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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Stroke in young adults: incidence and clinical picture in 280 patients according...
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Vol. 146. Issue 5.
Pages 207-211 (March 2016)
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Vol. 146. Issue 5.
Pages 207-211 (March 2016)
Clinical report
Stroke in young adults: incidence and clinical picture in 280 patients according to their aetiological subtype
Ictus en adultos jóvenes: rasgos clínicos y frecuencia de presentación en 280 pacientes según el subtipo etiológico
Adrià Arboixa,
Corresponding author
aarboix@hscor.com

Corresponding author.
, Joan Massonsa, Luís García-Erolesb, Montserrat Oliveresa
a Unidad de Enfermedades Vasculares Cerebrales, Servicio de Neurología, Capio-Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Unitat d’Organització i Sistemes d’Informació, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Results of univariate comparative analysis among young patients (55 years of age or less) with stroke and the rest of patients.
Table 2. Clinical variables independently associated with younger patients (55 years of age or less) with stroke.
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Abstract
Background and objective

To assess the clinical features and incidence rate of stroke in young adults (less than 55 years of age).

Methods

Hospital-based descriptive study of 280 young inpatients consecutively admitted for stroke over a period of 24 years. We conducted a comparison with the remaining 4,312 patients admitted for stroke.

Results

Stroke in young adults represented 6.1% of all strokes, 5.7% of transient ischaemic attacks, 5.8% of cerebral infarctions and 8.4% of brain haemorrhages. However, reported minimal frequency of cardioembolic (2.1%) and atherothrombotic (3.4%) infarctions, accounted for 5.9% of lacunar and for 10.7% of essential infarctions and showed a maximum frequency in those infarctions of unusual aetiology (36%). Factors independently associated with stroke in young adults were cigarette smoking (OR 4.23; 95% CI 3.02–5.93; P=.000), unusual aetiology (OR 4.97; 95% CI 3.15–7.84; P=.000), headache (OR 4.57; 95% CI 2.59–8.07; P=.000), alcohol abuse (OR 3.93; 95% CI 2.46–6.29; P=.000), oral contraceptives (OR 14.07; 95% CI 2.37–83.40; P=.004), atrial fibrillation (OR 0.15; 95% CI 0.08–0.28; P=.000), arterial hypertension (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.33–0.57; P=.000), COPD (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.09–0.44; P=.000), atherothrombotic infarction (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.34–0.77; P=.001), female sex (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.52–0.97; P=.029), diabetes mellitus (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46–0.98; P=.030), ischaemic heart disease (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33–0.95; P=.032) and intermittent claudication (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.24–0.94; P=.033).

Conclusions

Stroke in young adults is infrequent (6.1% of the total), but represents the highest frequency of cerebral infarcts of unusual aetiology (36%). We conclude that stroke in younger patients presents its own and differentiated clinical profile.

Keywords:
Young adult stroke
Cerebral infarction
Brain haemorrhage
Aetiology
Resumen
Fundamento y objetivo

Analizar los rasgos clínicos y la frecuencia de presentación de los ictus en adultos jóvenes (55 o menos años de edad).

Métodos

Estudio hospitalario de 280 pacientes jóvenes consecutivos ingresados por presentar un ictus durante un período de 24 años. Se efectúa una comparación con los 4.312 pacientes restantes ingresados con ictus.

Resultados

Los ictus en adultos jóvenes representan el 6,1% del total de los ictus, el 5,7% de los ataques isquémicos transitorios, el 5,8% de los infartos cerebrales y el 8,4% de las hemorragias cerebrales. Su frecuencia fue mínima en los infartos cardioembólicos (2,1%) y en los aterotrombóticos (3,4%). Se observó en el 5,9% de los lacunares y en el 10,7% de los infartos esenciales, y su frecuencia fue máxima en los infartos de causa inhabitual (36%). Las variables asociadas a los ictus jóvenes de forma independiente fueron el tabaquismo (OR 4,23; IC del 95% 3,02–5,93; p=0,000), la etiología inhabitual (OR 4,97; IC del 95% 3,15–7,84; p=0,000), la cefalea (OR 4,57; IC del 95% 2,59–8,07; p=0,000), el abuso de alcohol (OR 3,93; IC del 95% 2,46–6,29; p=0,000), los anovulatorios (OR 14,07; IC del 95% 2,37–83,40; p=0,004), la fibrilación auricular (OR 0,15; IC del 95% 0,08–0,28; p=0,000), la hipertensión arterial (OR 0,43; IC del 95% 0,33–0,57; p=0,000), la EPOC (OR 0,20; IC del 95% 0,09–0,44; p=0,000), el infarto aterotrombótico (OR 0,51; IC del 95% 0,34–0,77; p=0,001), el sexo femenino (OR 0,71; IC del 95% 0,52–0,97; p=0,029), la diabetes mellitus (OR 0,66; IC del 95% 0,46–0,98; p=0,030), la cardiopatía isquémica (OR 0,56; IC del 95% 0,33–0,95; p=0,032) y la claudicación intermitente (OR 0,48; IC del 95% 0,24–0,94; p=0,033).

Conclusiones

Los ictus en adultos jóvenes son infrecuentes (6,1% del total), pero representan el 36% de los infartos de causa inhabitual. Las ictus en adultos jóvenes presentan un perfil clínico propio y diferenciado.

Palabras clave:
Ictus en adultos jóvenes
Infarto cerebral
Hemorragia cerebral
Etiología

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