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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología La restricción de metionina en la dieta disminuye el estrés oxidativo en mitoc...
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Vol. 41. Núm. 6.
Páginas 334-339 (noviembre 2006)
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Vol. 41. Núm. 6.
Páginas 334-339 (noviembre 2006)
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La restricción de metionina en la dieta disminuye el estrés oxidativo en mitocondrias de corazón
Methionine dietary restriction decreases oxidative stress in heart mitochondria
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Pilar Caro, Alberto Sanz, José Gómez, Gustavo Barja
Autor para correspondencia
gbarja@bio.ucm.es

Correspondencia: Dr. G. Barja. Departamento de Fisiología Animal-II. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense. Antonio Novais, 2. 28040 Madrid. España.
Departamento de Fisiología Animal-II. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense. Madrid. España
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Resumen
Introducción

la restricción calórica (RC) disminuye la producción mitocondrial de radicales libres (MitROS) y el daño oxidativo al ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) y aumenta la longevidad máxima, pero no se conocen los mecanismos implicados. Hemos encontrado que la restricción de proteínas (RP) también produce esos cambios. Varios hallazgos relacionan a la metionina con el envejecimiento, y la restricción de metionina (RMet) también aumenta, como la RC y la RP, la longevidad máxima. Hemos hipotetizado, por tanto, que la RMet es la causa del descenso en producción de MitROS y estrés oxidativo que ocurre en la RP y la RC.

Material y métodos

ratas Wistar macho sometidas a RMet o alimentadas ad líbitum durante 7 semanas. Se aislaron mitocondrias funcionales de corazón por centrifugación. La respiración mitocondrial se midió por polarografía con electrodo de Clark y la producción de MitROS por fluorometría. El daño oxidativo al ADNmt (8-oxodG) se midió por HPLC con detección electroquímica.

Resultados

la RMet disminuyó la producción mitocondrial de ROS en el complejo I, no cambió el consumo de oxígeno mitocondrial y disminuyó los valores de la 8-oxodG en el ADNmt.

Conclusiones

los cambios observados en la producción de MitROS y la 8-oxodG durante la RMet son iguales a los observados previamente en la RC y la RP. Esto sugiere que el descenso en la ingestión de metionina es la causa del descenso en la generación de ROS y estrés oxidativo mitocondrial y de parte del descenso de velocidad del envejecimiento que ocurre durante la restricción calórica. La restricción proteica (o de metionina) ofrece por primera vez una intervención aplicable a las poblaciones occidentales, incluida la española, que es potencialmente capaz de retrasar en aproximadamente un 20% la velocidad del proceso endógeno del envejecimiento y de todas las enfermedades degenerativas asociadas a él sin necesidad de disminuir en nada la ingesta calórica.

Palabras clave:
Mitocondrias
Restricción calórica
Radicales libres
Envejecimiento
Daño al ADN
Abstract
Introduction

caloric restriction (CR) decreases the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MitROS) and oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and increases maximum longevity, but the mechanisms responsible for these effects are unknown. We have found that protein restriction (PR) also produces these changes. Various findings link methionine to ageing; moreover, like CR, methionine restriction (MetR) increases maximum longevity. We hypothesized that MetR is responsible for the decrease in MitROS generation and oxidative stress that takes place in PR and CR.

Material and methods

male Wistar rats were subjected to methionine restriction or fed ad libitum for 7 weeks. Functional heart mitochondria were isolated by centrifugation. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by polarography with a Clark electrode and MitROS production was assayed by fluorometry. Oxidative damage to mtDNA (8-oxodG) was measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection.

Results

MetR decreased MitROS generation at complex I, did not change mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and decreased 8-oxodG levels in mtDNA.

Conclusions

the changes induced by MetR in the rate of MitROS generation and 8-oxodG are similar to those previously observed in CR and PR. This suggests that the reduction in methionine ingestion is responsible for the decrease in mitROS production and oxidative stress and part of the decrease in the rate of ageing that occurs during caloric restriction. Protein (and methionine) restriction provide the first possibility of an intervention that could be applied to western populations, including the Spanish population. This type of intervention could potentially delay the rate of ageing by approximately 20% and could decrease the incidence of all degenerative diseases without the need to reduce dietary caloric intake.

Key words:
Mitochondria
Caloric restriction
Free radicals
Ageing
DNA damage
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Este trabajo se realizó con el apoyo del proyecto del Plan Nacional BFU2005-02584 del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia concedido a G. Barja.

Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
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