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array:24 [ "pii" => "S2341192915000852" "issn" => "23411929" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2015.10.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-03-01" "aid" => "632" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "copyrightAnyo" => "2014" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2016;63:141-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 155 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 4 "HTML" => 109 "PDF" => 42 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0034935615001711" "issn" => "00349356" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2015.06.012" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-03-01" "aid" => "632" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2016;63:141-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1403 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 5 "HTML" => 652 "PDF" => 746 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL</span>" "titulo" => "Ensayo clínico aleatorizado comparando bloqueo del plano transverso abdominal con abordaje posterior o bloqueo del cuadrado lumbar tipo <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> con el bloqueo femoral, ambos guiados con ultrasonidos, para analgesia postoperatoria en fractura de cuello de fémur" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "141" "paginaFinal" => "148" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Randomised trial comparing the transversus abdominis plane block posterior approach or quadratus lumborum block type <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> with femoral block for postoperative analgesia in femoral neck fracture, both ultrasound-guided" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1592 "Ancho" => 2333 "Tamanyo" => 298193 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Representación anatómica del QLB I, la aguja se coloca donde los músculos abdominales terminan, en la cara anterolateral del músculo cuadrado lumbar.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "T. Parras, R. Blanco" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "Parras" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Blanco" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2341192915000852" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2015.10.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192915000852?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034935615001711?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/00349356/0000006300000003/v1_201602190102/S0034935615001711/v1_201602190102/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2341192915000864" "issn" => "23411929" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2015.10.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-03-01" "aid" => "631" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2016;63:149-58" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 96 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 7 "HTML" => 72 "PDF" => 17 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Dynamic muscle O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> saturation response is impaired during major non-cardiac surgery despite goal-directed haemodynamic therapy" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "149" "paginaFinal" => "158" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La respuesta de la saturación dinámica muscular en cirugía no cardiaca se altera pese a la terapia hemodinámica dirigida por objetivos" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1838 "Ancho" => 3063 "Tamanyo" => 317301 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Changes over time in heart rate (A), mean arterial pressure (B), systolic volume index (C), norepinephrine administration (D), temperature (E), and central venous saturation (F). Data are shown as median (interquartile range) during surgery and the nonparametric analysis of systemic changes over time in longitudinal data is shown as the corresponding <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Feldheiser, O. Hunsicker, L. Kaufner, J. Köhler, H. Sieglitz, R. Casans Francés, K.-D. Wernecke, J. Sehouli, C. Spies" "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Feldheiser" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "O." "apellidos" => "Hunsicker" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Kaufner" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Köhler" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "H." "apellidos" => "Sieglitz" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Casans Francés" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "K.-D." "apellidos" => "Wernecke" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Sehouli" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Spies" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S003493561500170X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2015.06.011" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S003493561500170X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192915000864?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23411929/0000006300000003/v1_201603020056/S2341192915000864/v1_201603020056/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2341192915000803" "issn" => "23411929" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2015.09.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-03-01" "aid" => "610" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2016;63:135-40" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 117 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 5 "HTML" => 62 "PDF" => 50 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Supraclavicular brachial plexus block using ropivacaine alone or combined with dexmedetomidine for upper limb surgery: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, comparative study" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "135" "paginaFinal" => "140" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Bloqueo supraclavicular del plexo braquial con ropivacaína sola o en combinación con dexmedetomidina en cirugías de extremidades superiores: ensayo comparativo, prospectivo, monitorización y con doble enmascaramiento" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 991 "Ancho" => 1610 "Tamanyo" => 97816 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean arterial pressure in both groups. Data shown as mean (SD).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "B. Das, M. Lakshmegowda, M. Sharma, S. Mitra, R. Chauhan" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Das" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Lakshmegowda" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Sharma" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Mitra" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Chauhan" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0034935615001206" "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2015.04.012" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034935615001206?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192915000803?