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¿Cómo contribuye la tutoría entre iguales al desarrollo de la comprensión lectora? Evidencias de diez años de práctica
How does peer tutoring contribute to the development of reading comprehension? Evidence from ten years of practice
Marta Flores
Autor para correspondencia
marta.flores@uab.cat

Autor para correspondencia.
, Jesús Ribosa, David Duran
Departamento de Psicología Básica, Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici G6-despatx 254, 08193 Bellaterra, Cataluña, España
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Este descenso ha suscitado preocupaci&#243;n entre los investigadores educativos&#44; los responsables pol&#237;ticos&#44; los profesionales y la sociedad en su conjunto&#46; El reto actual tiene que ver con pol&#237;ticas educativas que reviertan la situaci&#243;n en los pr&#243;ximos a&#241;os&#46; Este estudio aporta pruebas del uso de la tutor&#237;a entre iguales para el desarrollo de la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#44; bas&#225;ndose en diez a&#241;os de implementaci&#243;n del programa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leemos en pareja</span> en Catalu&#241;a &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Duran et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Comprensi&#243;n lectora</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">OCDE &#40;2021&#41;</a>&#44; la comprensi&#243;n lectora consiste en &#8220;comprender&#44; utilizar&#44; reflexionar y comprometerse con los textos escritos&#44; con el fin de alcanzar los propios objetivos&#44; desarrollar los conocimientos y el potencial propios y participar en la sociedad&#8221; &#40;p&#46; 23&#41;&#46; La lectura es un proceso interactivo entre el lector&#44; el texto y la actividad lectora &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">Sol&#233;&#44; 2001</a>&#41;&#44; situado en un contexto sociocultural &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Butterfuss et al&#46;&#44; 2020</a>&#41; y con una finalidad espec&#237;fica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Britt y Rouet&#44; 2012</a>&#41;&#46; Por tanto&#44; se trata de una destreza compleja y multidimensional que requiere coordinar m&#250;ltiples procesos cognitivos y ling&#252;&#237;sticos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120">Elleman y Oslund&#44; 2019&#59; Kendeou et al&#46;&#44; 2020</a>&#41; para construir una representaci&#243;n mental global y coherente de la informaci&#243;n del texto &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045">Butterfuss et al&#46;&#44; 2020&#59; Elleman y Oslund&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Elleman y Oslund &#40;2019&#41;</a> indican que los distintos marcos explicativos de la comprensi&#243;n lectora coinciden en cuatro elementos esenciales&#58; la inferencia&#44; el conocimiento previo&#44; el vocabulario y la supervisi&#243;n de la comprensi&#243;n&#46; En esta l&#237;nea&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Kendeou et al&#46; &#40;2020&#41;</a> destacan el papel de la realizaci&#243;n de inferencias como estrategia clave para la lectura&#44; y afirman que las preguntas andamiadas con retroalimentaci&#243;n inmediata pueden fomentar dichos procesos inferenciales&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; es necesario ense&#241;ar a utilizar estrategias de lectura espec&#237;ficas antes&#44; durante y despu&#233;s de la lectura &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">Boardman et al&#46;&#44; 2018&#59; Shanahan et al&#46;&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Tutor&#237;a entre iguales</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tutor&#237;a entre iguales se reconoce como una pr&#225;ctica educativa muy eficaz para lograr una educaci&#243;n de calidad&#46; Es recomendada por la Agencia Europea para el Desarrollo de la Educaci&#243;n Especial &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Meijer&#44; 2001</a>&#41; y la UNESCO &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">Topping&#44; 2000</a>&#41;&#46; Los beneficios de la tutor&#237;a entre iguales tambi&#233;n se han documentado en diferentes &#225;reas y niveles educativos durante m&#225;s de 40 a&#241;os&#44; especialmente en la escuela primaria &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">Alegre et al&#46;&#44; 2018&#59; Bowman-Perrott et al&#46;&#44; 2013&#59; Okilwa y Shelby&#44; 2010&#59; Roma et al&#46;&#44; 2019&#59; Thurston et al&#46;&#44; 2020</a>&#41;&#46; Se informa de beneficios no solo para alumnos competentes&#44; sino tambi&#233;n para alumnos en situaci&#243;n de riesgo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150">Huber y Carter&#44; 2019&#59; Mahoney&#44; 2019&#59; Sarid et al&#46;&#44; 2020&#59; Toulia et al&#46;&#44; 2023</a>&#41;&#46; En un metaan&#225;lisis&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Hattie &#40;2009&#41;</a> destaca la tutor&#237;a entre iguales como una pr&#225;ctica eficaz &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;55&#41;&#46; El rasgo distintivo basado en aprovechar las diferencias entre el alumnado de la clase para potenciar el aprendizaje de todos ellos la sit&#250;a como una pr&#225;ctica inclusiva de primer orden &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Alzahrani y Leko&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tutor&#237;a entre iguales es un m&#233;todo de aprendizaje cooperativo basado en la creaci&#243;n de parejas de alumnos que tienen diferentes niveles de conocimiento en cuanto a la competencia que se pretende desarrollar&#46; El alumno m&#225;s competente asume el papel de tutor&#44; y el alumno menos competente toma el rol de tutorado&#46; Se establece as&#237; una relaci&#243;n asim&#233;trica en la que ambos se necesitan mutuamente para aprender&#46; El tutor puede aprender porque ayudar al compa&#241;ero a aprender algo puede implicar elaborar la informaci&#243;n &#40;al proporcionar ejemplos&#41;&#44; lo que le ofrece oportunidades de aprender ense&#241;ando &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100">Duran&#44; 2017&#44; 2023&#59; Roscoe y Chi&#44; 2007</a>&#41;&#46; El tutorado puede aprender porque el tutor supervisa y apoya constantemente su proceso de aprendizaje&#44; benefici&#225;ndose de la ayuda ajustada y personalizada que facilita la interacci&#243;n asim&#233;trica uno a uno &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">Alzate-Medina y Pe&#241;a-Borrero&#44; 2010&#59; Robinson et al&#46;&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46; Para que la pr&#225;ctica tenga &#233;xito&#44; los profesores deben estructurar la interacci&#243;n entre tutor y tutorado en funci&#243;n de los objetivos de aprendizaje&#46; En otras palabras&#44; los dos alumnos comparten un objetivo de aprendizaje com&#250;n &#40;por ejemplo&#44; mejorar la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#41; a trav&#233;s de un marco de interacci&#243;n previamente dise&#241;ado y estructurado por el profesor &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">Topping et al&#46;&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pueden utilizarse diferentes opciones de tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#46; Bas&#225;ndose en la edad de los participantes&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">Topping et al&#46; &#40;2015&#41;</a> distinguen entre tutor&#237;a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span> y tutor&#237;a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&#46; Bas&#225;ndose en la continuidad de los roles&#44; se distingue entre rol rec&#237;proco y rol fijo&#44; dependiendo de si los roles se intercambian o no entre los dos alumnos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">Topping et al&#46;&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46; En la tutor&#237;a entre iguales de rol rec&#237;proco&#44; la diferencia en t&#233;rminos de nivel de competencia entre los dos estudiantes se reduce para que ambos puedan desempe&#241;ar con &#233;xito los dos roles&#46; En este caso&#44; la preparaci&#243;n minuciosa del material por parte del tutor antes de la sesi&#243;n adquiere especial importancia para lograr una interacci&#243;n asim&#233;trica en la sesi&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tutor&#237;a entre iguales es una forma de aprendizaje entre iguales&#46; Existen tres generaciones de investigaciones sobre el aprendizaje entre iguales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Duran et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#41;&#46; Una primera generaci&#243;n de estudios se centra en comparar situaciones cooperativas con situaciones individuales y competitivas como grupos de control&#46; Una segunda generaci&#243;n&#44; analiza la eficacia de los distintos m&#233;todos de aprendizaje cooperativo&#46; En la actualidad&#44; la tercera