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Inicio Revista de Psicodidáctica (English Edition) Effects of a school-based intervention on physical activity, sleep duration, scr...
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 56-65 (January - June 2022)
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 56-65 (January - June 2022)
Original
Effects of a school-based intervention on physical activity, sleep duration, screen time, and diet in children
Efectos de una intervención escolar en la actividad física, el tiempo de sueño, el tiempo de pantalla y la dieta en niños
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Miguel Angel Tapia-Serranoa,
Corresponding author
matapiase@unex.es

Corresponding author.
, Javier Sevil-Serranob, David Sánchez-Olivac, Mikel Vaquero-Solísa, Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguela
a Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Avenida Universidad, S/N, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
b Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic, and Body Expression, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain
c Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida Universidad, S/N, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Descriptive statistics of energy balance-related behaviors and self-rated health of the control and experimental group in pre-and post-test: within-and between-group differences, and interaction effects
Table 2. Prevalence of energy balance-related behaviors and self-rated health of the control and experimental group (pre-and post-test): within-and between-group differences
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Abstract

Multiple health-risk behaviors such as physical inactivity, sedentary behaviors or unhealthy diet represent a public health problem among adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of a school-based intervention on 24-hour movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen-based behaviors, and sleep), Mediterranean diet, and self-rated health status. A quasi-experimental design has been carried out for two months and a half in a sample of 121 children, aged 8-9 years (M = 9.01 ± .09 years old; 47.11% girls), from two elementary schools. Sixty-six students from one of the schools has been assigned to the control group and 55 students from the other school has been included in the experimental group. In the experimental group, ten one-hour weekly sessions about knowledge, awareness, and practices of health-related behaviors have been implemented by a research group member through the tutorial action plan. 24-hour movement behaviors, Mediterranean diet, and self-rated health status has been measured before and after the school-based intervention using self-reported questionnaires. Experimental group children show a significant increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet and being physically active during the weekdays compared to their baseline values. Moreover, the greater baseline values in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet, as well as being physically active during weekend days in the control group, disappear between both groups after the intervention. Ten one-hour sessions of a school-based intervention conducted through the tutorial action plan seem effective in improving children’s adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the proportion of active children, but not other health-related behaviors.

Keywords:
diet
exercise
health
school-based intervention
sedentary
sleep
youth
Resumen

La inactividad física, los comportamientos sedentarios y el consumo de alimentos no saludables representan un problema de salud pública entre los adolescentes. El objetivo es examinar los efectos de una intervención escolar en los comportamientos de movimiento que interaccionan durante las 24 horas (actividad física, pantallas y sueño), la dieta mediterránea y el estado de salud. Se ha llevado a cabo un diseño cuasi-experimental, durante dos meses y medio. Han participado 121 niños, entre 8 y 9 años (M = 9.01 ± .09 años; 47.11% niñas), de dos escuelas de Educación Primaria, de los cuales 66 se han asignado al grupo control y 55 al grupo experimental. Se han desarrollado diez sesiones de tutoría, de una hora semanal, sobre hábitos saludables. Se han medido la actividad física, el tiempo de pantallas, la duración de sueño, la dieta mediterránea y el estado de salud, antes y después de la intervención, a través de cuestionarios. Los niños del grupo experimental muestran un incremento significativo en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y en los valores de actividad física entre semana en comparación con sus valores iniciales. Además, los mayores valores iniciales en el grupo control en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y en la proporción de sujetos activos, han desaparecido entre los dos grupos después de la intervención. Un programa escolar implementado en las tutorías, a través de diez sesiones de una hora de duración, parece eficaz para mejorar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la proporción de niños activos, pero no para otros comportamientos relacionados con la salud.

Palabras clave:
dieta
ejercicio
salud
intervención escolar
sedentario
sueño
jóvenes

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