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23411929/0000006300000003/v1_201603020056/S2341192915000803/v1_201603020056/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:21 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Randomised trial comparing the transversus abdominis plane block posterior approach or quadratus lumborum block type <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span> with femoral block for postoperative analgesia in femoral neck fracture, both ultrasound-guided" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "141" "paginaFinal" => "148" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "T. Parras, R. Blanco" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "Parras" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "tparrasmaldonado@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Blanco" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "St George's Hospital, NHS Trust Foundation, Londres, United Kingdom" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Ensayo clínico aleatorizado comparando bloqueo del plano transverso abdominal con abordaje posterior o bloqueo del cuadrado lumbar tipo <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> con el bloqueo femoral, ambos guiados con ultrasonidos, para analgesia postoperatoria en fractura de cuello de fémur" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1238 "Ancho" => 1650 "Tamanyo" => 88120 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ultrasound image of QLB. Eo: external oblique, io: internal oblique, t: transversus abdominis, ql: quadratus lumborum muscles, perit: peritoneum, the arrow indicates the needle insertion point.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure to treat femoral neck fracture, a common occurrence in elderly patients. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Pain is a very important cause of delirium in these patients, coupled with the side effects of opioids such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, etc.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Our aim was to compare the efficacy of quadratus lumborum block versus femoral block, evaluating pain, opioid consumption, complications and patient satisfaction.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The posterior approach of the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> or quadratus lumborum block (QLB),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> is a peripheral block involving the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall. It is the ultrasound-guided posterior approach to the triangle of Petit described in 2007 by Blanco,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and involves the administration of local anaesthetic to the anterolateral aspect of the quadratus lumborum muscle.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sensory innervation of the anterolateral abdominal wall comes from the anterior branches of the last 6 thoracic nerves and the first 2 lumbar nerves. Branches arising from the anterior rami comprise the lower six thoracic nerves, intercostal nerves (T7–T11), the subcostal nerve (T12) and the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1), which give rise to lateral and anterior cutaneous branches as they become more superficial. The subcostal, ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves travel in the plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles. The TAP block was first described in 2001 by Rafi as a landmark-based technique within the ilio-lumbar triangle of Petit. It provides a dermatome sensory block of the lower six thoracic and first lumbar afferents.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> To replicate the landmark approach, an ultrasound-guided posterior approach, a no pops technique, was described by Blanco.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> This posterior approach prevents vascularisation, mainly of the deep circumflex plexus.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TAP blocks are indicated in surgical procedures involving incisions in the abdominal wall, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open appendectomy, caesarean section, and other gynaecologic procedures, retropubic prostatectomy, and bowel resection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7–12</span></a> It has been used to provide analgesia for anterior iliac crest bone graft harvesting.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Since this first report, a variety of methods for delivering local anaesthetic into this anatomical plane have been described, including a ‘subcostal block’ used for upper abdominal operations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided QLB versus femoral block for postoperative analgesia in hemiarthroplasty. Main variables were patient-reported pain on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and opioid requirement.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In July 2011, the hospital's Research Ethics Committee authorised the clinical trial with number EudraCT: 2011-002540-27 and protocol code: CHJTPM 01/2011. This was a double-blind, parallel groups, QLB I and femoral, study; informed written consent was obtained from all patients. Data was collected over 6 months, from August 2011 to January 2012. Inclusion criteria were: patients aged over 65 years, ASA I–III, scheduled for hemiarthroplasty performed within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of admission. Exclusion criteria were: known allergy to local anaesthetics, mental disability that precluded administration of VAS, peripheral neuropathy, coagulopathy disorder or any other contraindication for spinal anaesthesia. Patients receiving preoperative morphine or block. Withdrawal criteria were: intraoperative mortality or at 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h post-surgery, patient's decision, complications (defined as need for general anaesthesia following failure of spinal anaesthesia), adverse effects (defined as intravascular injection during block, unconsciousness, anaphylactic episode, cardiac or respiratory arrest).</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At total of 104 patients were randomly assigned to receive QLB or femoral block using randomisation software (Epidat 3.1). All patients were monitored (NIBP, ECG and pulsioximetry) and intravenous peripheral access was placed; none were premedicated. An ultrasound scanner was used in all cases (S-Nerve; Sonosite Iberica S.L., Madrid, Spain), with a linear transducer HFL38x (13–6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MHz) for femoral block and a curvilinear transducer C60x (5–2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MHz) for QLB. Both blocks were performed in supine position by an anaesthetist with extensive experience in regional blockade, using a needle-in-plane technique (22-G, 50-mm for femoral and 100-mm for QLB, Polymedic<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> UPC). In the femoral group, 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine was injected lateral to the femoral artery and below fascia lata and iliaca. In the QLB group, 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of 0.125% levobupivacaine was administered in the anterolateral aspect of the quadratus lumborum muscle (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1 and 2</a>). Placing the convex transducer on the midaxillary line, between the 12th rib and the iliac crest, the abdominal muscles (external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis) were identified, and the quadratus lumborum muscle, posterior to them. Following this, spinal anaesthesia was administered with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaíne (1.2–1.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml) with no opioids. After surgery, patients were transferred to the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU); this was defined as 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. In the PACU, patients were given a patient-controlled intravenous analgesia infusion pump (PCA) programmed to deliver intravenous bolus of 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of morphine, with a lockout time of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and maximum dose of 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg in 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. The rescue analgesia in PACU consisted of boluses of 1–5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of morphine (intravenous administration); rescue analgesia on the ward was 2–8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg, subcutaneously. IV Paracetamol (1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g) was given every 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h, and 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg iv ondansetron as required. Ineffective block was defined as the requirement of opioids in addition to the PCA.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Before surgery, the following variables were recorded by the attending anaesthetist: sex, age, BMI and ASA status. The primary outcome measures were VAS at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h, the dosage of opioids administered in PACU, and total dosage in 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. Secondary outcome measures were sensory and motor block, measured at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. Duration of stay in PACU, patient satisfaction and side effects were also recorded at 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. Each patient was assessed by a blinded PACU nurse observer and a blinded ward nurse observer, both trained to evaluate the outcomes.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The VAS is a pain measurement instrument in which patients specify their level of pain indicating a position along a continuous line between two points. Sensory block was evaluated with cold spray in 3 areas: anterior, medial and lateral aspects of the thigh. We considered a complete sensory blockade if the 3 areas were anaesthetised; partial blockade, if 1 or 2 areas were anaesthetised; and failure if none of the areas was affected. The motor block was evaluated by leg movement: motor block failure was defined as full range of movement; partial motor block was defined as some difficulty; and complete motor block was inability to move the limb. Patient satisfaction was analysed as very satisfied, satisfied or dissatisfied at 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Discharge from PACU was defined as a score of 8 or more on the modified Aldrete scale, and the patient should have passed the urine. Discharge was decided by the PACU anaesthetist, blinded to the technique.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study design required a sample size of 104 subjects, 52 in each group. Sample size was calculated using an independent sample t test, considering a standard deviation of 0.9, a clinically relevant difference in VAS was considered 2.00, 80% power, and a 5% significance level.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A descriptive study of the primary and secondary outcome measures was performed. Data were analysed using the R Project for Statistical Computing. The Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test was used for qualitative outcomes, and the independent samples <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney test for quantitative outcomes. Significance was set at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the data collection stage, 7 patients were excluded from the study, 3 from the femoral group and 4 from the QLB group. The reasons were the following: disconnection of the morphine pump, switch to general anaesthesia due to prolonged surgery, mortality at 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h; data for 4 patients were incomplete. The cause of death was heart failure 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h post-surgery, and was not associated with anaesthesia-related complications.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The groups were evenly matched in terms of sex, age, BMI and ASA status (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). VAS score at 6, 12, 18 and 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h was lower in the QLB group (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>). Opioid consumption in the PACU and at 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h was lower in the QLB group (3.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg in QLB versus 7.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg in femoral, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01). At 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h, consumption was 9.7 in the QLB group versus 16.9 in the femoral group (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>). Similarly, the length of stay in recovery was also lower in the QLB group (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The values obtained in the Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> or Fisher tests for qualitative variable and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney for quantitative variable are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0020">Tables 4 and 5</a>, respectively.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Differences in motor and sensory block between groups were not significant. Patient satisfaction tended to be higher in the QLB group, but this was not statistically significant (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.08); overall, 86.6% of patients were very satisfied, 10.3% were satisfied, and 3% were dissatisfied. This 3% corresponded to the femoral group: 3 patients felt paresthesia during performance of the femoral block.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, the only adverse effects were the 3 cases of paresthesia in the femoral group, with none in the QLB group. There were no complications associated with either block.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The hip is innervated by several nerves arising from the lumbar plexus. The articular branches of the femoral and obturator nerves supply the anterior section of the hip joint capsule. The femoral nerve supplies the sensory innervation of the anterolateral region of the hip joint capsule.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> One of the 2 major articular branches enters and innervates the iliopsoas muscle. A lateral branch passes vertical from this branch down to the muscular fibres and innervates the anterior side of the hip joint capsule. The other articular branch passes at a lateral angle along the iliopsoas muscle and joins the lateral margin of the hip joint capsule. The obturator nerve innervates the anteromedial section of the hip joint capsule. The articular branches derive from the anterior branch, the posterior branch, or the trunk of the obturator nerve. The posterior branch traverses the external obturator muscle, and an articular branch of the obturator nerve that innervates the hip joint capsule passes posterolaterally. Additionally, articular branches of the sciatic nerve, which innervate the quadratus femoris muscle and the posteromedial section of the hip joint capsule, are located posteriorly. Together with these, articular branches of the superior gluteal nerve innervate the posterolateral section of the hip joint capsule.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fascia iliaca block has been reported to provide good analgesia for femoral neck fracture.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16–18</span></a> Nevertheless, it is important to bear in mind that in posterolateral incision, iliohypogastric and subcostal nerves are found this area, and are not anaesthetised by fascia iliac block. Recently, Newman et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> compared preoperative nerve stimulator-guided femoral nerve block and fascia iliaca compartment block, concluding that femoral nerve block provided superior preoperative analgesia for femur neck fracture. Their results showed a decreased pain score and lower morphine requirement in patients receiving femoral nerve block. Therefore, we decided to compare QLB with femoral block instead of fascia iliaca block.