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Inicio Psiquiatría Biológica Esketamina intranasal: un nuevo abordaje para el tratamiento de la depresión re...
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 9-15 (January - April 2020)
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 9-15 (January - April 2020)
Revisión
Esketamina intranasal: un nuevo abordaje para el tratamiento de la depresión resistente al tratamiento
Intranasal esketamine– a new approach for treatment-resistant depression
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101
Ana González-Pinto
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación BioAraba, Hospital Universitario Araba-OSI ArabaUniversidad del País Vasco (EHU/UPV), Vitoria, España
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Resumen

Los trastornos depresivos representan la principal causa de discapacidad en el mundo, siendo una de las enfermedades que requieren mayor número de bajas laborales y costes asociados. Los antidepresivos pueden tardar incluso meses en lograr respuesta y remisión. De hecho, se estima que el 30% de pacientes con trastorno depresivo mayor son resistentes al tratamiento. Recientemente se ha aprobado la esketamina intranasal como tratamiento de este tipo de pacientes. El desarrollo de este medicamento incluye numerosos estudios que apoyan su seguridad a corto y largo plazo en pacientes con depresión resistente al tratamiento. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios de fase iii con esketamina intranasal. Tras realizar una búsqueda en Medline en la que se obtuvieron 5 estudios, 3 a corto plazo y 2 a largo, el tratamiento de esketamina intranasal en combinación con un antidepresivo oral ha demostrado ser eficaz y seguro en pacientes con depresión resistente al tratamiento. Los resultados de seguridad fueron consistentes en todos los estudios sin presentar efectos adversos inesperados a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Esketamina
Intranasal
Trastorno depresivo mayor
Depresión resistente
Abstract

Depressive disorders are the main cause of incapacity at a world level on being one of the illnesses that require a large number of days off work and associated costs. Antidepressants may even take months to achieve a response and remission. In fact, it is estimated that 30% of patients with a Major Depressive Disorder are resistant to the treatment. Intranasal eskatamine has recently been approved as treatment for this type of patient. The development of this drug includes numerous studies that support its safety in the short- and long-term in patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression. For this reason, the aim of the present article is to perform a systematic review of phase III studies with intranasal eskatamine. After carrying out a search on Medline, in which 5 studies were obtained. Three of them were short-term, and 2 long-term. The intranasal esketamine treatment in combination with an oral antidepressant was shown to be effective and safe in patients with treatment-resistant depression. The safety results were consistent in all the studies, without there being any unexpected adverse effects in the long-term.

Keywords:
Esketamine
Intranasal
Major depressive disorder
Resistant depression

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