generaci&#243;n se centra en explicar por qu&#233; se produce el aprendizaje en situaciones de aprendizaje entre iguales mediante el an&#225;lisis de la interacci&#243;n &#40;e&#46; g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">De Backer et al&#46;&#44; 2012</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dentro de la tercera generaci&#243;n&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Chi y Menekse &#40;2015&#41;</a> a&#241;aden un cuarto patr&#243;n interactivo &#40;co-constructivo&#41; a los tres patrones de aprendizaje individual &#40;es decir&#44; constructivo&#44; activo y pasivo&#41;&#46; Seg&#250;n los autores&#44; este patr&#243;n co-constructivo implica el mayor grado de aprendizaje en la interacci&#243;n entre iguales&#46; Se produce cuando los compa&#241;eros interact&#250;an para elaborar una respuesta conjunta a la tarea&#46; En el caso de la tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#44; en este cuarto patr&#243;n el tutor participa en m&#225;s procesos de pensamiento de orden superior que en los otros patrones&#44; porque aporta ideas&#44; ejemplos o pistas para ayudar al tutorado&#44; adem&#225;s de recibir ideas de este&#46; As&#237;&#44; compartir conocimientos y experiencias entre tutor y tutorado puede llevarlos a generar una respuesta conjunta m&#225;s elaborada que sus respuestas individuales por separado&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Tutor&#237;a entre iguales y comprensi&#243;n lectora</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El uso de la tutor&#237;a entre iguales para el desarrollo de la lectura y la comprensi&#243;n lectora no es nuevo y ha generado inter&#233;s tanto en la investigaci&#243;n como en la pr&#225;ctica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">Gubalani et al&#46;&#44; 2023&#59; Topping et al&#46;&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46; Al compartir la actividad lectora con los compa&#241;eros&#44; el proceso interactivo que conlleva puede contribuir a aprender a leer de forma m&#225;s eficaz &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Guti&#233;rrez&#44; 2016</a>&#41;&#46; En la literatura existente se pueden encontrar m&#250;ltiples intervenciones basadas en la tutor&#237;a entre iguales para la lectura&#44; con resultados positivos en la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#44; la fluidez&#44; la motivaci&#243;n y las actitudes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">Gubalani et al&#46;&#44; 2023&#59; Jones et al&#46;&#44; 2017&#59; Miller et al&#46;&#44; 2010&#59; Rahmasari&#44; 2017&#59; Robison&#44; 2022&#59; Topping et al&#46;&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Leemos en pareja</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este programa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Duran et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#41; tiene como objetivo mejorar la comprensi&#243;n lectora mediante la tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#46; Se utilizan fichas de actividades para estructurar la interacci&#243;n por parejas en sesiones de 30 minutos&#46; Cada sesi&#243;n consta de tres fases&#58; antes de la lectura&#44; lectura y despu&#233;s de la lectura&#46; En primer lugar&#44; las actividades antes de la lectura se ocupan de la exploraci&#243;n del texto&#44; la activaci&#243;n de los conocimientos previos y la formulaci&#243;n de hip&#243;tesis&#46; En segundo lugar&#44; las actividades durante la lectura implican tres tareas&#58; la lectura modelada por el tutor&#44; la lectura conjunta &#40;i&#46; e&#46;&#44; en la que el tutor empieza a leer en voz alta y el tutorado le sigue unos segundos despu&#233;s&#41; y la lectura del tutorado supervisada por el tutor&#46; En esta &#250;ltima&#44; el tutor utiliza la t&#233;cnica de pausa-pista-ponderaci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">Wheldall y Colmar&#44; 1990</a>&#41;&#58; detiene la lectura del tutorado cuando detecta un error e invita al tutorado a revisarlo y corregirlo&#59; si el tutorado no es capaz de hacerlo&#44; el tutor le da pistas&#59; cuando se corrige el error&#44; el tutor anima al tutorado a seguir leyendo&#46; En tercer lugar&#44; las actividades posteriores a la lectura consisten en comprobar las hip&#243;tesis&#44; identificar las ideas principales del texto y responder a preguntas literales&#44; inferenciales y evaluativas&#46; As&#237;&#44; una hoja de actividades contiene un texto aut&#233;ntico precedido de algunas preguntas previas y seguido de preguntas literales&#44; inferenciales y de comprensi&#243;n profunda &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Basaraba et al&#46;&#44; 2013</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La intervenci&#243;n se desarrolla durante 12 semanas&#44; a raz&#243;n de dos sesiones semanales&#46; Los docentes que llevan a la pr&#225;ctica el programa en las aulas participan en un curso de formaci&#243;n del profesorado organizado en una red de centros implicados &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Duran&#44; 2017</a>&#41;&#46; Este curso les ayuda a ajustar el programa a su contexto espec&#237;fico y a tomar decisiones sobre el tipo de tutor&#237;a&#44; los cursos implicados&#44; la formaci&#243;n inicial del alumnado&#44; el desarrollo de las sesiones en el aula y la evaluaci&#243;n&#46; Estudios previos sobre el programa implementado en catal&#225;n&#44; castellano e ingl&#233;s como lengua extranjera muestran resultados positivos en t&#233;rminos de comprensi&#243;n lectora&#44; autoconcepto y fluidez&#44; as&#237; como en competencias orales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115">Duran et al&#46;&#44; 2019&#59; Flores y Duran&#44; 2016&#59; Valdebenito y Duran&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46; Este estudio se centra en 10 a&#241;os de aplicaci&#243;n del programa &#40;2012&#8211;2022&#41; para el desarrollo de la comprensi&#243;n lectora en catal&#225;n&#46; Se abordan los siguientes objetivos de investigaci&#243;n&#58; &#40;1&#41; Detectar cambios en la comprensi&#243;n lectora tras la participaci&#243;n en el programa de tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#59; y &#40;2&#41; Analizar la interacci&#243;n entre tutor y tutorado a lo largo de las sesiones de tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">M&#233;todo</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio se enmarca en la tercera generaci&#243;n de investigaci&#243;n sobre el aprendizaje entre iguales&#44; con el objetivo de explicar los cambios cuantitativos en la comprensi&#243;n lectora a partir del an&#225;lisis de la interacci&#243;n entre alumnos&#46; En esta generaci&#243;n de estudios no se utilizan grupos de control&#44; dado que las generaciones anteriores ya han evaluado la eficacia de estas intervenciones en comparaci&#243;n con grupos de control&#44; incluido el programa de tutor&#237;a entre iguales <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leemos en pareja</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115">Duran et al&#46;&#44; 2019&#59; Flores y Duran&#44; 2016&#59; Valdebenito y Duran&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se adopta un m&#233;todo mixto de dise&#241;o explicativo secuencial &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Creswell&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46; Consiste en un an&#225;lisis cuantitativo de las puntuaciones de comprensi&#243;n lectora &#40;primer objetivo de la investigaci&#243;n&#41;&#44; seguido del an&#225;lisis cualitativo de la interacci&#243;n de los alumnos para ayudar a interpretar los resultados cuantitativos &#40;segundo objetivo de la investigaci&#243;n&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Participantes</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 8128 alumnos&#44; de 1&#46;&#176; a 6&#46;&#176; curso&#44; de 58 centros de educaci&#243;n primaria de Catalu&#241;a participan en el programa de tutor&#237;a entre iguales <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Llegim en parella</span> &#40;en castellano&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leemos en pareja</span>&#41; entre 2012 y 2022 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; No se dispone de datos del curso 2020&#8211;2021&#44; porque los cierres por pandemia dificultan el desarrollo del programa y&#44; en consecuencia&#44; no se pueden recoger datos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Instrumentos</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Prueba de comprensi&#243;n lectora&#46;</span> Se administra una prueba estandarizada que mide la comprensi&#243;n lectora antes y despu&#233;s de la intervenci&#243;n&#44; a modo de pretest-posttest&#46; Se utilizan las pruebas de Evaluaci&#243;n de la Comprensi&#243;n Lectora &#40;ACL&#44; por sus siglas en catal&#225;n&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">Catal&#224; et al&#46;&#44; 2004&#44; 2007</a>&#41;&#44; que ofrecen una prueba ajustada para cada curso para medir la comprensi&#243;n lectora en catal&#225;n&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">Catal&#224; et al&#46; &#40;2004&#44; 2007&#41;</a> informan de una alta fiabilidad en los diferentes cursos seg&#250;n la f&#243;rmula 20 de Kuder-Richardson &#40;&#46;76 &#8804; KR-20 &#8804; &#46;83&#41;&#46; Dado que la puntuaci&#243;n m&#225;xima de las pruebas es diferente seg&#250;n el curso&#44; las puntuaciones individuales se transforman sobre 100 puntos&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sesiones grabadas en v&#237;deo&#46;</span> Se graban en v&#237;deo sesenta sesiones de tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#44; lo que da como resultado 30 horas de v&#237;deos&#46; Se utiliza un muestreo de conveniencia a nivel de escuela y un muestreo aleatorio a nivel de pareja&#46; Las grabaciones tienen lugar en cuatro colegios&#44; con una muestra representativa en cuanto a curso y opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a&#46; Las 20 parejas de alumnos se seleccionan al azar&#46; Se graban tres sesiones de cada pareja&#58; una al principio de la intervenci&#243;n&#44; otra a la mitad y otra al final&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Procedimiento</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las escuelas participan voluntariamente en el programa&#44; en forma de curso de formaci&#243;n de un a&#241;o de duraci&#243;n en una red de escuelas&#46; Al inicio del curso escolar&#44; los equipos directivos de los centros y los docentes que deciden participar en el programa firman un formulario de compromiso&#46; Todos los participantes reciben informaci&#243;n sobre el estudio y dan su consentimiento para participar de acuerdo con los procedimientos de conformidad &#233;tica&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cada curso escolar&#44; tras la primera sesi&#243;n de formaci&#243;n del curso&#44; los docentes administran el pretest de comprensi&#243;n lectora a los alumnos &#40;en diciembre o enero&#41;&#46; A continuaci&#243;n&#44; los docentes deciden qu&#233; tipo de tutor&#237;a entre iguales quieren implementar &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span> o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&#59; de rol fijo o de rol rec&#237;proco&#41; y crean las parejas en consecuencia&#46; As&#237;&#44; a nivel de clase&#44; hay cuatro opciones de tutor&#237;a&#58; rol fijo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&#44; rol rec&#237;proco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&#44; tutores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&#44; tutorados <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&#46; Los docentes proporcionan a los alumnos una formaci&#243;n inicial sobre los materiales del programa y los roles de tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#46; Tras la formaci&#243;n&#44; los centros ponen en marcha entre 16 y 24 sesiones de tutor&#237;a entre iguales entre enero y mayo&#44; en funci&#243;n de la planificaci&#243;n de cada centro&#46; Los investigadores mantienen un estrecho contacto con los docentes a lo largo de la implementaci&#243;n y acuden a las escuelas para grabar en v&#237;deo la muestra de sesiones de tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#58; una al principio de la intervenci&#243;n&#44; otra a la mitad y otra al final&#46; Una vez finalizada la intervenci&#243;n&#44; los docentes administran la prueba&#44; en formato posttest&#44; de comprensi&#243;n lectora a los alumnos &#40;en mayo o junio&#41;&#46; Se pide a los docentes que rellenen una hoja de c&#225;lculo con las puntuaciones del pretest-posttest de cada alumno&#44; que se env&#237;a a los investigadores al final del curso escolar&#46; Los datos de los diez a&#241;os de implementaci&#243;n &#40;2012&#8211;2022&#41; se recopilan en una &#250;nica hoja de c&#225;lculo por el primer autor&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">An&#225;lisis de datos</span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Cambios en comprensi&#243;n lectora</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para analizar las posibles diferencias entre las puntuaciones del pretest y el posttest&#44; se realiza primero una prueba <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de muestras relacionadas con todos los datos&#44; tras comprobar el gr&#225;fico Q-Q de los residuos&#46; Se informa de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> de Cohen como medida del tama&#241;o del efecto &#40;ES&#41;&#46; Tambi&#233;n se llevan a cabo an&#225;lisis de subgrupos&#44; tras agrupar a los alumnos en funci&#243;n del curso &#40;i&#46; e&#46;&#44; de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">er</span></span> a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">6&#46;&#176; curso</span>&#41;&#44; la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a &#40;i&#46; e&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span> o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&#41; y el rol &#40;i&#46; e&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tutor</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tutorado</span> o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rec&#237;proco</span>&#41;&#46; Se utiliza la prueba de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon para los an&#225;lisis de subgrupos&#44; tras comprobar el gr&#225;fico Q-Q de los residuos de los distintos subgrupos&#46; Se informa de la correlaci&#243;n biserial de rango &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rb</span></span>&#41; como medida del tama&#241;o del efecto en los an&#225;lisis de subgrupos&#46; La significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica se fija en <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A continuaci&#243;n&#44; se computa el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora de cada alumno&#44; calculando la diferencia entre la puntuaci&#243;n inicial y la final&#46; Se realiza un modelo lineal mixto con esta variable como variable dependiente&#44; la puntuaci&#243;n inicial como covariable y el curso acad&#233;mico y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a &#40;es decir&#44; rol fijo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&#44; rol rec&#237;proco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&#44; tutor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&#44; tutorado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&#41; como factores&#46; El curso acad&#233;mico y el centro escolar se introducen como variables de grupo&#46; Se aplica el m&#233;todo Satterthwaite para los grados de libertad&#46; Se introducen en el modelo los efectos principales y la interacci&#243;n bidireccional entre el curso acad&#233;mico y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a&#46; Se comunican las medias marginales estimadas &#40;MM&#41;&#44; los errores est&#225;ndar &#40;SE&#41; y los efectos simples para ayudar a interpretar los resultados&#46; Todos los an&#225;lisis se realizan en Jamovi v2&#46;3&#46;21&#46;0&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Interacci&#243;n entre tutor y tutorado a lo largo de las sesiones de tutor&#237;a entre iguales</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se lleva a cabo un an&#225;lisis de la interacci&#243;n&#46; Se elabora un sistema de categor&#237;as para codificar las acciones de los alumnos durante la tutor&#237;a entre iguales basado en tres enfoques&#58; el an&#225;lisis de la interactividad &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Colomina et al&#46;&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#44; las estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas para el desarrollo de la comprensi&#243;n lectora &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">Sol&#233;&#44; 2001</a>&#41; en un marco de tutor&#237;a entre iguales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">De Backer et al&#46;&#44; 2012</a>&#41; y la estructura del programa espec&#237;fico de tutor&#237;a entre iguales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Duran et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se utiliza Atlas&#46;ti v6&#46;2 para codificar las 60 sesiones&#46; Cada sesi&#243;n se analiza en funci&#243;n de los tres segmentos de interactividad &#40;es decir&#44; antes de la lectura&#44; lectura&#44; despu&#233;s de la lectura&#41;&#46; Dentro de cada segmento&#44; se utilizan normalmente cuatro niveles de colaboraci&#243;n para codificar la interacci&#243;n entre el tutor y el tutorado&#46; Los dos primeros niveles se refieren a acciones individuales &#40;solo participa el tutor o el tutorado&#41;&#46; El tercer nivel se refiere a situaciones en las que el tutor pregunta y el tutorado responde &#40;es decir&#44; un patr&#243;n de