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">More randomised controlled clinical trials are required to validate our findings due to several limitations, such as the total local anaesthetic dose administered. Although both blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance, the volumes used were 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml in QLB group and 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml in the femoral group. QLB is a compartment block, requiring a large volume, while in our experience only 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml is required for successful femoral nerve ultrasound-guided block. We used a lower concentration in the QLB group (0.125% versus 0.25%), although the dose was still higher in this group (37.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg versus 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg in femoral group). Regarding sample size calculation, we did not take into account the post-recruitment exclusion of patient, and 7 subjects did not complete the study.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our clinical practice we performed QLB as an effective analgesic technique for abdominal wall incisions including inguinal hernias, with no need for intra- or postoperative opioids. We observed that QLB analgesia covers the dermatomes from T10 to L1. The local anaesthetic is injected at the level of the subcostal and iliohypogastric nerves, and we therefore considered it suitable for patients undergoing hip surgery.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the sensory and motor block evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of the QLB block instead of the spinal block, but this measurement on transfer to the PACU was not useful, as most patients had not recovered from its effects. We were not able to wait to perform the spinal technique and evaluate the sensory and motor block after performing the block due to the absence of a block room and lack of time between one case and another.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusions</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study shows that ultrasound-guided QLB provides superior analgesia to ultrasound-guided femoral block in patients undergoing surgery for femoral neck fracture. It revealed that patients receiving QLB compared to those receiving femoral block had lower VAS score, short stay in the PACU, and required less morphine in the following 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. More clinical trials are required to validate these findings.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres611607" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec625579" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres611608" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec625580" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack206151" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2014-11-05" "fechaAceptado" => "2015-06-16" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec625579" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Analgesia" 1 => "Nerve block" 2 => "Hemiarthroplasty" 3 => "Pain" 4 => "Spinal anaesthesia" 5 => "Clinical trial" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec625580" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Analgesia" 1 => "Bloqueo nervioso" 2 => "Hemiartroplastia" 3 => "Dolor" 4 => "Anestesia raquídea" 5 => "Ensayo clínico" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted to compare the analgesic effect of the transversus abdominis plane block posterior approach or the quadratus lumborum block <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> versus femoral block, both ultrasound-guided.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective study with parallel groups with 104 patients with neck of femur fracture undergoing hemiarthroplasty (although 7 participants did not finish the study). The inclusion criteria were patients older than 65 years old, ASA I–III status, who required and gave their consent for hemiarthroplasty. The exclusion criteria were patients with known allergy to local anaesthetics, mental disability, peripheral neuropathy, a coagulopathy disorder, and those patients who received morphine, or a block was performed previous to the surgery. Each patient received one block followed by a spinal anaesthetic technique, performed by the anaesthetist. Pain was measured using a visual analogue score, sensory blockade using cold spray, and motor blockade, evaluating the leg movement. These were compared on arrival in recovery and at 6, 12, 18, and 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h later. Total opioid amount administered in 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h, duration of stay in post-anaesthesia care unit, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects were also recorded.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A lower visual analogue score was observed in the quadratus lumborum block group at 6, 12, 18 and 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h (3.7, 1.4, 0.8, 0.7 versus 5.2, 4.6, 3.4, 2.6 in the femoral group, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01). Opioid use in 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h was lower in this group (9.7 versus 16.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg in the femoral group, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.01). The sensory and motor blockade, satisfaction, and adverse effects, were similar in both groups.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Quadratus lumborum block is an effective analgesic option to be used in patients with neck of femur fracture. More clinical trials are required to validate this.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, a doble ciego, comparando la eficacia analgésica del bloqueo del plano transverso abdominal en su abordaje posterior o bloqueo del cuadrado lumbar tipo <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> versus el bloqueo femoral, ambos guiados con ultrasonidos.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo de grupos paralelos con 104 pacientes con fractura de cuello de fémur, que fueron intervenidos mediante hemiartroplastia, aunque solo 97 participantes finalizaron el estudio. Los criterios de inclusión fueron pacientes mayores de 65 años, ASA I-III, que requirieron y firmaron el consentimiento informado para cirugía de hemiartroplastia. Los criterios de exclusión englobaron alergia conocida a anestésico local, discapacidad mental, neuropatía periférica, coagulopatía y a aquellos pacientes que recibieron morfina o a quienes se les realizó un bloqueo previo a la cirugía. Los pacientes recibieron uno de los 2 bloqueos seguidos de anestesia raquídea, llevada a cabo por un anestesiólogo. El dolor fue medido con la escala visual analógica, el bloqueo sensitivo fue valorado con espray frío, el bloqueo motor fue evaluado con la movilización de la pierna. Estos datos fueron recogidos a la llegada a la reanimación y a las 6, 12, 18 y 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h más tarde. También se anotó el consumo de opioides a las 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h, la duración de la estancia en reanimación, la satisfacción del paciente y los efectos adversos del bloqueo.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se mostraron unos valores de dolor menores medidos a 6, 12, 18 y 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h en el grupo cuadrado lumbar (3,7; 1,4; 0,8; 0,7 versus 5,2; 4,6; 3,4; 2,6 en el grupo femoral) con p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01. El consumo de opioides fue menor en este grupo (9,7 versus 16,9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg en el grupo femoral), con p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01. El bloqueo sensitivo y motor, la satisfacción y los efectos adversos fueron similares en ambos grupos.