Myopia, the challenge of ophthalmology and its worldwide “explosive epidemic”

Villa-Collar, C.; Carracedo, G.; González-Méijome, J.M.; Piñero-Llorens, D.

doi:10.1016/j.oftale.2018.10.007

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We are very pleased to see that the scientific Journal of Spanish Ophthalmology dedicated an editorial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">1</a> to one of the most important ocular and visual health issues of the present and future society, i.e., myopia and the evolution thereof. However, we were saddened to notice the absence of scientific rigour as well as of clinical ethics in several parts thereof.Accordingly, we have identified a range of inaccuracies in some phrases that require clarification. Some of the most relevant are discussed below.Treatments with bifocal and progressive ophthalmic lenses have demonstrated an effect (albeit a weak one) to slow down myopia. These treatments should not be combined with others which have proven lack of efficacy such as hypocorrection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">2</a>There is no sufficient evidence to state that orthokeratology is more efficient in medium and high myopics than in low myopics. Uni- and multivariate analyses in various studies have not found differences in the efficacy based on previous diopters.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">3</a>Hiraoka et al. recently published that the use of orthokeratology maintains its efficacy for controlling myopia in a period of 10 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">4</a>The risk of microbial keratitis with orthokeratology is similar to that of other modes of contact lens use.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">5</a> An incidence of 7.7 for each 10,000 users/year is estimated against 4 for daily use and 20 for continued use.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">6</a>The hydrophilic MiSight® contact lens, in addition to being the only lens in the market having the specific CE standard for myopia control in children, has been tested in 2 international clinic trials (NCT01917110 and NCT01729208) covering 2 and 3 years with positive results<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085">7,8</a> (<a id="intr0010" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.clinicaltrial.gov/">www.clinicaltrial.gov</a>).Longer outdoors time has demonstrated to be effective in preventing the appearance of myopia but not in halting its progression in previously myopic eyes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">9</a>Low doses of atropine have not been tested over a period exceeding 2 years of continued use. Even though the ATOM study covered 5 years, children used atropine for 2-year periods with one year suspension after ending the first phase.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">10</a>In summary, the editorial being commented demonstrates inadequate use of scientific evidence, giving the impression of promoting a single therapeutic option for controlling the progression of myopia and demeaning other options that are backed by demonstrated scientific evidence and widely used by ophthalmologists as well as optometrists, in many cases in close and healthy cooperation. We agree with the recently published editorial in Ophthalmology<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">9</a> in that this “explosive epidemic” cannot be overcome by extreme positions instead of broad outlooks, common sense and interprofessional cooperation. This is what society calls on us to do, and our work must be focused on this call." 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ISSN: 2173-5794
e-ISSN: 1989-7286

Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología is the official journal of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain, that has over 4,000 members. It gives priority to the publication of basic, translational and clinic research including reviews, original articles, short communications, editorials, letters to the editor and clinic practice guides related to Ophthalmology and its subspecialties. A small section of the journal is reserved for the most relevant papers presented at the annual Congress of the Society. All manuscripts considered for publication are reviewed by expert examiner peers (double blind). The journal is published monthly and even though its official language is Spanish all articles are translated into English to increase the dissemination of scientific information. At present, Archivos is the only Spanish language Ophthalmology journal indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE in addition to other prestigious international databases such as Scopus.

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PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, EMBASE, IBECS, IME, SCIELO, BIOSIS, SENIOR, COMPLUDOC

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Citescore 2023

1.2

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SJR 2023

0.247

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SNIP 2023

0.263

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Vol. 94. Issue 4.