interacci&#243;n activa&#41;&#46; El cuarto nivel implica la elaboraci&#243;n compartida de respuestas &#40;patr&#243;n de interacci&#243;n co-constructivo&#41;&#46; Tambi&#233;n se incluyen en el sistema algunas categor&#237;as emergentes tras una exploraci&#243;n inicial de las grabaciones&#46; La fiabilidad entre evaluadores es alta &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;98&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p></span></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Cambios en comprensi&#243;n lectora</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En general&#44; los resultados muestran que hay un aumento significativo en las puntuaciones de comprensi&#243;n lectora desde el pretest &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48&#46;319&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DT</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#46;192&#41; hasta el posttest &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#46;136&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DT</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#46;963&#41;&#44; con un gran tama&#241;o del efecto &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;826&#41;&#46; Los an&#225;lisis de subgrupos confirman el aumento significativo para los alumnos de todos los cursos&#44; todas las opciones de tutor&#237;a entre iguales y roles &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46; El tama&#241;o del efecto es grande en todos los subgrupos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">rb</span></span> &#8805; &#46;50&#41;&#44; excepto para los tutores de la misma edad de sexto curso&#44; cuyo tama&#241;o del efecto es moderado&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un modelo lineal mixto &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span> marginal<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;14&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">R</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span> condicional<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;21&#41; muestra que el curso y la interacci&#243;n entre esta variable y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a moderan significativamente el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#44; tras controlar la puntuaci&#243;n inicial &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; La estimaci&#243;n &#40;EST&#41; para la puntuaci&#243;n inicial indica que cuanto menor es la puntuaci&#243;n inicial&#44; mayor es el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora &#40;EST<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8211;0&#46;22&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto al efecto principal del curso&#44; las medias marginales &#40;MM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">curso</span>&#41; sugieren que el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora puede ser especialmente destacado en el curso de 1&#46;&#176; de primaria y disminuir a medida que aumenta el curso &#40;MM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;19&#44; SE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;80&#59; MM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;26&#44; SE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;66&#59; MM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;77&#44; SE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;72&#59; MM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;38&#44; SE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;84&#59; MM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;56&#44; SE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;35&#41;&#46; Las medias marginales estimadas no se calculan para el curso de 1&#46;&#176;&#44; porque el modelo incluye una interacci&#243;n entre el curso y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a &#40;y en 1&#46;&#176; no se dispone de datos para dos de las opciones de tutor&#237;a&#44; debido a las decisiones de los centros en cuanto al rol de los alumnos&#41;&#46; Cuando solo se incluyen los efectos principales en el modelo&#44; el curso de 1&#46;&#176; muestra el mayor aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora &#40;MM<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#46;59&#44; SE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;08&#41;&#44; y es significativamente superior a todos los dem&#225;s cursos&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con referencia a la interacci&#243;n entre esta variable y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Tabla 4</a>&#41;&#44; las pruebas &#243;mnibus sugieren que existen diferencias significativas entre las opciones de tutor&#237;a en 2&#46;&#176; curso &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;012&#41;&#44; 3&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">er</span> curso &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;022&#41; y 6&#46;&#176; curso &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;041&#41;&#44; pero no en 1&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">er</span> curso &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;080&#41;&#44; 4&#46;&#176; curso &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;159&#41; y 5&#46;&#176; curso &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;353&#41;&#46; A continuaci&#243;n&#44; se comentan los tres cursos que muestran diferencias significativas&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En 2&#46;&#176; curso&#44; los efectos simples indican que el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora es especialmente destacado en los tutorados <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&#44; con diferencias significativas cuando se comparan con las dos opciones de tutor&#237;a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span> &#8212;rol rec&#237;proco de la misma edad &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;006&#41; y rol fijo de la misma edad &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;004&#41;&#8212;&#44; pero no con los tutores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;236&#41;&#46; Ninguna de las dem&#225;s comparaciones entre opciones de tutor&#237;a es significativa &#40;&#46;273 &#8804; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#8804; &#46;666&#41;&#46; En 3&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">er</span> curso&#44; los efectos simples indican que el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora es especialmente destacado en el rol rec&#237;proco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&#44; con diferencias significativas cuando se comparan con los tutores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;002&#41; y los tutorados <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;034&#41;&#44; pero no con el rol fijo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;236&#41;&#46; Este &#250;ltimo tambi&#233;n supera significativamente a los tutores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;046&#41;&#46; Las dem&#225;s comparaciones entre las opciones de tutor&#237;a no son significativas &#40;&#46;110 &#8804; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#8804; &#46;395&#41;&#46; En 6&#46;&#176; curso&#44; los efectos simples indican que el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora es menos destacado en el rol fijo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&#44; y es significativamente inferior al rol rec&#237;proco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;026&#41; y a los tutores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;008&#41;&#46; La diferencia cuando se compara con los tutores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span> no es significativa &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;253&#41;&#44; dada la peque&#241;a muestra para esta opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41;&#44; que contribuye a un error est&#225;ndar elevado &#40;SE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;51&#41;&#46; Las dem&#225;s comparaciones entre las opciones de tutor&#237;a no son significativas &#40;0&#46;886 &#8804; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#8804; 0&#46;943&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Interacci&#243;n entre el tutor y el tutorado a lo largo de las sesiones de tutor&#237;a entre iguales</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis de la interacci&#243;n de la muestra de parejas proporciona informaci&#243;n relevante sobre el proceso de comprensi&#243;n lectora&#44; que ayuda a entender el aumento detectado en la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#46; Los tres segmentos representan una proporci&#243;n diferente de la interacci&#243;n&#58; 17&#46;59&#37; de las acciones antes de leer&#44; 30&#46;34&#37; mientras leen y 52&#46;07&#37; despu&#233;s de leer&#46; Centr&#225;ndonos