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El bloqueo cuadrado lumbar es una opción analgésica eficaz para pacientes con fractura de cuello de fémur. Se requiere de más ensayos clínicos para su validación.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Parras T, Blanco R. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado comparando bloqueo del plano transverso abdominal con abordaje posterior o bloqueo del cuadrado lumbar tipo <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> con el bloqueo femoral, ambos guiados con ultrasonidos, para analgesia postoperatoria en fractura de cuello de fémur. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2016;63:141–148.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">This study was presented as a PHD thesis titled “Bloqueo TAP cuadrado lumbar versus bloqueo femoral, ambos ecoguiados, para analgesia postoperatoria en artroplastía de cadera”, in Jaén University in March 2013.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p>" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">This article is part of the Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Continuing Medical Education Program. An evaluation of the questions on this article can be made through the Internet by accessing the Education Section of the following web page: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr9065" href="http://www.elsevier.es/redar">www.elsevier.es/redar</a></p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:9 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1592 "Ancho" => 2333 "Tamanyo" => 318282 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anatomy of QLB, the needle is placed at the edge of the abdominal muscles, in the anterolateral aspect of the quadratus lumborum muscle.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1238 "Ancho" => 1650 "Tamanyo" => 88120 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ultrasound image of QLB. Eo: external oblique, io: internal oblique, t: transversus abdominis, ql: quadratus lumborum muscles, perit: peritoneum, the arrow indicates the needle insertion point.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 867 "Ancho" => 1487 "Tamanyo" => 83486 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">VAS scores (longitudinal axis), at different times (transverse axis) in both groups (femoral in blue, QLB I in red).</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1223 "Ancho" => 1390 "Tamanyo" => 54274 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Opioid consumption at 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h in both groups (femoral in blue and QLB in red). Longitudinal axis shows mg of morphine administered. Transverse axis shows each group.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Procedure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Max \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Age</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">74.551 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.755 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.394 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">QLB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">77.813 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.524 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.375 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76.165 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.730 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.988 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Weight</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71.694 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16.338 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.334 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">124 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">QLB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">72.479 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24.432 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.526 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">195 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">72.082 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.637 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.095 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">195 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Height</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.582 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.086 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.012 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">QLB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.568 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.565 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.083 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.012 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.575 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.084 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="9" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">BMI</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28.500 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27.767 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.438 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.777 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19.025 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.907 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">QLB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.379 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29.136 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.186 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.326 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.162 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76.172 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28.935 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28.360 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.503 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.762 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.162 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">76.172 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1001885.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Independent variables. No.: number of patients. SD: standard deviation. SE: standard error. Min: minimum. Max: maximum.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Confidence interval 95%.</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lower limit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Upper limit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Femoral</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">VAS 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.8571 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.2803 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.4340 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.2857 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.5577 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.0137 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.6327 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.0010 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.2643 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.4082 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.8327 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.9836 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.6122 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.0078 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.2167 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">QLB</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">VAS 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.9792 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.3964 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.5620 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.7917 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.0562 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.5272 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.4583 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.8201 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.0966 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.8125 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.2311 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.3939 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.7083 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0976 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.3191 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1001888.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean VAS scores in both groups at different times, with a confidence interval of 95% and lower and upper limits.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No.: number of patients. SD: standard deviation. SE: standard error. Min: minimum. Max: maximum.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Procedure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">No. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean 95% CI</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Median \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">SE \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Min \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Max \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Lower limit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Upper limit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Opioids PACU</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.245 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.629 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.947 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">QLB I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.667 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.264 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.471 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.474 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.515 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.560 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="11" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Opioids 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Femoral \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16.959 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.184 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.598 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">QLB I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.771 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.075 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.402 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.005 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1001889.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Opioid requirement (mg of morphine) in PACU and at 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h in both groups.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Values \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ASA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.587 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.274 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Fisher \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.499 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.281 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensory 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.625 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.099 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensory 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Fisher \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.473 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensory 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Fisher \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensory 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensory 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Motor 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.752 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.093 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Motor 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.426 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.808 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Motor 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.033 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.597 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Motor 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Motor 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Patient satisfaction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.019 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.081 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1001887.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> and Fisher tests for qualitative variables.</p>" ] ] 8 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Values \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">973.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.143 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Weight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1169 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.982 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Height \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1067 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.427 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">BMI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1094 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.544 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1152.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.806 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">768.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">400 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">476.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">VAS 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">740.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Opioids PACU \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">769.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Opioids 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">648 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Stay in PACU \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">900.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.044 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1001886.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> Mann–Whitney test for quantitative variables.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bloqueo TAP cuadrado lumbar versus bloqueo femoral, ambos ecoguiados, para analgesia postoperatoria en artroplastia de cadera" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "T. 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Dr. Richard Arnold, for his contribution with edition, and Dr. Javier Durán, providing the comic picture of the QLB.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23411929/0000006300000003/v1_201603020056/S2341192915000852/v1_201603020056/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "34051" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23411929/0000006300000003/v1_201603020056/S2341192915000852/v1_201603020056/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192915000852?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
