metricas
covid
Buscar en
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Toda la web
Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Update on bacterial infections in immunosuppressed patients
Información de la revista
Vol. 25. Núm. S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Páginas 12-18 (enero 2007)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 25. Núm. S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Páginas 12-18 (enero 2007)
“Update on infectious diseases”
Acceso a texto completo
Update on bacterial infections in immunosuppressed patients
Actualización de las infecciones bacterianas en los pacientes con inmunosupresión
Visitas
880
José Mensaa,
Autor para correspondencia
jmensa@clinic.ub.es

Correspondence: Dr. J. Mensa. Hospital Clinic. Infectious Diseases Service. Villarroel, 170. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
, Javier Garaub, Isidro Jarquec, Pilar Luqued, Albert Pahissae, Joaquín Portillaf, Miguel Salavertc, Miguel Ángel Sanzc, Amparo Soléc, Rafael de la Cámarag
a Hospital Clínico. Barcelona. Spain
b Hospital Mutua de Terrassa. Terrassa. Barcelona. Spain
c Hospital La Fe. Valencia. Spain
d Hospital Clínico. Zaragoza. Spain
e Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. Spain
f Hospital General. Alicante. Spain
g Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid. Spain
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo

A multidisciplinary group of physicians with expertise in infections in neutropenic and hemato-oncology patients met to discuss the state of the art and the most relevant publications in the field of bacterial infection in neutropenic patients during the last two years.

The group agreed that most studies are favorably inclined toward the use of prophylaxis in this setting, although several areas have yet to be clarified, such as identification of the patients at greatest risk and the period of increased risk, and the emergence of resistant organisms.

Several papers on vancomycin as empirical therapy in febrile patients with neutropenia were discussed. Currently available evidence does not support the need for empirical glycopeptides initially, nor for persistent fever. Withholding specific treatment against Gram-positive infections pending growth of a resistant Gram-positive organism was considered as safe. As for the management of bacterial infection in low-risk patients with neutropenia, current data indicate that, even in this group, empiric coverage with broad-spectrum antibiotics is necessary, at least until culture results become available.

Finally, the role of Streptococcus pneumoniae as a bacterial agent of infection in hematology-oncology patients revealed the low incidence of the problem, the community origin of most episodes, the frequent association with pneumonia, and related mortality not superior to that of the non-neutropenic population.

Key words:
Febrile neutropenia
Prophylaxis
Pre-emptive therapy
Gram-positive infections
Gram-negative infections
Low-risk neutropenic patients
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Un grupo multidisciplinario de clínicos con experiencia en las infecciones que sufren los pacientes con neutropenia y hematooncológicos se ha reunido para discutir la situación actual y las publicaciones más relevantes que se han realizado durante los 2 últimos años en el campo de las infecciones bacterianas en los pacientes con neutropenia.

Los participantes señalaron que en la mayor parte de los estudios se propone la aplicación de medidas de profilaxis en este contexto, aunque hay varias áreas que todavía no han sido clarificadas, tal como la identificación de los pacientes con un riesgo mayor y la definición del período de riesgo aumentado, así como la aparición de microorganismos resistentes.

Se comentaron varios artículos relativos al uso de vancomicina como tratamiento empírico en los pacientes febriles con neutropenia. La evidencia actual no apoya el uso de glucopéptidos administrados de manera empírica en las fases iniciales ni tampoco en los cuadros de fiebre persistente. Se consideró seguro el mantenimiento del tratamiento específico frente a las infecciones por microorganismos grampositivos mientras no se demuestre la presencia de microorganismos grampositivos resistentes. En lo relativo al tratamiento de las infecciones bacterianas en los pacientes de riesgo bajo con neutropenia, los datos actuales indican que, incluso en este grupo, es necesaria la cobertura empírica con antibióticos de amplio espectro, al menos hasta que se obtengan los resultados de los cultivos.

Finalmente, la función desempeñada por Streptococcus pneumoniae como bacteria causal de las infecciones en los pacientes hematooncológicos reveló la baja incidencia del problema, el origen extrahospitalario de la mayor parte de los episodios, su asociación frecuente con neumonía y el hecho de que la mortalidad asociada dicho microorganismo no es superior a la que se observa en los pacientes que no presentan neutropenia.

