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Inicio Radiología (English Edition) The usefulness of ultrasonography in synovial disease
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Vol. 52. Issue 4.
Pages 301-310 (January 2010)
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Vol. 52. Issue 4.
Pages 301-310 (January 2010)
The usefulness of ultrasonography in synovial disease
Utilidad de la ecografía en el estudio de la enfermedad sinovial
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A. Bargiela
Departamento de Radioloxía, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Abstract

Synovial disease is common in clinical practice and can have different causes. The development of high resolution ultrasonography (US) has led to greater use of US in the study of synovial disease. In this context, US is useful because (1) it can detect not only synovial disease, but also its consequences as tissue damage (erosions); (2) it can guide arthrocentesis when clinical attempts to obtain joint fluid have been unsuccessful, especially in joints that are difficult to access (hips), or sometimes when joint infections are clinically suspected; (3) it enables the efficacy of treatment for synovitis to be evaluated; and (4) it makes it possible to distinguish benign cystic lesions from other tumors.

The overall evaluation of synovial disease is based on semiologic criteria that enables these alterations to be classified into four main groups: (a) joint effusion, (b) cystic synovial lesions, (c) intra-articular free bodies, and (d) synovial thickening.

Keywords:
Synovial membrane
Synovial disease
Sonography
Ultrasound
Synovial joint
Musculoskeletal system
Resumen

La enfermedad sinovial es frecuente en la práctica clínica y puede tener diferentes etiologías. La introducción de la ecografía de alta resolución se ha traducido en una mayor utilización de esta técnica para explorar esta enfermedad. La utilidad de la ecografía consiste en los siguientes aspectos: a) detectar no sólo la enfermedad sinovial, sino también sus consecuencias en forma de daño tisular (erosiones); b) obtener líquido articular guiando la artrocentesis, especialmente en articulaciones poco accesibles (caderas), cuando clínicamente sea infructuoso o en algunos casos de sospecha de infección articular; c) evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento en la sinovitis, y d) distinguir lesiones quísticas benignas de otros tumores.

Para realizar una aproximación global a esta enfermedad utilizamos un criterio semiológico que nos permite clasificar estas alteraciones en 4 grupos principales: derrame articular, lesiones quísticas sinoviales, cuerpos libres intraarticulares y engrosamiento sinovial.

Palabras clave:
Membrana sinovial
Enfermedad sinovial
Ecografía
Ultrasonidos
Articulación sinovial
Sistema musculoesquelético

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