metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) An empirical study of psychosocial and clinical correlates of delusional disorde...
Información de la revista
Vol. 2. Núm. 2.
Páginas 72-82 (enero 2009)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 2. Núm. 2.
Páginas 72-82 (enero 2009)
Acceso a texto completo
An empirical study of psychosocial and clinical correlates of delusional disorder: the DELIREMP study
Un estudio empírico de los correlatos psicosociales y clínicos del trastorno delirante: el estudio DELIREMP
Visitas
1661
Enrique de Portugala, Nieves Gonzálezb, Míriam Vilaplanab, Josep M. Haroc, Judit Usallc, Jorge A. Cervillad,
Autor para correspondencia
jacb@ugr.es

Corresponding author.
a Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
b Research and Development Unit, Sant-Joan de Déu-SSM, Barcelona, Spain
c Research and Development Unit, Sant-Joan de Déu-SSM, CIBER en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) nodo de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
d Department of Psychiatry & Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, CIBER en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) nodo de la Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Abstract
Objective

We aim to describe psychosocial and clinical correlates of DD and its types. This approach is important because most knowledge on DD does not come from empirical data collected using a validated systematic research method.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 86 patients fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for DD as established using the SCID-I. Variables were evaluated using a systematic methodology and standardized instruments, and included possible psychosocial risk factors (low socioeconomic status or social isolation, immigration, sensory deficits, older age at onset), family history of psychiatric disorders and premorbid personality (SAP), psychotic psychopathology (PANSS), depressive syndrome (MADRS), global cognitive functioning (MMSE), axis I comorbidity (MINI) and other clinical aspects such as global functionality (GAF), and disability (SDI). A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire was also completed.

Results

The mean age at onset was 39.6 years and 61.6% of the cases were female. The most frequent DD types were persecutory (59.3%) and jealous (22.1%). Nearly 21% had a family history of schizophrenia and 17.4% had DD (significantly higher among those with the jealous subtype). Sixty-four percent had a premorbid personality disorder (38.4% paranoid, 12.8% schizoid). The grandiose type was significantly associated with higher scores on the PANSS positive subscale and the mixed type with lower scores on the PANSS negative subscale. Depression affected 45.3% of subjects (mainly mild depression) and 45.3% had hallucinations (20.9% tactile, 16.3% olfactory), which were more common among somatic cases. The mean MMSE was 27.6 (SD=2.5) suggesting a preserved cognitive function. Mean GAF was 63.9 (SD=11.3) indicating a moderate degree of disability, which was significantly worse amongst grandiose cases.

Conclusion

This study provides unique empirical and reliable evidence on the real psychosocial, clinical, and psychopathological correlates of DD and its types.

Keywords:
Delusional disorder
Paranoia
Psychopathology
Psychosis
Symptoms
Resumen
Objetivo

La finalidad de este estudio es describir los correlatos psicosociales y clínicos del trastorno delirante (TD) y sus tipos. Este enfoque es importante porque la mayor parte del conocimiento existente sobre el TD no procede de datos empíricos obtenidos con el empleo de un método de investigación sistemático validado.

Métodos

Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en una muestra de 86 pacientes que cumplían los criterios del DSM-IV para el TD según lo determinado con la aplicación del SCID-I. Las variables estudiadas se evaluaron con una metodología sistemática y con instrumentos estandarizados, e incluyeron los posibles factores de riesgo psicosocial (bajo nivel socioeconómico o aislamiento social, inmigración, deficiencias sensoriales, edad avanzada al inicio), los antecedentes psiquiátricos familiares y personalidad premórbida (SAP), la psicopatología psicótica (PANSS), el síndrome depresivo (MADRS), la función cognitiva general (MMSE), la comorbilidad de eje I (MINI) y otros aspectos clínicos, como el funcionamiento general (GAF) y la discapacidad (SDI). Se completó también un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico.

Resultados

La media de edad al inicio del TD era 39,6 años y un 61,6% de los pacientes eran mujeres. Los tipos más frecuentes de TD fueron el persecutorio (59,3%) y el celotípico (22,1%). Casi un 21% de los pacientes tenían antecedentes familiares de esquizofrenia y el 17,4%, de TD (en un porcentaje significativamente mayor en el tipo celotípico). El 64% de los pacientes tenían trastorno de la personalidad premórbido (el 38,4%, paranoide, y el 12,8%, esquizoide). El tipo de TD de grandiosidad se relacionaba de manera significativa con unas puntuaciones más altas de la subescala positiva de la PANSS, y el tipo mixto, con puntuaciones más bajas de la subescala negativa de la PANSS. La depresión afectaba al 45,3% de los pacientes (principalmente, depresión leve) y un 45,3% tenía alucinaciones (el 20,9%, táctiles, y el 16,3%, olfatorias), que eran más frecuentes en los casos de tipo somático. La media ± desviación estándar de la MMSE era 27,6±2,5, lo cual indicaba una función cognitiva preservada. La media de GAF era 63,9±11,3, que corresponde a un grado moderado de discapacidad; este aspecto era significativamente peor en los casos del tipo de grandiosidad.

Conclusiones

Este estudio aporta una evidencia única, de carácter empírico y fiable, sobre los correlatos psicosociales, clínicos y psicopatológicos reales del TD y sus tipos.

Palabras clave:
Trastorno delirante
Paranoia
Psicopatología
Psicosis
Síntomas
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
K.S. Kendler.
Demography of paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) A review and comparison with schizophrenia and affective illness.
Arch Gen Phychiatry, 39 (1982), pp. 890-990
[2.]
APA.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMIV).
American Psychiatric Association, (1994),
[3.]
T.C. Manschreck.
Delusional disorder: the recognition and management of paranoia.
J Clin Psychiatry, 57 (1996), pp. 32-38
[4.]
N. Yamada, S. Nakajima, T. Noguchi.
Age onset of delusional disorder is dependent on the delusional theme.
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 97 (1998), pp. 122-124
[5.]
G. Maina, U. Albert, A. Bada, F. Bogetto.
Occurrence and clinical correlates of psychiatric co-morbidity in delusional disorder.
Eur Psychiatry, 16 (2001), pp. 222-228
[6.]
M.C. Hsiao, C.Y. Liu, Y.Y. Yang, E.K. Yeh.
Delusional disorder: retrospective analysis of 86 Chinese outpatients.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 53 (1999), pp. 673-676
[7.]
E. De Portugal, N. González, J.M. Haro, J. Autonell, J.A. Cervilla.
A descriptive case-register study of delusional disorder.
Eur Psychiatry, 23 (2008), pp. 125-133
[8.]
C. Marino, M. Nobile, L. Bellodi, E. Smeraldi.
Delusional disorder y mood disorder: can they coexist.
Phycopathology, 26 (1993), pp. 58-61
[9.]
S. Grover, N. Gupta, S. Kumar.
Delusional disorder: An overview.
German Journal of Psychiatry, 9 (2006), pp. 63-72
[10.]
B.A. Maher.
Delusions: contemporary etiological hypotheses.
Psychiatric Annals, 22 (1992), pp. 260-268
[11.]
P. Hitch, P. Rack.
Mental illness among Polish and Russian refugees in Bradford.
Br J Psychiatry, 137 (1980), pp. 206-211
[12.]
A.F. Cooper, D.W.K. Kay, A.R. Curry.
Hearing loss in paranoid and affective psychoses of the elderly.
Lancet, 2 (1974), pp. 851-854
[13.]
A.F. Cooper, R.F. Garcide, D.W.K. Kay.
A comparison of the deaf and non deaf patients with paranoids and affective psychoses.
Br J Psychiatry, 129 (1976), pp. 532
[14.]
A. Munro, Delusional, Hipochondriasis.
Clarke institute of Psychiatry Monograph No. 5.
Clarke institute of Psychiatry, (1982),
[15.]
K.S. Kendler, C.C. Masterson, R. Ungaro.
A family history study of schizophrenia-related personality disorder.
Am J Psychiatry, 141 (1982), pp. 424-427
[16.]
D. Jimenez, A. Chinchilla.
Personality disorders in a psychiatric unit: retrospective study.
Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr Cienc Afines, 23 (1995), pp. 58-66
[17.]
J.A.G. Watt, D.J. Hall, P.C. Olley.
Paranoids states of middle life. Familiar occurence and relationship to schizophrenia.
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 6 (1980), pp. 413-426
[18.]
K.S. Kendler, P. Hays.
Paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and schizophrenia: a family history study.
Arch Gen Phychiatry, 38 (1981), pp. 547-551
[19.]
K.S. Kendler, A.M. Gruenberg.
Genetic relationship between paranoid personality disorder and the Schizophrenic “Spectrum” disorders.
Am J Psychiatry, 139 (1982), pp. 1185-1187
[20.]
K.S. Kendler, A.M. Gruenberg, J.S. Strauss.
An independ analysis of the Copenhagen sample of the Danish Adopsion Study of Schizophrenia III: the relationship between paranoid psychosis (delusional disorder) and the schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Arch Gen Phychiatry, 38 (1982), pp. 985-987
[21.]
K.S. Kendler, A.M. Gruenberg, M.T. Tsuang.
Psychiatric illness in first degree relatives of schizophrenia and surgical control patients: A family study using DSM-III criteria.
Arch Gen Phychiatry, 42 (1985), pp. 770-779
[22.]
J.A.G. Watt.
The relationship of paranoid states to schizophrenia.
Am J Phychiatry, 142 (1985), pp. 1456-1458
[23.]
G. Winokur.
Familial phycophatology in delusional disorder.
Compr Psychiatry, 26 (1985), pp. 241-248
[24.]
K.S. Kendler, D. Walsh.
Schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified: Clinical Features Outcome and Familial Psychopathy.
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 9 (1995), pp. 370-378
[25.]
A. Munro.
Phenomenologic aspects of monodelusional disorder.
Br J Psychiatry, 159 (1991), pp. 62-64
[26.]
Y. Lo, S.J. Jsai, C.H. Chang, et al.
Organic delusional disorder in psychiatric in patients: Comparison with delusional disorder.
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 95 (1997), pp. 161-163
[27.]
P. Berner, E. Gabriel, M.L. Kronberger, B. Küfferle, H. Schanda, R. Trappl.
Course and outcome of delusional psychoses.
Psychopathology, 17 (1984), pp. 28-36
[28.]
M.B. First, R.L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, J.B.W. Williams.
User's guide for the Structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I).
American Psychiatric Publishing, (1997),
[29.]
M. Gómez Beneyto.
Instrumentalización de las ideas en investigación: Curso de doctorado en psiquiatría: Departamento de Medicina; Facultad de Medicina.
Valencia, (1995),
[30.]
A.H. Mann, R. Jenkins, J.C. Cutting, P.J. Cowen.
The development and use of standardized assessment of abnormal personality.
Psychol Med, 11 (1981), pp. 839-847
[31.]
S.R. Kay, A. Fiszbein, L.A. Opler.
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia.
Schizophr Bull, 13 (1987), pp. 261-276
[32.]
V. Peralta, M.J. Cuesta.
Validación de la escala de los síndromes positivo y negativo (PANSS) en una muestra de esquizofrénicos españoles.
Actas Luso-Esp Neurol Psiquiatr, 221 (1994), pp. 71-177
[33.]
S.A. Montgomery, M.A. Asberg.
A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change.
Br J Psychiatry, 134 (1979), pp. 382-389
[34.]
R. Martínez, M. Bourgeois, F. Peyre, et al.
Estudio de la validación de la escala de depresión de Montgomery y Asberg.
Rev As Esp Neuropsiquiatría, 11 (1991), pp. 9-14
[35.]
M.F. Folstein, S.E. Folstein, P.R. Mchugh.
“Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.
J Psychiatr Res, 12 (1975), pp. 189-198
[36.]
A. Lobo, P. Saz, G. Marcos, J.L. Día, et al.
Revalidación y normalización del Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo (primera versión en castellano del Mini-Mental Status Examination) en la población general geriátrica.
Med Clin, 112 (1999), pp. 767-774
[37.]
D.V. Sheehan, Y. Lecrubier, K. Harnett Sheehan, J. Janavs, E. Weiller, A. Keskiner, et al.
The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability.
Eur Psychiatry, 12 (1997), pp. 232-241
[38.]
D.V. Sheehan, Y. Lecrubier, K.H. Sheehan, P. Amorim, J. Janavs, E. Weiller, et al.
The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10.
J Clin Psychiatry, 59 (1998), pp. 22-23
[39.]
J. Bobes, M. Gutierrez, D. Palao, L. Ferrando, J. Gibert-Rahola, Y. Lecrubier, et al.
Validez del MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) en tres centros de AP en España.
Psiquiatría Biológica, 4 (1997), pp. 79
[40.]
A.P.A. Diagnostic.
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMIII-R).
American Psychiatric Association, (1987),
[41.]
D.V. Sheehan, K. Harnett-Sheehan, B.A. Raj.
The measurement of disability.
Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 11 (1996), pp. 89-95
[42.]
J. Bobes, X. Badía, A. Luque, et al.
Validación de las versiones en español de los cuestionarios Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Social Anxiety and Disertas Scale y Sheehan Disability Inventory para la evaluación de la fobia social.
Med Clin, 112 (1999), pp. 530-538
[43.]
K.S. Kendler, M. MC Guire, A.M. Gruenberg, A. O’hare, M. Spellman, D. Walsh, The Roscommon Family Study. III.
Schizophreniarelated personality disorders in relatives.
Arch Gen Psychiat, 50 (1993), pp. 781-788
[44.]
S.L. MC Elroy, K.A. Phillips, P.E. Keck, J.I. Hudson, H.G. Pope.
Body dysmorphic disorder: does it have a psychotic subtype?.
J Clin Psychiat, 54 (1993), pp. 389-395
[45.]
K.A. Phillips, S.L. Mc Elroy, P.E.J.R. Keck, et al.
A comparison of desilusional and nondesilusional body dysmorphic disorder in 100 cases.
Psychopharmacol Bull, 30 (1994), pp. 179-186
[46.]
J. Rabe-Jablonska.
Resuls of long-term obsevation (3–11 years) of patients with dual diagnosis: body dismophic disorder and delusional disorder, somatic type.
Psychiatr Pol, 32 (1998), pp. 143-153
[47.]
I. Gottesman, I. Irving.
Schizophrenia genesis.
The Origin of Madness, pp. 203
[48.]
A. Munro.
“Paranoid spectrum” illnesses which should be included in the category of delusional disorder.
Delusional disorder, Cambridge University Press, (1998),
[49.]
K. Vauhkonen.
On the pathogenesis of morbid celotipicy.
Acta Psychiatr Scand, 46 (1968), pp. 1-62
[50.]
D. Fujii, I. Ahmed.
Characteristics of Psychotic Disorder Due to Traumatic Brain Injury. An Analysis of Case Studies in the Literature.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 14 (2002), pp. 130-140
[51.]
R.R. Crowe, C. Clarkson, M. Tsai, R. Wilson.
Delusional disorder: jealous and nonjealous types.
Eur Arch Psy Clin N, 237 (1988), pp. 179-183
[52.]
P.E. Mullen, J. Martin.
Jealousy: a community study.
Brit J Psychiat, 164 (1994), pp. 35-43
[53.]
J.D. Evans, J.S. Paulsen, D.V. Jeste.
A clinical and neuropsychological comparison of delusional disorder and schizophrenia.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 8 (1996), pp. 281-286
[54.]
C.R. Conway, A.M. Bollini, B.G. Graham, R.S. Keefe, S.S. Schiffman, J.P. MCevoy.
Sensory acuity and reasoning in delusional disorder.
Compr Psychiatry, 43 (2002), pp. 175-178
[55.]
M.C. Hardoy, M.G. Carta, M. Catena, et al.
Impairment in visual and spatial perception in schizophrenia and delusional disorder.
Psychiat Res, 127 (2004), pp. 163-166
[56.]
M. Rudden, J. Sweeney, A. Frances, M. Gilmore.
A comparison of delusional disorders in women and men.
Am J Psychiatry, 140 (1983), pp. 1575-1578
Copyright © 2009. SEP y SEPB
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos