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Case report
Transcaval approach for aortic endoprosthesis insertion. A new anesthetic challenge
Abordaje transcava para inserción de endoprótesis aórtica. Un nuevo reto anestésico
A. Alegre Cortésa,
Corresponding author
andres.alegre.cortes@navarra.es

Corresponding author.
, A. Bilbao Aresa, A. Pola Jiméneza, Y. Abaurrea Díaza, S. Fernández Alonsob, M. Salvador Bravoa
a Servicio Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
b Servicio Cirugía Vascular y Angiología, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Received 20 May 2023. Accepted 14 September 2023
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Abstract

The treatment of acute aortic syndrome has been benefited in recent years from the huge progress in endovascular techniques, compared to classical surgical treatment, by open surgery. Nevertheless, for endovascular treatment to be successful, it is essential for the patient to present adequate vascular access. Those cases with unfavourable vascular anatomy make it necessary to consider open surgery with significant morbidity, or even to reject surgery. A new approach to the abdominal aorta has recently been described as an indication for these patients with impossibility of other vascular access and absolute or relative contraindication to the transthoracic approach.

The anesthetic management of the aortic syndrome is well known and, even though there are a variety of options, all of them have proven safety and efficacy. The implementation of new surgical approaches and new possible complications imply a challenge for the anesthesiologist which, for now, has little or none scientific evidence.

We present the first case of transcaval aortic endoprosthesis implantation in Spain, its anesthetic implications, and a review of the literature.

Keywords:
Aortic syndrome
Aortic endoprosthesis
Transcaval access
Endovascular Surgery
Resumen

El tratamiento del síndrome aórtico agudo en los últimos años se ha beneficiado del enorme avance en las técnicas endovasculares, frente al tratamiento quirúrgico clásico, mediante cirugía abierta. Sin embargo, para que el tratamiento endovascular tenga éxito, es imprescindible que el paciente presente unos accesos vasculares adecuados. Aquellos casos con una anatomía vascular desfavorable obligan a plantear una cirugía abierta con importante morbilidad, o incluso a desestimar la cirugía. Recientemente se ha descrito un nuevo abordaje a la aorta abdominal a través de la vena cava inferior como indicación para estos pacientes con imposibilidad de otros accesos vasculares y contraindicación absoluta o relativa del abordaje transtorácico.

El manejo anestésico del síndrome aórtico es bien conocido y, si bien existe variedad de opciones, todas ellas son de seguridad y eficacia probadas. La implantación de nuevos abordajes quirúrgicos y nuevas posibles complicaciones implican un reto para el anestesiólogo que, por el momento, dispone de poca o ninguna evidencia científica.

Presentamos el primer caso realizado en España de implantación de endoprótesis aórtica mediante abordaje transcava, sus implicaciones anestésicas y una revisión de la bibliografía.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome aórtico
Endoprótesis aórtica
Abordaje transcava
Cirugía endovascular

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