en el segmento de antes de la lectura &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Tabla 5</a>&#41;&#44; la mayor&#237;a de las acciones proceden de la activaci&#243;n de los conocimientos previos &#40;33&#46;09&#37;&#41;&#44; con patrones de interacci&#243;n tanto activos como co-constructivos dentro de esta estrategia &#40;50&#37; y 47&#46;83&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Las dem&#225;s estrategias dentro del segmento anterior a la lectura muestran patrones similares&#46; Cabe destacar que todas las parejas llevan a cabo al menos una de las estrategias esenciales previas a la lectura&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto al segmento de lectura&#44; la lectura conjunta y la lectura del tutorado son las dos estrategias analizadas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Tabla 6</a>&#41;&#46; En cuanto a la lectura conjunta&#44; cabe destacar que m&#225;s de la mitad de las parejas &#40;54&#46;24&#37;&#41; realizan correctamente esta estrategia&#44; que es exigente porque requiere una gran atenci&#243;n para descodificar el texto con fluidez y coordinar el ritmo de lectura con el compa&#241;ero&#46; En cuanto a la lectura del tutor&#44; se observan distintos niveles de colaboraci&#243;n&#44; destacando el uso de la t&#233;cnica de pausa-pista-ponderaci&#243;n &#40;57&#46;07&#37;&#41;&#46; Las autocorrecciones por parte del tutorado tambi&#233;n se producen con frecuencia &#40;19&#46;70&#37;&#41;&#44; probablemente gracias a la tarea de lectura en voz alta ante el tutor como audiencia&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Centr&#225;ndonos en el segmento posterior a la lectura&#44; se trata de estrategias de comprensi&#243;n lectora relacionadas con la comprobaci&#243;n de las hip&#243;tesis iniciales&#44; la identificaci&#243;n de las ideas principales del texto y la respuesta a preguntas de comprensi&#243;n lectora literal&#44; inferencial y profunda &#8212;tambi&#233;n teniendo en cuenta los errores del tutor y del tutorado&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; tambi&#233;n se analiza c&#243;mo responde la pareja de estudiantes a las preguntas del tutorado &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0035">Tabla 7</a>&#41;&#46; En el segmento posterior a la lectura&#44; la mayor&#237;a de las acciones se refieren a responder a las preguntas de comprensi&#243;n lectora &#40;89&#46;34&#37;&#41;&#46; Aqu&#237;&#44; los alumnos suelen co-construir la respuesta &#40;56&#46;85&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0035"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados muestran un aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#44; con diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas entre el pretest y el posttest en todos los cursos&#44; roles de tutor&#237;a y opciones &#40;con un gran tama&#241;o del efecto en todos los subgrupos&#44; excepto para los tutores de la misma edad de 6&#46;&#176; curso&#44; cuyo tama&#241;o del efecto es moderado&#41;&#46; Estos resultados est&#225;n en consonancia con estudios anteriores sobre el mismo programa de tutor&#237;a entre iguales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">Flores y Duran&#44; 2016&#59; Valdebenito y Duran&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#44; as&#237; como con la investigaci&#243;n internacional sobre la tutor&#237;a entre iguales para el desarrollo de habilidades lectoras &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">Gubalani et al&#46;&#44; 2023&#59; Robison&#44; 2022&#59; Topping et al&#46;&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados del modelo lineal mixto sugieren que el curso escolar y la interacci&#243;n entre esta variable y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a moderan significativamente el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#44; tras controlar la puntuaci&#243;n inicial&#46; La estimaci&#243;n para la puntuaci&#243;n inicial indica que cuanto m&#225;s baja es la puntuaci&#243;n inicial&#44; mayor es el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#46; Esto sugiere que la intervenci&#243;n puede ser especialmente beneficiosa para los alumnos de bajo rendimiento&#44; en l&#237;nea con estudios anteriores sobre la tutor&#237;a entre iguales &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035">Bowman-Perrott et al&#46;&#44; 2013&#59; Toulia et al&#46;&#44; 2023</a>&#41;&#46; En cuanto al efecto principal del curso escolar&#44; el aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora puede disminuir a medida que se avanza de curso&#46; En otras palabras&#44; los alumnos m&#225;s j&#243;venes pueden beneficiarse especialmente de la intervenci&#243;n&#46; En los primeros cursos de educaci&#243;n primaria&#44; las habilidades de descodificaci&#243;n explican en gran medida la varianza en t&#233;rminos de comprensi&#243;n lectora &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Catts&#44; 2018</a>&#41;&#46; En la intervenci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a entre iguales analizada en este estudio&#44; los distintos momentos de lectura conjunta pueden haber ayudado a superar las barreras en t&#233;rminos de descodificaci&#243;n y contribuir as&#237; al aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#46; Centr&#225;ndonos en la interacci&#243;n entre el curso escolar y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a&#44; los resultados sugieren que puede haber diferencias entre las opciones de tutor&#237;a en algunos de los cursos escolares&#46; Seg&#250;n el modelo&#44; en 2&#46;&#176; curso&#44; los alumnos pueden beneficiarse especialmente de la ayuda de un tutor de mayor edad&#46; En 3&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">er</span> curso&#44; el rol rec&#237;proco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span> puede ser especialmente enriquecedor &#8212;probablemente se benefician del potencial de aprendizaje de ambos roles &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">Thurston et al&#46;&#44; 2020</a>&#41;&#8212;&#44; mientras que el aumento puede ser ligeramente menos destacado para los tutores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&#46; En 6&#46;&#176; curso&#44; el menor aumento de la comprensi&#243;n lectora en el caso del rol fijo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span> puede estar relacionado con cuestiones de estatus y con la teor&#237;a de roles &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">Leung&#44; 2019</a>&#41;&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estos resultados relacionados con la interacci&#243;n entre el curso escolar y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a deben interpretarse con cautela&#46; Existen pruebas de que variables como la implicaci&#243;n de la familia &#40;e&#46; g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Leung&#44; 2015</a>&#41; y el n&#250;mero de sesiones &#40;e&#46; g&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">&#214;z&#44; 2023</a>&#41; pueden afectar a los resultados de aprendizaje de los alumnos en la tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; aunque el g&#233;nero no parece afectar a los resultados del aprendizaje en la tutor&#237;a entre iguales ni a la interacci&#243;n entre compa&#241;eros &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180">Leung&#44; 2019&#59; Tenenbaum et al&#46;&#44; 2020</a>&#41;&#44; puede influir en las puntuaciones de comprensi&#243;n lectora &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Logan y Johnston&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46; Es muy posible que estas variables que no se han podido recoger exhaustivamente expliquen mejor la varianza y ayuden as&#237; a mejorar el modelo&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis de la interacci&#243;n subraya algunas acciones que han podido contribuir a los resultados positivos&#46; Muestra c&#243;mo los alumnos practican de forma expl&#237;cita y eficaz estrategias basadas en evidencias para la comprensi&#243;n lectora en distintos momentos del proceso&#58; antes&#44; durante y despu&#233;s de la lectura &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Boardman et al&#46;&#44; 2018</a>&#41;&#46; Antes de leer&#44; activan los conocimientos previos&#44; que se sabe que predicen la comprensi&#243;n lectora &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">Cano et al&#46;&#44; 2014&#59; Tarchi&#44; 2010</a>&#41;&#46; Durante la lectura&#44; todas las parejas analizadas llevan a cabo dos momentos de lectura en voz alta&#46; Aqu&#237;&#44; dos elementos son especialmente relevantes para la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#58; la lectura repetida y la lectura en voz alta&#46; Ambos afectan positivamente a la fluidez lectora&#44; la precisi&#243;n lectora y la realizaci&#243;n de inferencias&#44; que son factores clave para la competencia lectora &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130">Gorsuch y Taguchi&#44; 2010&#59; Hwang et al&#46;&#44; 2023</a>&#41;&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; tras la lectura&#44; tutor y tutorado dedican la mayor parte del tiempo a responder a las preguntas de comprensi&#243;n lectora&#46; En m&#225;s de la mitad de las ocasiones&#44; co-construyen la respuesta&#46; El marco de colaboraci&#243;n en la tutor&#237;a entre iguales &#40;i&#46; e&#46;&#44; basada en la interacci&#243;n continua uno a uno entre tutor y tutorado&#41; ofrece a los participantes m&#250;ltiples oportunidades de practicar estrategias esenciales para el desarrollo de la competencia lectora&#44; que quiz&#225; no se practican en tal medida en otros formatos de clase &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">Boardman et al&#46;&#44; 2018&#59; Gubalani et al&#46;&#44; 2023</a>&#41;&#46; La construcci&#243;n conjunta y reflexiva de respuestas a trav&#233;s de la negociaci&#243;n y el andamiaje puede ser responsable del desarrollo de la comprensi&#243;n lectora tanto para los tutores como para los tutorados &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075">Chi y Menekse&#44; 2015&#59; Pulles et al&#46;&#44; 2022</a>&#41;&#46; Los tutores pueden beneficiarse de las oportunidades de aprender ense&#241;ando &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">Duran&#44; 2023&#59; Roscoe y Chi&#44; 2007</a>&#41;&#46; Para los tutores&#44; proporcionar a los tutorados pistas o ejemplos y elaborar la informaci&#243;n para resolver las dudas de los tutorados &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Cao y Kim&#44; 2021</a>&#41; puede tener una influencia positiva en su propia comprensi&#243;n lectora&#46; Tambi&#233;n se encargan de supervisar los procesos de lectura&#44; con el fin de comprobar la comprensi&#243;n del texto por parte de los tutorados y ayudarles a reflexionar sobre los progresos y los retos&#44; lo que fomenta el uso de estrategias metacognitivas que pueden potenciar su aprendizaje &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Ain et al&#46;&#44; 2023</a>&#41;&#46; En cuanto a los tutorados&#44; probablemente se benefician de recibir comentarios personalizados e inmediatos del tutor&#44; as&#237; como de un modelado y una orientaci&#243;n constante en la pr&#225;ctica de estrategias de comprensi&#243;n lectora &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">Topping et al&#46;&#44; 2015</a>&#41;&#46; El apoyo del tutor tambi&#233;n ayuda a los tutorados a centrarse en la comprensi&#243;n del significado del texto y no solamente en la descodificaci&#243;n&#44; gracias a las t&#233;cnicas utilizadas en los momentos de lectura conjunta &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Downs et al&#46;&#44; 2023</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conjunto&#44; parece que el programa de tutor&#237;a entre iguales analizado en este estudio fomenta la comprensi&#243;n lectora de los alumnos de primaria en las distintas opciones de tutor&#237;a y roles &#40;&#46;43 &#8804; ES &#8804; &#46;97&#41;&#46; Las evidencias provienen de diez a&#241;os de pr&#225;ctica en contextos reales&#44; basadas en los datos de 8128 alumnos &#40;de 6 a 12 a&#241;os&#41; de 58 escuelas&#46; A pesar de las limitaciones mencionadas en cuanto a la recopilaci&#243;n de informaci&#243;n sobre variables adicionales y el control exhaustivo de la fidelidad de la aplicaci&#243;n&#44; cabe destacar la validez ecol&#243;gica de los hallazgos&#46; Los resultados positivos se deben probablemente a la interacci&#243;n altamente estructurada que favorece la tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#44; con el fin de ayudar a los alumnos a co-construir el significado de los textos bas&#225;ndose en la pr&#225;ctica expl&#237;cita de estrategias clave para el desarrollo de la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#46; Cabe se&#241;alar que&#44; para que la implementaci&#243;n del programa tenga el mayor &#233;xito posible&#44; se pide a las escuelas que tomen decisiones basadas en su propio contexto y en sus conocimientos adquiridos durante la formaci&#243;n sobre los potenciales y los retos de las distintas funciones y opciones&#46; Como afirman <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Elleman y Oslund &#40;2019&#41;</a>&#44; la mejora de las competencias lectoras requiere la estrecha colaboraci&#243;n entre docentes&#44; investigadores y responsables pol&#237;ticos&#44; para aunar esfuerzos y encontrar medidas a medio y largo plazo que se desarrollen de forma sostenible en las escuelas y se conviertan en una pr&#225;ctica habitual&#46; En este sentido&#44; la tutor&#237;a entre iguales debe considerarse una pr&#225;ctica educativa eficaz para el desarrollo de la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabajo no ha recibido ning&#250;n tipo de financiaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio investiga el desarrollo de la comprensi&#243;n lectora en estudiantes de primaria que participan en un programa de tutor&#237;a entre iguales&#46; Se recogen datos de 8128 estudiantes de primaria &#40;6&#8211;12 a&#241;os&#41; de 58 escuelas que participan en el programa entre 2012 y 2022&#46; Se plantean dos objetivos de investigaci&#243;n&#58; &#40;1&#41; identificar los cambios que se producen en comprensi&#243;n lectora a partir de un pretest-posttest y &#40;2&#41; analizar la interacci&#243;n de una submuestra de parejas para poder explicar los cambios detectados&#46; Los an&#225;lisis de subgrupos del pretest-posttest muestran una mejora en la comprensi&#243;n lectora para todos los niveles&#44; formatos de tutor&#237;a y roles desarrollados &#40;&#46;43<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ES</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;97&#41;&#46; Un modelo lineal mixto muestra que el curso y la interacci&#243;n entre esta variable y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a pueden moderar la mejora en comprensi&#243;n lectora&#44; despu&#233;s de controlar el efecto de la puntuaci&#243;n inicial&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la interacci&#243;n se&#241;ala elementos clave que pueden explicar esta mejora&#44; principalmente el uso expl&#237;cito de estrategias para la comprensi&#243;n lectora&#44; la realizaci&#243;n de lecturas repetidas en voz alta y la construcci&#243;n conjunta de respuestas&#46; En general&#44; los resultados apoyan el uso de la tutor&#237;a entre iguales para el desarrollo de la comprensi&#243;n lectora a lo largo de la educaci&#243;n primaria&#46; Se discuten las limitaciones del estudio&#44; as&#237; como las implicaciones para la investigaci&#243;n y la pr&#225;ctica&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study investigates the development of reading comprehension in primary school students who took part in a peer tutoring programme&#46; Data were collected from 8&#44;128 students &#40;aged 6&#8211;12&#41; from 58 schools that participated in the programme between 2012 and 2022&#46; Adopting a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design&#44; two research aims are addressed&#58; &#40;1&#41; to detect changes in reading comprehension in a pretest-posttest&#44; and &#40;2&#41; to analyse the interaction of a subsample of pairs to explain these changes&#46; Pretest-posttest subgroup analyses show a significant improvement in reading comprehension for all levels&#44; tutoring options&#44; and roles &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; same-age tutors and tutees&#44; same-age reciprocal role&#44; cross-age tutors and tutees&#41; &#40;&#46;43 &#8804; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ES</span> &#8804; &#46;97&#41;&#46; A linear mixed model shows that grade level and the interaction between this variable and tutoring option may moderate the increase in reading comprehension&#44; after controlling for initial score&#46; Interaction analysis points to key elements that can explain this improvement&#44; mainly students&#8217; explicit use of strategies for reading comprehension&#44; repeated episodes of reading the text aloud&#44; and joint construction of answers&#46; Overall&#44; these findings support the use of peer tutoring for the development of reading comprehension throughout primary education&#46; Limitations of the study as well as implications for research and practice are discussed&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">269&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">237&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">323&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1281&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2013&#8211;2014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">487&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2284&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2014&#8211;2015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">337&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">294&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">912&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2015&#8211;2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">147&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">352&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">158&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">188&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">878&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2016&#8211;2017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">125&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">356&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">172&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">742&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2017&#8211;2018&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">337&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">386&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">940&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2018&#8211;2019&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">167&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">140&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">197&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">603&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2019&#8211;2020&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">183&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2020&#8211;2021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2021&#8211;2022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">305&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">357&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1242&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2615&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1266&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2141&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">507&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8128&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3581455.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
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                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">n&#47;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">41&#46;848&#40;21&#46;001&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;966&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rol fijo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">170&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#46;420&#40;18&#46;968&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;083&#40;16&#46;573&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11296&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;822&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutorado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">204&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&#46;655&#40;20&#46;301&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&#46;848&#40;19&#46;098&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16683&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;782&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rol rec&#237;proco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&#46;730&#40;21&#46;321&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;734&#40;19&#46;671&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13207&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;861&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">156&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#46;613&#40;19&#46;669&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&#46;437&#40;20&#46;221&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9014&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;657&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutorado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">527&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&#46;552&#40;19&#46;642&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;873&#40;19&#46;609&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">118607&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;909&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">er</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">curso</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rol fijo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">320&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&#46;977&#40;20&#46;365&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&#46;721&#40;19&#46;510&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38902&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;844&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutorado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">290&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#46;110&#40;18&#46;777&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;640&#40;14&#46;879&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30759&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">41513&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;216&#40;20&#46;731&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutorado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">67&#46;495&#40;21&#46;047&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&#46;956&#40;21&#46;248&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29940&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutorado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">235&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&#46;867&#40;18&#46;807&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;000&#40;18&#46;706&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22765&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;807&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">5&#46;&#176; curso</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rol fijo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;433&#40;18&#46;832&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53&#46;498&#40;18&#46;217&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34373&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;687&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutorado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">313&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&#46;236&#40;19&#46;808&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&#46;040&#40;16&#46;204&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">37121&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;747&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rol rec&#237;proco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">215&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;599&#40;18&#46;307&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&#46;714&#40;18&#46;658&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17019&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#46;759&#40;18&#44;993&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&#46;329&#40;17&#46;243&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">585091&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;744&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutorado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cross-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;054&#40;19&#46;663&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&#46;179&#40;21&#46;708&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">667&#46;500&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;802&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">6&#46;&#176; curso</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rol fijo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tutor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&#46;271&#40;16&#46;882&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;653&#40;13&#46;947&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1678&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2586&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rol rec&#237;proco <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">same-age</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;853&#40;18&#46;661&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;194&#40;17&#46;252&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">32&#46;099&#40;12&#46;738&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;022&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis por subgrupos de la comparaci&#243;n posttest-pretest de las puntuaciones en comprensi&#243;n lectora</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">3207&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pruebas &#243;mnibus de efectos fijos del modelo lineal mixto para el aumento de las puntuaciones en comprensi&#243;n lectora</p>"
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                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Medias marginales estimadas del aumento de la puntuaci&#243;n en comprensi&#243;n lectora seg&#250;n el curso y la opci&#243;n de tutor&#237;a</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 5"
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        "mostrarFloat" => true
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            "detalle" => "Tabla "
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&#46; Antes de leer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#46;1 Activaci&#243;n de la motivaci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">38</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">27&#46;34</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;1&#46;1 El tutor inicia la actividad&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;1&#46;2 El tutorado inicia la actividad&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;1&#46;3 Tutor y tutorado inician la actividad&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#46;2 Exploraci&#243;n del texto</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">33</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">23&#46;74</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2&#46;1 Respuesta directa del tutor&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2&#46;2 Respuesta directa del tutorado&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2&#46;3 El tutor hace una pregunta y el tutorado responde&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;2&#46;4 Tutor y tutorado negocian la respuesta&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#46;3 Activaci&#243;n de conocimientos previos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">46</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">33&#46;09</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;3&#46;1 Respuesta directa del tutor&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;3&#46;2 Respuesta directa del tutorado&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;3&#46;3 El tutor hace una pregunta y el tutorado responde&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;3&#46;4 Tutor y tutorado negocian la respuesta&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">1&#46;4 Generaci&#243;n de hip&#243;tesis y predicciones</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">32</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">15&#46;83</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;4&#46;1 Respuesta directa del tutor&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;4&#46;2 Respuesta directa del tutorado&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;4&#46;3 El tutor hace una pregunta y el tutorado responde&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;4&#46;4 Tutor y tutorado negocian la respuesta&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Total</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">149</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">17&#46;59</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab3581456.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribuci&#243;n de frecuencias respecto a las dimensiones y categor&#237;as del segmento 1&#58; Antes de la lectura</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0030"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
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            "detalle" => "Tabla "
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&#46; Lectura&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#46;1 Lectura conjunta</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">59</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">22&#46;96</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;1&#46;1 El tutor y el tutorado no se escuchan&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">44&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;1&#46;2 El tutor lee y el tutorado escucha&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;1&#46;3 El tutorado lee y el tutor lo escucha&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;1&#46;4 El tutor y el tutorado leen y se escuchan activamente&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#46;2 Lectura del tutorado</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">198</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;2&#46;1 El tutorado lee sin cometer errores&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;2&#46;2 El tutorado se corrige a s&#237; mismo&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;2&#46;3 El tutor corrige el error directamente y el tutorado incorpora la correcci&#243;n&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;2&#46;4 Utilizaci&#243;n de la t&#233;cnica de pausa-pista-ponderaci&#243;n&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">113&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">198&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Total</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">257</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">30&#46;34</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab3581454.png"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribuci&#243;n de frecuencias respecto a las dimensiones y categor&#237;as del segmento 2&#58; Lectura</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at7"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3&#46; Despu&#233;s de leer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#46;1 Verificaci&#243;n de hip&#243;tesis y predicciones</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">18</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#46;08</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;1&#46;1 Respuesta directa del tutor&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;1&#46;2 Respuesta directa del tutorado&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;1&#46;3 El tutor hace una pregunta y el tutorado responde&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;1&#46;4 Tutor y tutorado negocian la respuesta&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#46;2 Responder a preguntas de comprensi&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">394</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">89&#46;34</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;2&#46;1 Respuesta directa del tutor&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;2&#46;2 Respuesta directa del tutorado&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;2&#46;3 El tutor hace una pregunta y el tutorado responde&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">135&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;2&#46;4 Tutor y tutorado negocian la respuesta&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">224&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;2&#46;5 El tutor da algunas pistas o respuestas err&#243;neas&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;2&#46;6 El tutor no corrige una respuesta err&#243;nea&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">394&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#46;3 Identificaci&#243;n de las ideas principales</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">18</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">4&#46;08</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;3&#46;1 Respuesta directa del tutor&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;3&#46;2 Respuesta directa del tutorado&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;3&#46;3 El tutor hace una pregunta y el tutorado responde&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;3&#46;4 Tutor y tutorado negocian la respuesta&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">3&#46;4 Soluci&#243;n de las dudas de comprensi&#243;n del tutorado</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">11</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">2&#46;50</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;4&#46;1 El tutor no conoce la respuesta&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;4&#46;2 Respuesta directa del tutor&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;4&#46;3 Respuesta directa del tutorado&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;4&#46;4 Tutor y tutorado negocian la respuesta&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Subtotal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Total</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">441</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">52&#46;07</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 11361034
Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1016/j.psicod.2024.04.004
Datos actualizados diariamente
año/Mes Html Pdf Total
2024 Julio 6 0 6

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