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Inicio Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) A nephrogenic mechanism underlies dexmedetomidine-induced polyuria. A case repor...
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Vol. 71. Issue 4.
Pages 332-338 (April 2024)
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Vol. 71. Issue 4.
Pages 332-338 (April 2024)
Case report
A nephrogenic mechanism underlies dexmedetomidine-induced polyuria. A case report
Un mecanismo nefrogénico subyace a la poliuria inducida por dexmedetomidina – Informe de un caso
L. Vaz Rodriguesa,
Corresponding author
, D. Rorizb, F. Salgado-Seixasa, S. Marinhoc, P.R. Ferreirad
a Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
b Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro E.P.E., Vila Real, Portugal
c Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
d Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Table 1. Plasma and urine values obtained from pre, intra- and/or post-operative blood and urine tests (immediately after surgery, at 24 h/D1 and 48 h/D2).
Abstract

Dexmedetomidine’s α-adrenoreceptor agonism has been gaining popularity in the anesthetic room as a sedative-hypnotic and analgesic agent, and with extensive perioperative use rising concern about side effects is necessary.

Bradycardia and hypotension are common adverse effects, but there are also several reports of excessive urine output, possibly due to vasopressin secretion and permeability of collecting ducts.

Polyuria usually resolves with discontinuation of the drug, and significant morbidity has not been reported. Early identification, removal of the agent, and treatment are imperative to minimize complications - mainly natremia and neurological symptoms.

This case report describes a dexmedetomidine-related polyuric syndrome during opioid-free general anesthesia for major head and neck surgery. A nephrogenic mechanism for the clinical effect is proposed and reinforced by analytical data obtained. An intra-operative polyuria approach is also delineated.

Keywords:
Dexmedetomidine
Polyuria
Pharmacology
Resumen

El agonismo de los receptores adrenérgicos α de la dexmedetomidina ha ido ganando popularidad en la sala de anestesia como agente sedante-hipnótico y analgésico, y con el uso perioperatorio extenso es necesaria una creciente preocupación por los efectos secundarios.

La bradicardia y la hipotensión son frecuentes, pero se informa cada vez más de una diuresis excesiva, siendo los mecanismos sugeridos la secreción de vasopresina y el aumento de la permeabilidad de los conductos colectores.

La poliuria generalmente se resuelve con la suspensión del fármaco y no se ha informado morbilidad significativa. La identificación temprana, la eliminación del agente y el tratamiento son imprescindibles para minimizar las complicaciones, principalmente asociadas con los niveles de natremia y los síntomas neurológicos.

Este informe de caso describe un síndrome poliúrico relacionado con la dexmedetomidina durante la anestesia general sin opioides para una cirugía mayor de cabeza y cuello. Se propone un mecanismo nefrogénico para el efecto clínico y se refuerza con los datos analíticos obtenidos. También se describe un enfoque de poliuria intraoperatoria.

Palabras clave:
Dexmedetomidina
Poliuria
Farmacología

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