metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Tratamiento de la trombosis venosa profunda en pacientes mayores de 60 años en ...
Información de la revista
Vol. 37. Núm. 5.
Páginas 254-259 (enero 2002)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 37. Núm. 5.
Páginas 254-259 (enero 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento de la trombosis venosa profunda en pacientes mayores de 60 años en una unidad de hospitalización a domicilio
Therapeutic approach to home treatment of deep venous thrombosis in the elderly
Visitas
9239
M.L. Álvarez-Nebreda
,
Autor para correspondencia
loalvarez@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Servicio de Geriatría. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Dr. Esquerdo, 46. 28007. Madrid
, I. Pérez-Tamayo**, F. Brañas-Baztán*, S. Rada-Martínez*, J.A. Serra-Rexach*, V. González-Ramallo**, M.J. Granda-Martín***, J. Ortiz-Alonso***
* Servicio de Geriatría Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
b Unidad de Hospitalización a Domicilio Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
c Departamento de Urgencias. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Resumen
Objetivo

Comparar la evolución de los pacientes mayores de 60 años con trombosis venosa profunda (TVP), tratados con heparinas de bajo peso molecular (HBPM) en una unidad de hospitalización a domicilio con los que reciben tratamiento hospitalario.

Método

Estudio observacional retrospectivo con grupo control, de pacientes mayores de 60 años, con TVP proximal o distal, diagnosticada en el servicio de urgencias mediante flebografía o eco-Doppler. El grupo estudio estaba constituido por aquellos pacientes tratados en el servicio de hospitalización a domicilio y el grupo control por los que realizaron tratamiento hospitalario. Ambos grupos recibieron HBPM durante unos 5 días y posteriormente dicumarínicos durante 6 meses. Recogimos sus características basales, factores de riesgo de TVP, tratamiento y complicaciones. Tras el alta, realizamos una entrevista telefónica a los 3 y 6 meses. Comparamos la incidencia de reingresos, retrombosis, tromboembolismo pulmonar y sangrado.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 96 pacientes, 70 tratados en domicilio (grupo de estudio) y 26 en hospital (grupo control). La edad media fue 74 ± 7 años en el grupo de estudio y de 79 ± 9 años en el grupo control. El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue la TVP previa (29 y 15% en los grupos de estudio y control, respectivamente) seguido de neoplasia (19 y 27%, respectivamente). La TVP fue sobre todo proximal (81 y 75% en los grupos de estudio y control). El método de diagnóstico más utilizado fue flebografía isotópica en el grupo de estudio (61%) y eco-Doppler en el grupo control (61%). En este último grupo, 2 pacientes (10%) presentaron recurrencia de la TVP y hubo un caso de tromboembolismo pulmonar (5%). Se produjo un episodio de sangrado mayor en el grupo de estudio (1,6%) y dos en el grupo control (10%). Dos pacientes (3,2%) del grupo de estudio y en 2 (10%) del grupo control fueron reingresados. El tratamiento domiciliario redujo el número de días de tratamiento de 16,6 en el grupo control a 9,6 en el grupo de estudio, es decir, un 58%.

Conclusión

El tratamiento domiciliario de la TVP con heparinas de bajo peso molecular en pacientes mayores de 60 años es una alternativa eficaz y segura, evitando el ingreso en hospitalización convencional.

Palabras clave:
Trombosis venosa profunda
Heparinas de bajo peso molecular
Tratamiento domiciliario
Ancianos
Summary
Background

In patients with deep venous thrombosis, treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin at home is an alternative therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of hospital treatment of venous thrombosis in the elderly with out-patient treatment.

Method

An observational retrospective study with control group of patients over 60 years with distal or proximal deep venous thrombosis was carried out. Venous thrombosis was diagnosed in the Emergency Department by conventional isotopic phlebography or echo-Doppler. The study group included home-treated patients with low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Medical care and follow-up was performed by the Home Care Unit. The control group was composed of patients in whom home treatment was impossible due to organizational limitations of the Home Care Unit. Both groups were treated with LMWH for at least five days and with one or two doses per day. After this, cumarin therapy was maintained for six months. All clinical data concerning baseline characteristics, risk factors for deep venous thrombosis, treatment modality and complications were recorded. Follow-up was maintained by telephone call every three and six months after discharge. New hospital admission rates, new thrombotic episodes, pulmonary thromboembolism and major bleeding episodes were compared.

