition, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. garinii</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. lusitaniae</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5) were detected in Álava and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. valaisiana</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2) in Navarra. One tick from La Rioja showed coinfection with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. afzelii</span>. Only one amplicon corresponding to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. garinii</span> was obtained with the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span>-specific 16S rRNA PCRs (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). No samples yielded positive PCR results using a single-run flagellin PCR assay.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sequences corresponding to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> found in Spain were submitted to GenBank under accession number MG136725. Sequences corresponding to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. garinii</span> that differed from those previously included in the database were submitted to GenBank under accession numbers MG136723-24. Remaining sequences are available upon request to the authors.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study demonstrates the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> in the North of Spain, and it corroborates the circulation of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> genospecies (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. afzelii</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. garinii</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. lusitaniae</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. valaisiana</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> s.s.), all agents of LD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The complete spectrum of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> infection is being written. Non-European patients commonly presented a nonspecific flu-like febrile syndrome, and some of them showed an erythema migrans.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Accordingly, we have found co-infection with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. afzelii</span>.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span>-related human cases have been reported from Russia, with a clinical picture of fever and malaise in almost 100% cases, followed by myalgia, chills, nausea and arthralgia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Patients from USA and Japan presented similar clinical characteristics. Only one immunocompromised patient from USA suffered from neurological involvement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Two cases have been reported in Europe, both in non-febrile immunocompromised patients with a tick-bite history. In the meningoencephalitis case reported from The Netherlands, an immunocompromised 70-year-old-man affected by a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed a slow cognitive process, memory deficits and disturbed gait. He had pleocytosis with raised protein values in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serological assays for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> were inconclusive (positive C6 assay and, negative and indeterminate IgM and IgG western-blot). Treated like a Lyme neuroborreliosis, the patient recovered with 2-week-course of ceftriaxone (2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g IV). <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> infection was retrospectively confirmed using darkfield microscopy and PCRs on blood and CSF.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In the German case, a 74-year-old-woman with a previous non-Hodgkin lymphoma developed a syndrome resembling Lyme neuroborreliosis (dizziness, vomiting and headache) with pleocytosis and raised proteins on CSF. Serological assays against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> were negative for serum and CSF. The infection was diagnosed by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span>-DNA amplification on CSF. The patient recovered under prescription of ceftriaxone (2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g IV; 3 weeks).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since there are not commercial tests available for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span>, and serological tests for diagnosing LD are equivocal or negative, we must have a high level of suspicion for diagnosing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> infection. Spirochetes can be observed by darkfield microscopy or stain during the acute phase although, to date, only positive PCRs on blood or other sterile fluids like CSF can demonstrate <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> infection. Doxycycline and ceftriaxone have been successfully prescribed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Herein, we have found 3 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> recognized pathogenic genospecies (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. afzelii</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. garinii</span>, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> s.s.). The remaining genospecies amplified, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. valaisiana</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. lusitaniae</span>, have been occasionally implicated in clinical cases, although their pathogenicity is still uncertain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> All these genospecies had been previously reported from Spain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12–14</span></a> In this country, most LD cases are diagnosed in the North, where <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. garinii</span> was hypothesized as the main pathogen.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Nevertheless, the high prevalence of other recognized pathogens found in this study, e.g. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. afzelii</span>, suggests that other <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> species could cause LD in Spain.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to our data, the prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> in ticks is lower than the one of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> s.l. This tendency had been previously observed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,8</span></a> Nevertheless, the dynamics of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> transmission remains unknown and human cases of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> infection could have been undetected or misdiagnosed.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The discrepancies between the results obtained using the nested and the single-run PCRs suggest that the latter have low sensitivity, although they have been reported as useful assays for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> spp. detection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary, we report the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> genospecies in the vector, and the circulation in Spain of a non-previously reported tick-borne pathogen, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span>, that must be considered in patients with neurological syndrome and/or fever after a confirmed or suspected tick-bite.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Addendum</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While we were screening ticks for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> detection, Dr Pablo Díaz Fernández (Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain) personally communicated the finding of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> in ticks from Galicia (unpublished data).</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1100766" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1041686" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1100765" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1041687" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Addendum" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack373940" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-07-18" "fechaAceptado" => "2017-10-19" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1041686" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia miyamotoi</span>" 1 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span> s.l." 2 => "Lyme disease" 3 => "Ticks" 4 => "Spain" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1041687" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia miyamotoi</span>" 1 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span> s.l." 2 => "Enfermedad de Lyme" 3 => "Garrapatas" 4 => "España" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia miyamotoi</span> is a tick-borne pathogen belonging to the relapsing fever group. It had not been reported from Spain, but its wide distribution and the presence of the tick-vector (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ixodes ricinus</span>) made us suspect its circulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> spp. in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I. ricinus</span> in Spain.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 652 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I. ricinus</span> nymphs collected in northern Spain were processed. The DNA was extracted using incubations with ammonium hydroxide. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> spp. DNA was amplified using <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span>-specific PCR assays (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glpQ</span>, 16S rRNA and flagellin genes).</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> was amplified in 4 specimens, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span> sensu lato in 27 (8 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia afzelii</span>, 7 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia garinii</span>, 8 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia lusitaniae</span>, 3 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia valaisiana</span> and 1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> sensu stricto).</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> should be considered in the differential diagnoses of patients with confirmed or suspected tick-bite in Spanish endemic areas for Lyme disease.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia miyamotoi</span>, patógeno del grupo de las fiebres recurrentes transmitido por garrapatas, no había sido encontrado en España. Su amplia distribución y la presencia del vector <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(Ixodes ricinus)</span> nos hizo sospechar su circulación. El objeto del estudio fue investigar la presencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> spp. en <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I. ricinus</span> de España.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se procesaron 652 ninfas recogidas en el norte de España. El ADN se extrajo mediante incubaciones de amonio. Se llevaron a cabo PCR específicas para la amplificación de ADN de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> spp. (genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glpQ</span>, ARNr 16S y flagelina).</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se amplificó <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> en 4 ejemplares y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span> sensu lato en 27 (8 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia afzelii</span>, 7 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia garinii</span>, 8 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia lusitaniae</span>, 3 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia valaisiana</span> y 1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span> sensu stricto).</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi</span> debe ser considerado en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes con picadura o posible picadura de garrapata en zonas endémicas de enfermedad de Lyme.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Province \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Area (Coordinates) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">No. of ticks \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="6" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> positive samples (% of identity; GenBank accession number)</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. miyamotoi (glpQ)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. afzelii</span> (nested <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">flaB</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. garinii</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. lusitaniae</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. valaisiana</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. burgdorferi</span> s.s. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Álava \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Izki<br>(42°42′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N;2°29′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">139 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 (99.7; EU401782)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a><br>1 (99.7;HM345902)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5 (100;LC035454) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cantabria \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Coo<br>(43°16′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N;4°6′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">La Rioja \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Almarza de Cameros<br>(42°14′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N;2°35′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 (100;KX885481) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 (100;CP018262)<br>1 (100;KR782215) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 (100;KT347456)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a><br>1 (100;KT347455) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 (100;DQ788618) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 (100;CP009117) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1(100;CP002312) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Daroca<br>(42°22′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N;2°35′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">117 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 (100;CP018262) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 (100;AY342023) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 (100;LC035454) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Lumbreras<br>(42°6′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N;2°36′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a> (100;KX885481) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a> (100;CP018262) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 (100;CP018262) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 (100;AY342023) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Tobía<br>(42°17′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N;2°50′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 (100;KX885481) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 (100;KR782215) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Villalba de Rioja<br>(42°3′7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N;2°53′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Navarra \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Urbasa<br>(42°49′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>N;2°9′<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">124 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2 (100;CP009117) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="10" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">652 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4 (0.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 (1.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7 (1.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">8 (1.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3 (0.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1 (0.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1883334.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">A single change: an ‘A’ in base number 219 compared to EU401782 sequence from GenBank.</p>" ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">A single change: a ‘G’ in base number 272 compared to HM345902 sequence from GenBank.</p>" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">This sample was also positive with the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span>-specific 16S rRNA PCR assay, and the nucleotide sequences were homologous to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B. garinii</span> deposited on GenBank under the accession number CP007564.</p>" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0020" "etiqueta" => "d" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Same nymph specimen.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ixodes ricinus</span> nymphs processed in this study and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> species detected.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Target gene \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Primer sequence (5′→3′) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Fragment size (bp) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Reference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tick species \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16S rRNA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CTGCTCAATGATTTTTTAAATTGCTGTGG<br>CCGGTCTGAACTCAGATCAAGT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">456 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span> spp.</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16S rRNA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GCTGGCAGTGCGTCTTAAGC<br>GCTTCGGGTATCCTCAACTC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1350 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Flagellin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AGAATTAATMGHGCWTCTGATGATG<br>TGCYACAAYHTCATCTGTCATT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">764 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia miyamotoi</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glpQ</span> (seminested)</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ATGGGTTCAAACAAAAAGTCACC<br>CATTACTGTGTCAGTAAAATCTGTAAATATACCATCTAC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">920 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ATGGGTTCAAACAAAAAGTCACC<br>CCAGGGTCCAATTCCATCAGAATATTGTGCAAC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">700 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span> s.l.</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top">Flagellin (nested)</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AARGAATTGGCAGTTCAATC<br>GCATTTTCWATTTTAGCAAGTGATG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">497 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ACATATTCAGATGCAGACAGAGGTTCTA<br>GAAGGTGCTGTAGCAGGTGCTGGCTGT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">389 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1883335.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PCR primer pairs and conditions used in this study.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia miyamotoi</span>: a widespread tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. 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We also thank Lourdes Romero for the support with the processing of samples.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/0213005X/0000003600000009/v1_201810300628/S0213005X17303208/v1_201810300628/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "8593" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Originales breves" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/0213005X/0000003600000009/v1_201810300628/S0213005X17303208/v1_201810300628/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213005X17303208?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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Brief report
Borrelia miyamotoi: Should this pathogen be considered for the diagnosis of tick-borne infectious diseases in Spain?
Borrelia miyamotoi: ¿un patógeno a tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico de enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas en España?
Ana M. Palomar, Aránzazu Portillo, Paula Santibáñez, Sonia Santibáñez, José A. Oteo
Autor para correspondencia
Centro de Rickettsiosis y Enfermedades Transmitidas por Artrópodos Vectores, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro-CIBIR, Logroño (La Rioja), Spain