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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Cardiología Manejo integral del paciente hipertenso con síndrome metabólico y diabetes
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Vol. 17. Núm. 1.
Páginas 16-21 (enero - febrero 2010)
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Vol. 17. Núm. 1.
Páginas 16-21 (enero - febrero 2010)
Open Access
Manejo integral del paciente hipertenso con síndrome metabólico y diabetes
Integrated management of hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes
Visitas
2332
Vicente Lahera1,
Autor para correspondencia
vlahera@med.ucm.es

Correspondencia:
, Sandra L. Fernández2
1 Departamento de Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
2 Departamento de Medicina Interna. Universidad del Cauca. Popayán, Colombia
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En los últimos años se ha observado un aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad y síndrome metabólico a nivel mundial, cuyas causas habrían de buscarse fundamentalmente en el sedentarismo y la alimentación inadecuada. La obesidad y el síndrome metabólico son una primera causa para el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La resistencia a la insulina desempeña un papel central en el desarrollo de las alteraciones vasculares y metabólicas que acompañan al síndrome metabólico y la obesidad: dislipidemia aterogénica, hipertensión y estado protrombótico e inflamatorio. La activación del sistema nervioso simpático y del sistema reninaangiotensina- aldosterona también participa en la mayoría de estas alteraciones. Por ello, el bloqueo de las acciones de la angiotensina II con los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA) o los antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II (ARA-II), se considera una aproximación terapéutica obligatoria en estos pacientes. Es preciso considerar que muchos pacientes con múltiples factores de riesgo requieren más de un fármaco para controlar su hipertensión. La combinación de medicamentos bloqueadores de la angiotensina II y diuréticos es la más frecuente; sin embargo, en pacientes hipertensos con diabetes, síndrome metabólico o alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa, ésta no parece ser la más adecuada debido al potencial diabetogénico de los diuréticos tiazídicos. Por ello, la unión de IECA y calcioantagonistas se ha revelado como una combinación alternativa interesante. Los estudios ACCOMPLISH, STAR y STAR-LET, han demostrado beneficios importantes en pacientes diabéticos o con resistencia a la insulina.

Palabras clave:
obesidad
síndrome metabólico
diabetes
inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina
calcioantagonistas

In the last years an increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome has been observed around the world. Causes for this increase are mainly related with sedentarism and inadequate diet. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are a primary cause for the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, insulin resistance plays a central role in the development of vascular and metabolic alterations associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity: atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, pro-thrombotic and inflammatory states. Activation of sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system play a main role in the majority of these alterations. Thus, blockade of angiotensin II actions with ACEIs or ARA II is an obligatory therapeutical approach for these type of patients. It has to be considered that many patients with multiple risk factors need more than one drug to control hypertension. Combination of drugs blocking angiotensin II with diuretics is the most common combination. However, due to the diabetogenic potential of thiazidic diuretics, this combination is not the most appropriate for hypertensive patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome or alterations of glucose metabolism. Consequently, the combinations of ACEIs with calcium antagonists has revealed as an interesting alternative combination. ACCOMPLISH, STAR and STAR-LET studies, demonstrated important benefits in diabetic patients or in patients with insulin resistance.

Keywords:
obesity
metabolic syndrome
diabetes
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
calcium antagonists
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
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