Palabras clave:
Neutropenia febril
Profilaxis
Tratamiento profiláctico
Infecciones por grampositivos
Infecciones por gramnegativos
Pacientes neutropénicos de riesgo bajo
Streptococcus pneumoniae
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
S. Schimpff, V. Young, W. Greene, G. Vermeulen, M. Moody, P. Wiernik.
Origin of infection in acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia. Significance of hospital acquisition of potential pathogens.
Ann Intern Med, 77 (1972), pp. 707-714
[2.]
A. Freifeld, J. McNabb, J. Anderson, F.A. Ullrich.
Low-risk patients with fever and neutropenia during chemotherapy: Current clinical practice patterns.
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 23 (2004), pp. 747
[3.]
M. Cruciani, R. Rampazzo, M. Malena, L. Lazzarini, G. Todeschini, A. Messori.
Prophylaxis with fluorquinolones for bacterial infections in neutropenic patients: a meta-analysis.
Clin Infect Dis, 23 (1996), pp. 795-805
[4.]
E. Engels, J. Lau, M. Barza.
Efficacy of quinolone prophylaxis in neutropenic cancer patients: a meta-analysis.
J Clin Oncol, 16 (1998), pp. 1179-1187
[5.]
W.T. Hughes, D. Armstrong, G.P. Bodey, E.J. Bow, A.E. Brown, T. Calandra, et al.
2002 Guidelines for the Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Neutropenic Patients with Cancer Clin Infect Dis, 34 (2002), pp. 730-751
[6.]
M. Ortega, M. Rovira, M. Almela, F. Marco, J.P. De la Bellacasa, J.A. Martínez, et al.
Bacterial and fungal bloodstream isolates from 796 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients between 1991 and 2000.
Ann Hematol, 84 (2005), pp. 40-47
[7.]
C. Cordonnier, A. Buzyn, G. Leverger, R. Herbrecht, M. Hunault, R. Leclercq.
Epidemiology and risk factors for Gram-positive infections in neutropenia: toward a more targeted antibiotic strategy.
Clin Infect Dis, 36 (2003), pp. 149-158
[8.]
P. Yves, A. Cometta, P. Francioli.
Virulent infections caused by alpha-haemolytic streptococci in cancer patients and their management.
Curr Op Infect Dis, 10 (1997), pp. 422-430
[9.]
G.V. Doern, M.J. Ferraro, A. Brueggemann, K.L. Rufo.
Emergence of high rates of antimicrobial resistance among viridans group Streptococci in the United States.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 40 (1996), pp. 891-894
[10.]
J. Karp, J.D. Dick, C. Angelopulos, P. Charache, L. Green, P.J. Burke, et al.
Empiric use vancomycin during prolonged treatment-induced granulocytopenia.
Am J Med, 81 (1986), pp. 237-242
[11.]
J.L. Shenep, W.T. Hughes, P.K. Roberson, K.R. Blankenship, D.K. Baker Jr, W.H. Meyer, et al.
Vancomycin, ticarcillin and amikacin compared with ticarcillin-clavulanate and amikacin in the empirical treatment of febrile, neutropenic children with cancer.
N Engl J Med, 319 (1988), pp. 1053-1058
[12.]
A. Micozzi, M. Nucci, M. Venditti, G. Gentile, C. Girmenia, G. Meloni, et al.
Piperacillin / tazobactam / amikacin versus piperacillin / amikacin / teicoplanin in the empirical treatment of neutropenic patients.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 12 (1999), pp. 1-8
[13.]
M. Rubin, J.W. Hathorn, D. Marshall, J. Gress, S.M. Steinberg, P.A. Pizzo.
Gram-positive infections and use of vancomycin in 550 episodes of fever and neutropenia.
Ann Intern Med, 108 (1988), pp. 30-35
[14.]
IV prot EORTC.
Vancomycin added to empirical combination antibiotic therapy for fever in granulocytopenic cancer patients.
J infect Dis, 163 (1991), pp. 951-958
[15.]
R.M. Ramphal, M. Bolger, D.J. Oblon, R.J. Sherertz, J.D. Malone, K.H. Rand, et al.
Vancomycin is not an essential component of the initial empiric treatment regimen for febrile neutropenic patients receiving ceftazidime: a randomized prospective study.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 36 (1992), pp. 1062-1067
[16.]
J.A. Talcott, R. Finberg, R.J. Mayer, L. Goldman.
The medical course of cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. Clinical identification of a low-risk subgroup at presentation.
Arch Inten Med, 148 (1988), pp. 2561-2568
[17.]
A. Freifeld, D. Marchigiani, T. Walsh, S. Chanock, L. Lewis, J. Hiemenz, et al.
A Double-Blind Comparison of Empirical Oral and Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for Low-Risk Febrile Patients with Neutropenia during Cancer Chemotherapy.
N Engl J Med, 341 (1999), pp. 303-311
[18.]
W.V. Kern, A. Cometta, R. De Bock, J. Langenaeken, M. Paesmans, H. Gaya.
Oral versus intravenous empirical antimicrobial therapy for fever in patients with granulocytopenia who are receiving cancer chemotherapy. International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer.
N Engl J Med, 341 (1999), pp. 312-318
[19.]
J.A. Talcott, R.D. Siegel, R. Finberg, L. Goldman.
Risk assessment in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia: a prospective, two-center validation of a prediction rule.
J Clin Oncol, 10 (1992), pp. 316-322
[20.]
J.A. Talcott, A. Whalen, J. Clark, P.P. Rieker, R. Finberg.
Home antibiotic therapy for low-risk cancer patients with fever and neutropenia: a pilot study of 30 patients based on a validated prediction rule.
J Clin Oncol, 12 (1994), pp. 107-114
[21.]
J. Klastersky, M. Paesmans, E.B. Rubenstein, M. Boyer, L. Elting, R. Feld, et al.
The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer risk index: A multinational scoring system for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients.
J Clin Oncol, 18 (2000), pp. 3038-3051
[22.]
A. Uys, B.L. Rapoport, R. Anderson.
Febrile neutropenia: a prospective study to validate the Multinational Association of Supportive Care of Cancer (MASCC) risk-index score.
Support Care Cancer, 8 (2004), pp. 555-560
[23.]
L.S. Elting, E.B. Rubenstein, K.V. Rolston, et al.
Outcomes of bacteremia in patients with cancer and neutropenia: observations from two decades of epidemiological and clinical trials.
Clin Infect Dis, 25 (1997), pp. 247-259
[24.]
W.T. Hughes, D. Amstrong, G.P. Bodey, et al.
2002 guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer.
Clin Infect Dis, 34 (2002), pp. 730-751
Copyright © 2007. Elsevier España S.L.. All rights reserved
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos