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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Pulmonary hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical man...
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Vol. 145. Issue 9.
Pages 375-379 (November 2015)
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Vol. 145. Issue 9.
Pages 375-379 (November 2015)
Original article
Pulmonary hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical manifestations and prognosis
Hemorragia pulmonar en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Características clínicas y pronóstico
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Pablo Finucci Curi, Matilde Pierrestegui, Alberto Ortiz, Federico Ceccato, Sergio Paira
Corresponding author
pairasergio@fibertel.com.ar

Corresponding author.
Sección de Reumatología, Hospital J. M. Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Clinical and demographic characteristics of 11 patients with pulmonary hemorrhage and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Table 2. Complications, treatment and outcome of 11 patients.
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Abstract
Background and objective

Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare but potentially fatal complication that occurs most frequently in the context of active lupus with involvement of other organs. The objective of this study is to report the clinical features and prognosis of patients with SLE who had PH.

Methods

Patients with SLE (1982 American College of Rheumatology criteria) and PH under monitoring between June 1999 and November 2011 were studied. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment and prognosis data related to PH were analyzed.

Results

Eleven patients with SLE developed 14 episodes of PH. PH was the first manifestation of SLE in 2 patients. The most frequent symptoms and clinical signs were dyspnea, fever and cough, which occurred in 12 (85%), 11 (77%) and 7 (50%) patients, respectively. Hemoptysis was also observed in 5 (35%) episodes, tachycardia in 2 (14%), pallor in one (7%) and chest pain in one (7%). All patients had other concomitant organ involvement, and were treated with glucocorticoids. In addition, intravenous cyclophosphamide was indicated in 12 episodes and plasma exchange in 4. Overall mortality was 64%. Factors associated with mortality were infection, mechanical ventilation and dialysis.

Conclusions

PH continues to be a rare and severe complication of SLE. Its suspected presence forces us to quickly study these patients, since early diagnosis and aggressive treatment have been shown to improve survival in them.

Keywords:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Pulmonary hemorrhage
Clinical manifestations
Prognosis
Resumen
Fundamento y objetivo

La hemorragia pulmonar (HP) en el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una complicación rara pero potencialmente mortal, que se presenta con mayor frecuencia en el contexto de un lupus activo con afectación de otros órganos. El objetivo de este estudio es comunicar las características clínicas y el pronóstico de pacientes con diagnóstico de LES que presentaron HP.

Pacientes y método

Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de LES (criterios del American College of Rheumatology de 1982) y HP, en seguimiento entre junio de 1999 y noviembre de 2011. Se analizaron datos demográficos, clínicos, de laboratorio, tratamiento y pronóstico relacionado con la HP.

Resultados

Once pacientes con LES desarrollaron 14 episodios de HP. La HP fue la primera manifestación del LES en 2 pacientes. Los síntomas y signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron disnea, fiebre y tos, que se presentaron en 12 (85%), 11 (77%) y 7 (50%) pacientes, respectivamente. También se observó hemoptisis en 5 (35%) episodios, taquicardia en 2 (14%), palidez en uno (7%) y dolor torácico en otro (7%). Todos los pacientes presentaron otro compromiso orgánico concomitante, y todos fueron, asimismo, tratados con glucocorticoides. Además, en 12 episodios se indicó ciclofosfamida intravenosa, y en 4, recambio plasmático. La mortalidad general fue del 64%. Los factores que se asociaron a mayor mortalidad fueron infección, ventilación mecánica y diálisis.

Conclusiones

La HP continúa siendo una complicación rara y grave del LES. La sospecha de su presencia nos obliga al rápido estudio del enfermo para realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento intensivo, que han demostrado mejorar la supervivencia en estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Hemorragia pulmonar
Manifestaciones clínicas
Pronóstico

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