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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Smoking contribution to the global burden of metabolic disorder: A cluster analy...
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Vol. 163. Issue 1.
Pages 14-20 (July 2024)
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Vol. 163. Issue 1.
Pages 14-20 (July 2024)
Original article
Smoking contribution to the global burden of metabolic disorder: A cluster analysis
Contribución del tabaquismo a la carga global de trastornos metabólicos: un análisis de conglomerados
Hua Zhonga, Xuefeng Nia, Ruxuan Chenb, Xiaomeng Houa,
Corresponding author
houxmeng@outlook.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Health Care, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
b Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Distribution of metabolic indicators.
Table 2. Comparison of smoking status with metabolic groups.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Smoking is associated with various health risks, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to determine whether smoking is harmful to the whole metabolic system.

Methods

We collected data from 340 randomly selected participants who were divided into three groups: smokers (n=137), non-smokers (n=134), and ex-smokers (n=69). We obtained information on participants’ body mass index, waist circumference, indicators of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, bone metabolism, and uric acid from health screen data during the past three years. A cluster analysis was used to synthesize each participant's overall metabolic characteristics.

Results

According to the cluster analysis, the 340 participants were divided into three groups: excellent metabolizers (137, 40.3%), adverse metabolizers (32, 9.4%), and intermediate metabolizers (171, 50.3%). The Chi-squared test analysis shows that people with different smoking statuses have different metabolic patterns. Non-smokers had the highest proportion of excellent metabolizers (56%), and current smokers had the highest proportion of adverse metabolizers (15.3%). The proportion of adverse metabolizers (5.8%) in the ex-smoker group was clinically relevantly lower than that of current smokers.

Conclusion

The statistically significant differences in the distribution of smokers into different metabolic clusters indicate that smoking has adverse effects on the whole metabolic system of the human body, which further increases the existing global burden of metabolic disorders.

Keywords:
Disease burden
Smoke
Public health
Metabolic networks and pathways
Osteoporosis
Metabolic syndrome
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

El tabaquismo está asociado a diversos problemas de salud, como el cáncer, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. En el presente estudio de cohorte retrospectivo buscamos determinar si el tabaquismo es perjudicial para todo el sistema metabólico.

Métodos

Recabamos los datos de 340 participantes seleccionados de forma aleatoria que fueron divididos en tres grupos: fumadores (n=137), no fumadores (n=134) y exfumadores (n=69). Obtuvimos la información sobre: índice de masa corporal, perímetro de la cintura, indicadores de metabolismo de la glucosa, metabolismo lipídico, metabolismo óseo y ácido úrico de los datos de exámenes de salud realizados en los últimos tres años. Se empleó un análisis de conglomerados para sintetizar las características metabólicas generales de cada participante.

Resultados

Según el análisis de conglomerados, se dividió a los 340 participantes en tres grupos: excelentes metabolizadores (137 [40,3%]), metabolizadores adversos (32 [9,4%]) y metabolizadores intermedios (171 [50,3%]). Los no fumadores presentaron la proporción más alta de excelentes metabolizadores (56%), y los fumadores actuales presentaron la proporción más alta de metabolizadores adversos (15,3%). La proporción de metabolismo adverso (5,8%) en el grupo de ex fumadores fue significativamente menor que la de los fumadores actuales.

Conclusión

Las diferencias significativas en la distribución de fumadores en los distintos conglomerados metabólicos indican que el tabaquismo tiene efectos adversos en todo el sistema metabólico del cuerpo humano, lo cual resulta en un mayor aumento de la carga global existente de trastornos metabólicos.

Palabras clave:
Carga de morbilidad
Humo
Salud pública
Redes y rutas metabólicas
Osteoporosis
Síndrome metabólico

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