Results

A total of 96 patients, 70 home treated (Study Group, SG), and 26 treated in hospital (Control Group, CG) were included in this study. Mean age was 74 ± 4 years in the SG and 79 ± 9 in the CG. Previous deep venous thrombosis (29% in SG and 15% in CG) and neoplasm (19 and 27% respectively) were the most frequent risk factors. Deep venous thrombosis was proximal in most cases (81% in SG and 75% in CG). The main additional tests used for diagnosis were isotopic phlebography in SG (61% of cases) and echo-Doppler in CG (61%). In the CG, two patients (10%) developed new deep vein thrombosis and one patient developed pulmonary thromboembolism (5%). One patient (1.6%) developed a major bleeding episode in the SG and two patients (10%) in the CG. Two patients (3.2%) were newly admitted to hospital in the SG and 2 patients (10%) in the CG. Home care of deep venous thrombosis made it possible to reduce the number of treatment days from 16.6 in the CG to 9.6 in the SG.

Conclusion

Home treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin in patients over sixty years is a safe and efficient alternative therapy, avoiding conventional hospital care.

Key words:
Deep-vein thrombosis
Low molecular weight heparin
Home treatment
Out-patient treatment
Elderly population
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Biblografía
[1.]
M. Nordstrom, B. Lindblad, D. Bergquist, T. Kjellstrom.
A prospective study of the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis within a defined urban population.
J Intern Med, 232 (1992), pp. 155-160
[2.]
H. Boccalon, A. Elias, J.J. Chale, A. Cadene, S. Gabriel.
Clinical outcome and cost of hospital vs home treatment of proximal deep vein trombosis with a low-molecular-weight heparin.The Vascular Midi-Pyrenees Study.
Arch Intern Med, 160 (2000), pp. 1769-1773
[3.]
D.P. Brandjes, H. Heijboer, H.R. Büller, M. de Rijk, M. Jagt, J.w. ten Cate.
Acenocoumarol and heparin compared with acenocoumarol alone in the initial treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis.
N Engl J Med, 327 (1992), pp. 1485-1489
[4.]
R.D. Hull, G.E. Raskob, D. Rosenbloom, A.A. Panju, P. Brill-Edwards, J.S. Ginsberg, et al.
Heparin for 5 days as compared with 10 days in the initial treatment of proximal venous thrombosis.
N Engl J Med, 322 (1990), pp. 1260-1264
[5.]
A. Gallus, J. Jackaman, J. Tillet, W. Mills, A. Wycherley.
Safety and efficacy of warfarin started early after submassive venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
Lancet, 2 (1986), pp. 1293-1296
[6.]
R.D. Hull, G.E. Raskob, J. Hirsh, et al.
Continous intravenous heparin compared with intermittent subcutaneous heparin in the initial treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis.
N Engl J Med, 315 (1986), pp. 1109-1114
[7.]
J. Hirsh.
Oral anticoagulant drugs.
N Engl J Med, 324 (1991), pp. 1865-1875
[8.]
R.D. Hull, G.E. Raskob, G.F. Pineo, D. Green, A.A. Trowbridge, C.G. Elliott, et al.
Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin compared with continuous intravenous heparin in the treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis.
N Engl J Med, 326 (1992), pp. 975-982
[9.]
A.W.A. Lensing, M.H. Prins, B.L. Davidson, J. Hirsh.
Treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparins: a meta-analysis.
Arch Intern Med, 155 (1995), pp. 601-607
[10.]
P. Prandoni, A.W.A. Lensing, H.R. Büller, M. Carta, A. Cogo, M. Vigo, et al.
Comparison of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin with intravenous standard heparin in proximal deep-vein thrombosis.
Lancet, 339 (1992), pp. 441-445
[11.]
J. Hirsh, M.N. Levine.
Low molecular weight heparin.
Blood, 79 (1992), pp. 1-17
[12.]
A.M. Frydman, L. Bara, Y. Le Roux, M. Woler, F. Chauliac, M.M. Samama.
The antithrombotic activity and pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, in humans given single subcutaneous doses of 20 to 80 mg.
J Clin Pharmacol, 28 (1988), pp. 609-618
[13.]
M.W. Koopman, P. Prandoni, F. Piovella, P.A. Ockelford, D.P. Brandjes, J. van der Meer, et al.
The TASMAN Study Group. Treatment of venous trombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weigth heparin administered at home.
N Engl J Med, 334 (1996), pp. 682-687
[14.]
M. Levine, M. Gent, J. Hirsh, J. Lederc, D. Anderson, J. Weitz, et al.
A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin administered primarily at home with unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital for proximal deep-vein thrombosis.
N Engl J Med, 334 (1996), pp. 677-681
[15.]
T.M. Hyers, G. Agnelli, R.D. Hull, et al.
Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease.
Chest, 119 (2001), pp. 176S-193S
[16.]
A.S. Dunn, C. Schechter, A. Gotlin, D. Vomvolakis, E. Jacobs, H.s. Sacks, et al.
Outpatient treatment of deep venous thrombosis in diverse inner-city patients.
Am J Med, 110 (2001), pp. 458-462
[17.]
E. Grau, J.M. Tenias, E. Real, J. Medrano, R. Ferrer, E. Pastor, et al.
Home treatment of deep venous trombosis with low-molecular-weight heparin: long-term incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism.
Am J Hematol, 67 (2001), pp. 10-14
[18.]
D.J. Tillman, S.L. Charland, D.M. Witt.
Effectiveness and economic impact associated with a program for outpatient management of acute deep vein thrombosis in a group model health maintenance organization.
Arch Intern Med, 160 (2000), pp. 2926-2932
[19.]
B. O’Brien, M.D. Levine, A. Willan, R. Goeree, S. Haley, G. Blackhouse, et al.
Economic evaluation of outpatient treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin for proximal vein thrombosis.
Arch Intern Med, 159 (1999), pp. 2298-2304
[20.]
E. Grau, E. Real, E. Pastor, V. Viciano, J. Aquilo.
Home treatment of deep vein trombosis: a two years experience of a single institution.
Haematologica, 83 (1998), pp. 438-441
[21.]
G.M. Van den Belt, P.M.M. Bossuyt, M.H. Prins, A.S. Gallus, H.R. Buller.
Replacing inpatient care by outpatient care in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis-An economic evaluation.
Thromb Haemost, 79 (1998), pp. 259-263
[22.]
J. Harrison, J. McGinnis, M. Crowther, J. Ginsberg, J. Hirsh.
Assessment of outpatient treatment of deep-vein thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparin.
Arch Intern Med, 158 (1998), pp. 2001-2003
[23.]
P.S. Wells, M.J. Kovacs, J. Bormanis, M.A. Forqie, D. Goudie, B. Morrow, et al.
Expanding eligibility for outpatient treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with low-molecular-weigth heparin.
Arch Intern Med, 158 (1998), pp. 1809-1812
[24.]
The Columbus Investigators.
Low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism.
N Engl J Med, 337 (1997), pp. 657-662
[25.]
G. Belcaro, A.N. Nicolaides, M.R. Cesarone, G. Laurora, M.T. De Sanctis, L. Incandela, et al.
Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin, administered primarily at home, with unfractionated heparin, administered in hospital, and subcutaneous heparin, administered at home for deep-vein thrombosis.
Angiology, 50 (1999), pp. 781-787
[26.]
S. Katz, M.V. Stroud.
Functional assessment in geriatrics. A review of progress and directions.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 37 (1989), pp. 267-271
[27.]
M. Verstraete.
Pharmacotherapeutic aspects of unfractionated and lowmolecular-weight heparin.
Drugs, 40 (1990), pp. 498-530
[28.]
M. Aiach.
A new low-molecular-weigth heparin derivative, in vitro and in vivo studies.
Thromb Res, 31 (1983), pp. 611-621
[29.]
J.F. Cade, M.R. Buchanon, B. Boneu, et al.
A comparison of the antithrombotic and hemorrhagic effects of low molecular weight heparin fractions: the influence of the method of preparation.
Thromb Res, 35 (1984), pp. 613-625
[30.]
C.J. Carter, J.G. Kelton, J. Hirsh, M. Gent.
Relationship between the antithrombotic and anticoagulant effects of low molecular weight heparin.
Thromb Res, 21 (1981), pp. 169-174
[31.]
G. Simonneau, H. Sors, B. Charbonnier, Y. Page, J.P. Laaban, R. Azarian, et al.
A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for acuta pulmonary embolism.
N Engl J Med, 337 (1997), pp. 663-669
[32.]
R.d. Hull, G.E. Raskob, R.F. Brandt, G.F. Pineo, G. Elliott, P.D. Stein, et al.
Lowmolecular-weight heparin vs heparin in the treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism.
Arch Intern Med, 160 (2000), pp. 229-236
[33.]
C.I. Lagerstedt, C.G. Olsson, B.O. Fagher, B. Oquist, U. Albrechtsson.
Need for long term anticoagulant treatment in symptomatic calf-vein thrombosis.
Lancet, 2 (1985), pp. 515-518
[34.]
S. Schulman, S. Granqvist, M. Holmstrom, A. Carlsson, P. Lindfmartxer, P. Nicol, et al.
The duration of oral anticoagulant therapy after a second episode of venous thromboembolism.
N Engl J Med, 336 (1997), pp. 393-398
[35.]
J. Eikelboom, R. Baker.
Routine home treatment of deep vein thrombosis.
BMJ, 322 (2001), pp. 1192-1193
[36.]
D.R. Vinson.
Eligibility criteria for home treatment of deep vein thrombosis vary.
BMJ, 323 (2001), pp. 866
[37.]
T. Schwarz, B. Schmidt, U. Höhlein, J. Beyer, H.E. Schroder, S.M. Schellong.
Eligibility for home treatment of deep vein thrombosis: prospective study.
BMJ, 322 (2001), pp. 1212-1213

Trabajo galardonado con el premio Aventis II a la mejor comunicación sobre “Enfermedad tromboembólica en el anciano” en la XX Reunión de la SEGG en San Sebastián.

Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos